5,514 research outputs found
Nieuwe vormen van sociale mobiliteit of een reproductie van ongelijkheden?: Reflecties op migratie, gender, ras/etniciteit en klasse in het betaald huishoudelijk werk in de platformeconomie
Get PDFBetaald huishoudelijk werk is volgens velen de hardst groeiende sector in de platformeconomie in geïndustrialiseerde landen. Werk in de platformeconomie wordt echter vaak slecht betaald en kent een groot gebrek aan rechtsbescherming en baanzekerheid. Tegelijkertijd bieden platformen aan gemarginaliseerde groepen op de arbeidsmarkt, zoals ongeschoolden, geracialiseerde minderheden, migranten en personen die zorg voor het gezin combineren met werk (vaak vrouwen), juist ook nieuwe mogelijkheden voor werk en inkomen. Dit werpt de vraag op die centraal staat in deze bijdrage: in hoeverre weten platformen ongelijkheden op basis van gender, ras/etniciteit, klasse en migratiestatus te reproduceren, te transformeren of tegen te gaan? Reflecterend op empirische studies uitgevoerd naar betaald huishoudelijk werk in de platformeconomie in de VS, Zuid-Afrika en noordse landen, stelt deze bijdrage bescheiden voor dat huishoudelijk werk in de platformeconomie ondergewaardeerd is – net zoals de sector van oudsher werd ondergewaardeerd – en gekenmerkt wordt door sociale ongelijkheid tussen werkers en klanten. Het is echter essentieel dat ervoor gewaakt wordt dat platformen ongelijkheden niet verder vergroten door verdergaande controle op werkers door het gebruik van weinig transparante en discriminerende algoritmes in het mediëren van vraag en aanbod
(Shared) ethnicity in ethnographic research on clandestine and informal practices in the migrant and ethnic minority economy:Methodological and ethical challenges
Get PDFThis article addresses the methodological and ethical challenges of ethnographicresearch on sensitive topics such as clandestine practices in the migrant andethnic minority economy. Drawing on related criminological and sociology ofdeviance literature I draw on my experiences of insider-ethnographic research inthe Chinese migrant and ethnic minority economy in the Netherlands and Romaniato demonstrate how stigmas related to race/ethnicity and clandestine practices canstrongly shape access, rapport and researcher’s positionality in the field. Researchparticipants’ concerns about these stigmas also revealed ethical questions on howto report on clandestine and informal practices without contributing to furtherstigmatisation and racialisation. At the same time, my experiences show that whetherclandestine practices and race/ethnicity are considered sensitive topics is an emergentissue. In the Netherlands, due to active enforcement of clandestine practices in themigrant and ethnic minority economy, these practices were a sensitive topic ofinquiry. In Romania, by contrast, clandestine practices were not treated as sensitivesubject matter as these were normalised by research participants and broaderRomanian society, due to a lack of active enforcement and criminalisation
A Study of the Nian-fo-jing (Buddha-Recitation Mirror)
No full textWritten by late-Tang Pure Land monks in a question-and-answer format to propagate Pure Land Buddhism, Nian-fo-jing devotes itself to "resolving doubts and arousing faith" and addresses many questions regarding the Pure Land Doctrine, promoting Pure Land teachings and its exceptionality and superiority among other Buddhist practices. This five-chapter thesis focuses on various aspects of Nian-fo-jing, including its title, author, time period written, extant versions, structure, and inherent doctrine.
Firstly, the "Introduction" outlines the research purposes and objectives, provides a literature survey, and explains the approach used and the overall structure of the thesis.
In the second chapter, "Exploring the text of Nian-fo-jing," extant versions of Nian-fo-jing are juxtaposed for comparison, and the title of the scripture is examined. The identity of author of Nian-fo-jing and the time period in which the scripture was written were also clarified through investigating related studies of modern scholars.
The third chapter, "The Structure and Content of Nian-fo-jing," points out the significance of the organization of chapters by employing the Buddhist approach of kepan, or structural analysis of the text, and demonstrating the "text structure of Nian-fo-jing " and the "comprehensive structure of content." The eleven divisions in the scripture are explored for comprehension and interpretation of the doctrine and issues.
The fourth chapter, "'Gongde' and Nian-fo-jing," explores gongde, or "merit," in Nian-fo-jing mainly in terms of doctrine, elucidating what the concept of gongde is, how it is understood, and what its meaning is with regard to the Pure Land practice. The background of gongde culture of Nian-fo-jing is also explored to reveal possible reasons leading to the emphasis of gongde as means of propagation and its significance.
The concluding chapter briefly summarizes significant findings in this thesis and identifies directions for future research
The music idea, music aesthetics and writing skills of the composition JING.
No full textAbstract
This thesis discusses the music idea, music aesthetics and writing skills of the author\ue2s composition JING. The music idea and aesthetics of the JING are inspired by Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. The common important issue that these three isms concern about and also the point inspires the author is Nature. The author uses Repetition as the music writing skills to represent the constancy of the nature. In other words, music repetition and the variation of the repetition is what the author wants to experiment in the composition JING. In order to learn how the repetition used and represents the Nature in the three isms, the author also studies and analyzes important ritual music for the rites of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Furthermore the author discusses how repetition works and means in western music. Concluding the discussions on the three pieces of ritual music and the western music, the author comes out her own point of view which becomes the important material and creating process in JING.
