605 research outputs found
Intern doctors’ views on the current and future antibiotic resistance situation of Chattagram Maa O Shishu Hospital Medical College, Bangladesh
No full textRozina Hoque,1 Asma Mostafa,2 Mainul Haque3 1Department of Pharmacology, 2Department of Anatomy, Chattagram Maa O Shishu Hospital Medical College, Agrabad, Chittagong, Bangladesh; 3Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia Background: Bacterial resistance due to antibiotic misuse is reported every day. Such threat calls for a consensus to develop new strategies to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria. Medical doctors must play a pivotal role to control and prevent the misuse of antibiotics. There were complaints that prescribers are lacking behind in updates and advancement in the field. To address such knowledge gap, a study was conducted to know the views of interns on the current antibiotic resistance situation in a teaching hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, randomized, and questionnaire-based survey. Interns of the medicine, gynecology, and surgery departments of Chattagram Maa O Shishu Hospital Medical College were the study population. Results: Out of 50 respondents, 98% would like more education on antibiotic selection. All respondents believed that prescribing inappropriate or unnecessary antibiotics was professionally unethical. Ninety percent of the participants were confident in making an accurate diagnosis of infection. Eighty-four percent of them were confident about dosage schedule. In all, 98% participants thought that antibiotic resistance is a national problem and 64% of the respondents thought that same problem also existed in their hospital. Study participants were of the view that 41%–60% of antibiotic usages are irrational in Bangladesh. Fifty-eight percent of the study population thought that antimicrobial resistance (AR) would be a greater problem in the future. Conclusion: The interns believe that there is a knowledge gap on AR. More emphasis should be given to AR and its implications in the undergraduate curriculum. Latest national and international guidelines for antimicrobial therapy and resistance should be made available to the interns. Keywords: interns, antibiotic, prescribing, resistance, Bangladesh, knowledge, perceptio
Kenelle maa kuuluu? Kansakuva Arvid Järnefeltin pamfletissa Maa kuuluu kaikille!
No full textTo whom the land belongs? The concept of people in Arvid Järnefelt’s pamphlet Maa kuuluu kaikille!
In his pamphlet Maa kuuluu kaikille! [The land belongs to everybody], published in 1907, the Finnish author Arvid Järnefelt stresses the ‘human rights’ of workers to utilize land. Published after a crofters’ strike and the large-scale eviction followed by it, the book took part in the debate on the societal power relations. Following the teachings of Leo Tolstoy, Järnefelt believed in the equality for all, regardless of wealth, education or class. In this article, Järnefelt’s pamphlet is analyzed as a variation of the early 20th century discussion on nation and people in Finland. The significance of the concept of ‘people’ was not fixed but under ongoing construction.
The article shows the ambivalent position of Järnefelt as the spokesman of the people. Järnefelt’s pamphlet is directed to the intelligentsia living in cities rather than the workers of the countryside. Järnefelt himself was a certain kind of hybrid, a member of the upper class ‘mimicking’ the workers. The power relations that Järnefelt sketches in his book resemble the hierarchy of centre and periphery as theorized in postcolonial criticism. When compared to previous discourses, the ideal yeoman that Järnefelt portrays in his pamphlet represents quite clearly a new kind of subject, who will refuse to work if his demands for justice are not dealt with. Although Järnefelt had an outsider’s view to the harsh reality of the farm workers, but his Tolstoyan message was definitely empowering
Central values of additive twists of Maa{\ss} forms -functions
No full text48 pagesIn the present paper we study the central values of additive twists of Maa{\ss} forms -series. In the case of the modular group, we show that the additive twists (when averaged over denominators) are asymptotically normally distributed. This supplements the recent work of Petridis--Risager which settled an averaged version of a conjecture of Mazur--Rubin concerning modular symbols. The methods of the present paper combine dynamical input due to Bettin and the first named author with the new fact that the additive twists define quantum modular forms in the sense of Zagier. This latter property is shown for a general discrete, co-finite group with cusps. Our results also has a number of arithmetic applications; in the case of Hecke congruence groups the quantum modularity implies certain reciprocity relations for twisted moments of twisted -automorphic -functions, extending results of Conrey and the second named author. In the case of cuspidal Maa{\ss} forms for the modular group, we also obtain a calculation of certain wide moments of twists of the -function of the Maa{\ss} form
Digitaalista taidetta - Smaugin autioittama maa
