1,074 research outputs found
Selection of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in myxosporean (Myxozoa, Cnidaria) parasites
No full textMyxozoans (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) are an extremely diversified group of endoparasites some of which are causative agents of serious diseases in fish. New methods involving gene expression studies have emerged over the last years to better understand and control myxozoan diseases. Quantitative RT-PCR is the most extensively used approach for gene expression studies. However, the accuracy of the results depends on the normalization of the data to reference genes. We studied the expression of eight commonly used reference genes, adenosylhomocysteinase (AHC1), beta actin (ACTB), eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (EF2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1), DNA-directed RNA polymerase II (RPB2), 18S ribosomal RNA (18S), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S) across different developmental stages of three myxozoan species, Sphaerospora molnari, Myxobolus cerebralis and Ceratonova shasta, representing the three major myxozoan linages from the largest class Myxosporea. The stable reference genes were identified using four algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, Bestkeeper and ΔCq method. Additionally, we analyzed transcriptomic data from S. molnari proliferative and spore-forming stages to compare the relative amount of expressed transcripts with the most stable reference genes suggested by RT-qPCR. Our results revealed that GAPDH and EF2 are the most uniformly expressed genes across the different developmental stages of the studied myxozoan species.Fil: Kosakyan, Anush. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology; República ChecaFil: Alama Bermejo, Gema. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni". - Provincia de Río Negro. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni". Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni"; Argentina. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology; República Checa. State University of Oregon; Estados UnidosFil: Bartošová-Sojková, Pavla. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology; República ChecaFil: Born-Torrijos, Ana. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology; República ChecaFil: Šíma, Radek. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology; República ChecaFil: Nenarokova, Anna. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology; República Checa. University of South Bohemia; República ChecaFil: Eszterbauer, Edit. Hungarian Academy Of Sciences; HungríaFil: Bartholomew, Jerri. State University of Oregon; Estados UnidosFil: Holzer, Astrid Sybylle. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology; República Chec
RNAi-directed knockdown in the cnidarian fish blood parasite Sphaerospora molnari
No full textAbstract RNA interference (RNAi) is an effective approach to suppress gene expression and monitor gene regulation. Despite its wide application, its use is limited in certain taxonomic groups, including cnidarians. Myxozoans are a unique group of cnidarian parasites that diverged from their free-living ancestors about 600 million years ago, with several species causing acute disease in farmed and wild fish populations. In this pioneering study we successfully applied RNAi in blood stages of the myxozoan Sphaerospora molnari, combining a dsRNA soaking approach, real-time PCR, confocal microscopy, and Western blotting. For proof of concept, we knocked down two unusual actins, one of which is known to play a critical role in S. molnari cell motility. We observed intracellular uptake of dsRNA after 30 min and accumulation in all cells of the typical myxozoan cell-in-cell structure. We successfully knocked down actin in S. molnari in vitro, with transient inhibition for 48 h. We observed the disruption of the cytoskeletal network within the primary cell and loss of the characteristic rotational cell motility. This RNAi workflow could significantly advance functional research within the Myxozoa, offering new prospects for investigating therapeutic targets and facilitating drug discovery against economically important fish parasites
Astrid Lindgren and the Archives
No full textThe author Astrid Lindgren (1907-2002) is for many Swedes a genuine national icon. On several occasions, when the most popular and influential Swede is to be announced, Astrid Lindgren’s name is always one of the top names. Astrid Lindgren is for the Swedes known not only as a famous author, but also as a person who spoke out on things she found wrong in the Swedish society. In the history of Swedish literature 1945 is usually regarded as a milestone and Astrid Lindgren’s book Pippi Longstocking was published and revolutionised both children’s literature and the attitude to children and their upbringing. Astrid Lindgren also worked as editor-in-chief for the publishing house Rabén & Sjögren from 1946 to 1970 and for almost a quarter of a century she was responsible for the children’s literature while at the same time she was in practise her own editor. Today, ten years after she passed away 94 years old, her remaining papers, letters and manuscripts are kept in different archives where interesting research can be carried out. There is a substantial amount of material from her rich and prolific life and in this article I wish to illustrate how this material can be used to provide a deeper knowledge of Astrid Lindgren as a person and as an editor.</p
Advances and Discoveries in Myxozoan Genomics
No full textMyxozoans are highly diverse and globally distributed cnidarian endoparasites in freshwater and marine habitats. They have adopted a heteroxenous life cycle, including invertebrate and fish hosts, and have been associated with diseases in aquaculture and wild fish stocks. Despite their importance, genomic resources of myxozoans have proven difficult to obtain due to their miniaturized and derived genome character and close associations with fish tissues. The first ‘omic’ datasets have now become the main resource for a better understanding of host–parasite interactions, virulence, and diversity, but also the evolutionary history of myxozoans. In this review, we discuss recent genomic advances in the field and outline outstanding questions to be answered with continuous and improved efforts of generating myxozoan genomic data.Fil: Alama Bermejo, Gema. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology; República Checa. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni". - Provincia de Río Negro. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni". Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni"; ArgentinaFil: Holzer, Astrid Sybylle. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology; República Chec
Astrid Lindgren : Author and Publishing Editor
No full textI den tryckt boken felaktigt ISBN 978-91-89460-13-3 (print), 978-91-89460-14-0 (pdf)</p
Astrid Lindgren : Author and Publishing Editor
No full textI den tryckt boken felaktigt ISBN 978-91-89460-13-3 (print), 978-91-89460-14-0 (pdf)</p
Astrid Lindgren : Author and Publishing Editor
No full textI den tryckt boken felaktigt ISBN 978-91-89460-13-3 (print), 978-91-89460-14-0 (pdf)</p
Business Model Innovation and the Impact of Globalization
No full textAuthor Astrid LechnerMasterarbeit Universität Linz 201
Astrid Lindgrens tänder
No full textArtikeln visar hur författaren skapar komiska situationer kring tänder och tandvård. Artikeln behandlar också allmänt temat Att gå till tandläkaren inom barnlitteraturen.The article shows how the author creates comical situations around teeth and dental care. The article also generally deals with the theme Going to the dentist, in children's literature.</p
Astrid Lindgren oggi. Spunti per una riflessione
No full textThe Author does a study in deep about the charming work of Astrid Lindgren. Her books rapresent a widening of social childhood, and we can find some marks of fantastic mind and unconventional behaviour in them. The Author underlines the actuality of Lindgren’s literature
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