JING is consisted of three movements. The first movement is JI, the second is ZHI, and the third is JIE. Although the three movements are titled differently, the points that the author wants to present are all the same and is about Constant Nature. The author experiments the skills of repetition in the piece throughout to show her intention for understanding Constancy of Nature
Surveillance en controle als work based harms
Get PDFBased on a literature review and reflections on twenty qualitative interviews with (undocumented) women migrants active in paid domestic work in the platform economy in London, the United Kingdom, this contribution explores (digital) surveillance and worker control as work-based harms in the platform economy. It finds that paid domestic work, due to its siting in the private household and its prioritizing of personal relationships and trust, is less suited for the impersonal logic of algorithms and surveillance that generally characterizes working relations in the platform economy. At the same time, inequalities that traditionally structure employment relations in the sector of paid domestic work are still reproduced by platforms despite their potential to contribute to more job mobility and better access to work and employment
The Dunhuang Manuscript Version of a Synopsis of the Yu zhu jinggang bore jing xuan yan and Its Author
Get PDF110009359848The present paper investigates a synoptic text, surviving only in Dunhuang manuscript fragments (Stein Nos 8044, 8166, and 9723 衾all part of the same scroll), dealing with the Yu zhu jingang bore jing xuan yan御註金剛般若經宣演, the work of Daoyin 道氤(668-740), a scholar-monk active during the Kaiyuan開元era.My examination of the content and form of the extant fragments leads me to conclude that this must be a synopsis compiled on the basis of the Jingang ying, a commentary to the Yu zhu jingang bore jing xuan yan. We know from Yitianʼs 義天Xin bian zhu zong jiao zang zong lu 新編諸宗教藏總録that a synoptic text called Yu zhu jingang bore jing xuan yan ke 御註金剛般若經宣演科, in two scrolls, was composed by Quanming 詮明, a scholar-monk who lived under the Liao 遼Dynasty. The text, however, has not been indentified so far. My investigation raises the possibility that the author of the above Dunhuang manuscript fragments might be no other than Quanming. These materials thus become very important sources not only for our understanding of the influence exerted by the Yu zhu jingang bore jing xuan yan ke and the Jingang ying on later Chinese Buddhism but also for the study of Quanmingʼs work and thought.departmental bulletin pape
The client side of everyday corruption in Central and Eastern Europe: The case of Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Romania
Get PDFThis article provides an in-depth understanding of the corruption experiences of migrant
entrepreneurs in transition economies. Drawing from ethnographic research, including 50
qualitative interviews with Chinese migrant entrepreneurs active in wholesale markets, nongovernmental organizations, and supervisory agencies in Romania, this article demonstrates that
normalization of corruption by migrant entrepreneurs should be understood in the historical
context of the wholesale market as a product of post-1989 transition in Central and Eastern
Europe. At a social-interactional level, normalization of corruption is revealed through how
migrants use decriminalizing language to refer to corruption and perceive corruption as a
survival strategy by public officials. Moreover, the legal and outsider status of migrants and their
knowledge of the language, rules and laws further determine migrants’ position as clients of ‘on
the spot’ corruption
Qing jing ye chu 清浄業処 in the Guan-Wu-Liang-Shou-Jing
Get PDFScholarly opinion differ as to whether the Guan wu liang shou jing was composed in India, China or Central Asia. The sutra's use of the term qing jing ye chu is cited as one evidence for the sutra's Indian origin. However, there are different position concerning the interpretation of this term, and no definitive theory has emerged. In my paper, I consider the various points of contention concerning this term. Dr. Hayashima Kyosho was the first to focus on the term qing jing ye chu to discuss the composition of the Guan jingo He took qing jing ye chu as being related to the term kammatthana (ye chu) used in Pali Buddhism to refer to the object of meditation or the method of meditative contemplation. For this reason, he argued that the sutra was composed in India. His theory was supported by Dr. Hirakawa Akira. In contrast, Dr. Fujita K6tatsu questioned the views of Drs. Hayashima and Hirakawa, arguing that there is no proof that ye chu is a translation of kammatthana, technical term distinctive to Pali Buddhism, and hence that it is impossible to argue for the Indian origin of the sutra on the basis of this term alone. The present author agrees with Dr. Fujita's view. To be more specific, there is no example of the Pali Buddhist term kammatthana, which refers to the object of meditation or its method, being translated as ye chu. It is quite possible that it is nothing more than the modern Japanese translation of kammatthana. In my paper, I consider the Guan jing's qing jing ye chu from the following four perspectives: (1) the usage of the terms qing jing ye and jing ye, (2) the usage of the term chu, (3) the context in which the term is used, and (4) the usage of the terms guan, jian 見 and xiang 想. My conclusion is as follows. When considering the Guan jing's qing jing ye chu, there is no need to stick to the Pali Buddhist kammatthana (object of meditation), as Drs. Hayashima and Hirakawa do. This is because the same meaning can be drawn from among the examples of the Guan jing. Therefore, it is impossible to use the term qing jing ye chu as evidence for the Indian origin of the Guan jingo But on the other hand, this is not to say that qing jing ye chu cannot be understood to mean the object of meditation. Thus, apart from the method of Drs. Hayashima and Hirakawa, it is possible to interpret qing jing ye chu as object of meditation from the examples of the Guan jingo In any case, it is not necessary to consider the Pali Buddhist term kammatthana as corresponding to the Guan jing's qing jing ye chu
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