No full textOpinnäytetyöni aiheena on digitaalinen maalausprosessini, johon otan vaikutteita tulevasta Hobitti – Smaugin autioittama maa -fantasiaelokuvasta. Kuvaan ja analysoin tekniikoita, joita käytän kuvitusprosessissa. Tavoitteena oli tehdä visuaalisesti näyttäviä teoksia. Tein kolme keskeistä kuvitusta elokuvan maailmasta. Halusin saada näistä teoksista laadukkaat kokonaisuudet portfoliooni. Kerron kuvitusprosessista ja omasta tyylistäni kuvittajana. Pyrin kehittämään omaa teknistä osaamista ja luonnostelutyyliäni. Pohdin omaa kehitystäni digitaalisena kuvittajana. Kartoitin myös vahvuuksiani ja heikkouksiani.The subject of this thesis is a digital painting process inspired by the upcoming fantasy film The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug. In this thesis, the different techniques used during the illustration process will be described and analysed. The goal was to create visually spectacular works. Three key illustrations were created based on the film world to be included in the author’s portfolio. This thesis describes the illustration process and the author’s own style as an artist. In this thesis, the author’s technical and sketching skills will be developed and the development of digital illustrating skills will be discussed. The strengths and weaknesses of the author as an illustrator will also be handled
Intern doctors’ views on the current and future antibiotic resistance situation of Chattagram Maa O Shishu Hospital Medical College, Bangladesh
No full textBackground-Bacterial resistance due to antibiotic misuse is reported every day. Such threat calls for a consensus to develop new strategies to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria. Medical doctors must play a pivotal role to control and prevent the misuse of antibiotics. There were complaints that prescribers are lacking behind in updates and advancement in the field. To address such knowledge gap, a study was conducted to know the views of interns on the current antibiotic resistance situation in a teaching hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods-This study was a cross-sectional, randomized, and questionnaire-based survey. Interns of the medicine, gynecology, and surgery departments of Chattagram Maa O Shishu Hospital Medical College were the study population.
Results-Out of 50 respondents, 98% would like more education on antibiotic selection. All respondents believed that prescribing inappropriate or unnecessary antibiotics was professionally unethical. Ninety percent of the participants were confident in making an accurate diagnosis of infection. Eighty-four percent of them were confident about dosage schedule. In all, 98% participants thought that antibiotic resistance is a national problem and 64% of the respondents thought that same problem also existed in their hospital. Study participants were of the view that 41%–60% of antibiotic usages are irrational in Bangladesh. Fifty-eight percent of the study population thought that antimicrobial resistance (AR) would be a greater problem in the future.
Conclusion-The interns believe that there is a knowledge gap on AR. More emphasis should be given to AR and its implications in the undergraduate curriculum. Latest national and international guidelines for antimicrobial therapy and resistance should be made available to the interns
Evaluatie van de kwaliteitszorg voor de breuksteen voor de stormvloedkering Oosterschelde
No full textIn dit rapport is aangegeven hoe functionele eisen voor breuksteen moeten worden opgesteld, hoe de keuringseisen in de leveringsvoorwaarden moeten worden opgenomen en hoe dit in de praktijk is uitgewerkt.Deltawerke
Phosphorus recovery alternatives for sludge from chemical phosphorus removal processes – Technology comparison and system limitations
No full textFunding Information: The work and studies of the first author, including but not limited to this study, have been supported by Maa- ja Vesitekniikan tuki ry (MVTT). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)Several approaches have recently been proposed in the literature for P recovery after metal precipitation, but a robust comparison of these approaches in a techno-economic framework is still lacking. Five phosphorus recovery methods using sewage sludge or sludge ash as feed material were compared based on their specific operational recovery cost by scaling the processes to unified size and operational conditions. The selected technologies were (1) wet leaching + struvite precipitation, (2) magnetic vivianite separation, (3) sludge melt gasification, (4) the thermochemical sodium sulfate process, and (5) white phosphorus recovery. The analyses were based on the literature values in addition to a plant-wide model used to estimate chemical consumption and phosphorus and metal-related sludge properties. The technologies were assessed by operational cost, end-product quality, recovery efficiency, and technology maturity. The choice of the recovery process is dependent on the precipitant used in the wastewater treatment processes. Technologies using sewage sludge ash, (4) and (5), had the highest recovery efficiency, technical maturity, and product quality, but they require mono-incineration. Technology (3) had better recovery efficiency than (1), but the end-product had much lower P content. Technology (2) had the lowest recovery efficiency among all the compared technologies, however, it produced an end-product with the second highest P content. The operational costs were calculated for energy and chemical costs for same scale and operational conditions. The specific recovery cost ranges from 6 to 38 €/kgPrecovered.Peer reviewe
The Preparation of Internal Accounting Rules on the example of Uus Maa City OÜ
No full textKäesoleva lõputöö teemaks oli „Raamatupidamise sise-eeskirja koostamine Uus Maa City OÜ näitel“.
Raamatupidamise sise-eeskiri on ettevõtte üks tähtsamaid dokumente, mille alusel korraldatakse raamatupidamist ja raamatupidamisaruandluse koostamist ettevõttes. Sise-eeskirja kohustuslikkuse ja sisu määrab üldiselt ära raamatupidamise seaduse paragrahv 11.
Sise-eeskiri peab olema piisavalt põhjalik ja ajakohane, et pakkuda praktilist kasu ettevõtte sisestele ja välistele huvigruppidele nende töös. Mõistlik on nõutud eeskiri enda ettevõtte kasuks tööle panna, mitte suhtuda sise-eeskirja kui kohustuslikku bürokraatiasse.
Lõputöö eesmärk on koostada Uus Maa City OÜ-le raamatupidamise sise-eeskiri vastavalt Eesti finantsaruandluse standardile ja ettevõttes väljakujunenud raamatupidamiskorraldusele. Probleem seisneb selles, et väikeettevõttena kvalifitseeruval Uus Maa City OÜ-l puudub kohustuslik raamatupidamise sise-eeskiri.
Lõputöö tulemusel peab raamatupidamise sise-eeskiri sisaldama:
• üldsätetes tuleb anda ülevaade Ettevõttest, kasutatavast standardist, arvestuspõhimõtetest ja raamatupidamise töökorraldusest/vastutajatest. Samuti ka detailid kasutatava majandusaasta kohta. Oluline on ära määrata ka sise-eeskirja muutmise ja säilitamise kord;
• tuleb kirjeldada Ettevõtte nõudeid kontoplaanile ja Ettevõttes kasutusel olevat kontoplaani ning lisada kontoplaan koos kontode sisukirjeldusega sise-eeskirjale lisana;
• peavad olema kirjeldatud kõik antud Ettevõtte äriprotsessidest tulenevad majandustehingud ja nende dokumenteerimise kord koos algdokumentidele ja raamatupidamiskirjenditele kehtestatud nõuetega. Kindlasti peab olema kehtestatud ka dokumentide säilitamise kord ja dokumendikäibe eest vastutavad isikud;
• kajastada milliseid raamatupidamisprogramme kasutatakse, samuti nende otstarve ja toimingud. Kehtestatud peab olema ka vigade parandamise kord;
• kirja panna detailne tulude ja kulude kajastamise kord kasumiaruandes ja seda järjepidevalt kasutada, jälgides tulude ja kulude vastavuse printsiipi. Sise-eeskirjale lisada kontoplaan, kus tulude ja kulude kajastamine kasumiaruande kontodel detailselt kirjas. Samuti tuleb sise-eeskirjaga ära määrata, milline raamatupidamise seaduse alusel võimaldatud kasumiaruande skeem on Ettevõttes kasutusel;
• kehtestama raha arvestuse täpse korra, kus hoiab Ettevõte rahalisi vahendeid ja kellel on õigus rahaga arveldada. Lisaks peavad olema määratud vastutavad isikud ja rahaliste vahendite inventeerimise kord;
• kehtestama nõuete ja ettemaksete arvestuse ja kontode kasutamise kord. Oluline on määratleda ka nõuete ebatõenäoliseks ja lootusetuks muutumise korraldus Ettevõttes. Samuti tuleks kindlaks määrata aruandvate isikutega tehtavate tehingute väärtuse piirid ning aruannete esitamise sagedus;
• määrata Ettevõtte varudega seonduv raamatupidamiskorraldus;
• kindlaks määrata põhivarade arvestuspõhimõtted, liigitus ja määrade vahemikud ning amortisatsiooniarvestus. Samuti tuleb kehtestada ka piirmaksumus, mida ületades kapitaliseeritakse vara põhivaraks ning materiaalse põhivara arvele võtmise ja mahakandmise kord;
• kehtestada Ettevõtte lühi- ja pikaajaliste kohustiste hindamise kord koos liigituse ja süstematiseerimisega. Määrata vastutavad isikud ja kohustise inventeerimise kord.
• määratlema omakapitali koosseisu, osakapitali suuruse ning emiteerimise korra ja kasutatavad kontod. Samuti tuleb kehtestada omakapitali liikumiste ja väljamaksete kord ning dokumenteerimine;
• tuleb kajastada, milliseid aruandeid Ettevõtte koostab, nende koostamise ja esitamise kord ning tähtajad. Oluline on ka kindlaks määrata aruannete koostamise, kinnitamise ja esitamise eest vastutavad isikud;
• peavad olema välja toodud Ettevõttes kasutatavad sisekontrolli meetmed, nende rakendamise kord ja sagedus ning sisekontrolli eest vastutavad isikud.
Autori hinnangul on lõputöö eesmärk täidetud ja Ettevõtte nõutele vastav raamatupidamise sise-eeskiri on esitatud Ettevõtte juhatusele kinnitamiseks ning kasutusele võtmiseks.The topic of the thesis is ‘The Preparation of Internal Accounting Rules on the Example of Uus Maa City OÜ’.
Established in 2015, Uus Maa City OÜ is a small company engaged in residential real estate brokerage mainly in Harju County. Approximately 30 estate agents work for the company on the basis of an authorisation agreement.
The thesis comprises two chapters. The first chapter presents the methodology of the empirical study conducted as part of the thesis. In the second chapter, the requirements for internal accounting rules are identified, the accounting organisation of the company concerned and its compliance with requirements is described, and the author also makes suggestions for the preparation of internal rules.
The primary sources used in the thesis comprise the Accounting Act and the guidelines of the Accounting Standards Board. The main specialised sources include the books authored by Enno Lepvalts and Anu Allikvee, both titled Raamatupidamise sise-eeskirjade koostamine (Preparation of Internal Accounting Rules), as well as works by other authors in the field.
The problem is that Uus Maa City OÜ, which qualifies as a small company, does not have internal accounting rules in place. According to section 11 of the Accounting Act, the establishment of internal accounting rules is mandatory.
The aim of the thesis is to draw up internal accounting rules for Uus Maa City OÜ in accordance with the Estonian financial reporting standard and the organisation of accounting established in the company.
To this end, the author has set the following tasks:
• develop a methodology for conducting the empirical study;
• identify principles and requirements for the preparation of internal accounting rules based on legislation and theoretical sources;
• determine, by means of a study, the current situation / working methods regarding the organisation of accounting in the company;
• analyse the situation;
• prepare the internal accounting rules based on theoretical foundations and the organisation of accounting in the company, then present the rules to the company’s management for approval and implementation.
A deductive strategy is employed. The aim of the thesis is achieved through an empirical study, with the use of the quantitative research method.
The primary methods of data collection involve document review supplemented by semi-structured interviews for further clarifications. A comparative method is used for data analysis: the data obtained through document review and semi-structured interviews is compared with the requirements arising from the Estonian financial reporting standard.
Based on the conclusions of the analysis, internal accounting rules are prepared for Uus Maa City OÜ in accordance with the Estonian financial reporting standard and the organisation of accounting established in the company
Cyclone vulnerability assessment of the western coast of Bangladesh
No full text© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Coastal Bangladesh is one of the hotspots of tropical cyclone’s landfall in South Asia. A spatial vulnerability assessment is required to formulate disaster risk reduction strategies. This study develops a comprehensive tropical cyclone vulnerability mapping approach by applying Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and geospatial techniques and examines the spatial distribution of tropical cyclone vulnerability in the western coastal region of Bangladesh. We have selected 18 spatial criteria under the physical, social, and mitigation capacity categories as the components of vulnerability. Results indicate that the southern and south-eastern peripheral areas exhibit higher vulnerability to tropical cyclones since these areas comprise low elevation, gentle slope, closeness to the sea, a high number of historical cyclone tracks, vulnerable land cover classes (settlements and crops land), and poor socio-economic structures. These areas cover most of the Barguna, Khulna, Bagerhat, Jhalokati, and southern parts of Satkhira, and Pirojpur districts. The existing mitigation capacity measures, for example, the construction of cyclone shelters, embankments, road networks, and effective warning systems in these areas are not adequate levels. The findings would be useful for policymakers and local authorities in formulating appropriate cyclone risk mitigation plans in coastal Bangladesh
Assessment of Urban Green Space Dynamics in Dhaka South City Corporation of Bangladesh Using Geospatial Techniques
No full textGreen spaces play a critical role in enhancing the urban environment, improving livability, and providing essential ecosystem services. A city should have at least 25% green space from an environmental and health point of view. However, quantitative estimation is required to assess the extent and pattern of green space changes for proper urban management. The present study aimed to identify and track the changes in urban green spaces within the Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) of Bangladesh over a 30-year period (i.e., 1991–2021). Geospatial techniques were utilized to analyze green space dynamics using Landsat 4–5 TM satellite images from 1991, 2001, and 2011 and Landsat 8 images from 2021. Supervised image classification techniques and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis were performed to assess the urban green space dynamics in DSCC. The results of our study revealed a significant 36.5% reduction in vegetation cover in the DSCC area over the study period. In 1991, the green area coverage in DSCC was 46%, indicating a relatively healthy environment. By 2001, this coverage had declined sharply to 21.3%, further decreasing to 19.7% in 2011, and reaching a low of just 9.5% in 2021. The classified maps generated in the study were validated through field observations and Google Earth images. The outcomes of our study will be helpful for policymakers and city planners in developing and applying appropriate policies and plans to preserve and improve urban green spaces in DSCC in Bangladesh and other Asian megacities with high population density
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