737 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - Poor Translatability of Biomedical Research Using Animals — A Narrative Review
No full textSupplemental Material for Poor Translatability of Biomedical Research Using Animals — A Narrative Review by Lindsay J. Marshall, Jarrod Bailey, Manuela Cassotta, Kathrin Herrmann and Francesca Pistollato in Alternatives to Laboratory Animals</p
How do we share knowledge? : a comparison between narratives and drawings
No full textAuthor Kathrin MaaßAbstract in englischer SpracheMasterarbeit Universität Linz 201
The Sensorium of the Drone and the Modeling of Communities
No full textAs sensorial machine-human assemblages, drones are involved with cultural affects, technological materialities, and political discourses. Hence drones are not just technical instruments; they are interconnected with discourse. This talk will trace the world-making powers of drone technology in order to address how the sensorium of the drone can work as a model for imagining communities. The military drone is often characterized as shaping communities based on exclusion. This lecture, however, focuses on the civilian drone. Although the boundaries between the war drone and the ‘good drone’ are always blurred, artistic negotiations with the civilian drone can unleash the creative and speculative potential of this surveillance technology. By disrupting the predictive and networked operations of the drone, artworks about drones can break, reuse, and recycle the drone’s community-modelling powers in the contexts of social activism, eco-criticism, and post-humanism. Examples of contemporary aesthetic drone imaginaries that are connected with planetary, pandemic, and swarm-like communities will be discussed. Kathrin Maurer (PhD; Dr. Phil.) is Professor of Humanities and Technology at the University of Southern Denmark (Odense, DK). Her research focuses on bio-machines, surveillance technology, drones, and visual culture. She is the PI of the projects ‘The Aesthetics of Bio-Machines and the Question of Life’ (The Velux Foundation, 2023–2027) and ‘Drone Imaginaries and Communities’ (Independent Research Foundation Denmark, 2020–2023) as well as the leader of the University of Southern Denmark’s Center for Culture and Technology. She is the author of the monograph The Sensorium of the Drone and Communities (MIT Press, 2023) and she co-edited the collected volumes Drone Imaginaries: The Power of Remote Vision (Manchester University Press, 2020) and Visualizing War: Emotions, Technologies, Communities (Routledge, 2018). She has a background in German Studies and has published on nineteenth-century visual culture, historical prose, and travel literature
Development of neurons in the ectostriatum of normal and monocularly deprived zebra finches: a quantitative Golgi study
No full textHerrmann K, Bischof H-J. Development of neurons in the ectostriatum of normal and monocularly deprived zebra finches: a quantitative Golgi study. The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 1988;277(1):141-154.The postnatal development of the main neuron type in the ectostriatum, the telencephalic station of the tectofugal pathway, was followed in normally reared and monocularly deprived zebra finches by using the Golgi method. Three parameters were investigated: dendritic field radius, branching index, and spine density. The results show that all three exhibit the same developmental trend - namely, an increase from day 5 until day 20, followed by a subsequent reduction until adulthood (>100 days). Monocular deprivation from birth until day 20, 40, or at least 100 does not seem to interfere with the development of the dendritic field radius or branching index. Clear changes in spine density result from depriving the birds for at least 40 days. In these birds, neurons in the deprived hemisphere bear significantly fewer spines than those in the nondeprived hemisphere, which is mainly due to a lack of normally occurring spine reduction in the nondeprived hemisphere rather than to spine reduction in the deprived hemisphere
Isolation-dependent enhancement of 14C-2-deoxyglucose uptake in the forebrain of zebra finch males
No full textBischof H-J, Herrmann K. Isolation-dependent enhancement of 14C-2-deoxyglucose uptake in the forebrain of zebra finch males. Behavioral and Neural Biology. 1988;49(3):386-397.In a previous study (H. J. Bischof and K. Herrmann (1986), Behavioral Brain Research, 21, 215-221) we demonstrated that four forebrain areas of the zebra finch male are activated in situations which arouse the animal, for example when the birds are chased around the cage or when they are exposed to a female. These areas, the hyperstriatum accessorium-dorsale (HAD), a part of the medial neo-hyperstriatum (MNH), the lateral neo-hyperstriatum (LNH), and a portion of the caudal archi-neostriatum (ANC), show enhanced 2-[14C]deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake according to the experimental situation. On the basis of these experiments, we examined whether the activation of the areas is correlated with motor activity and is influenced by different isolation times prior to a 2-DG experiment, where courtship of the male birds is elicited by exposing them to a female zebra finch. For this purpose, we isolated male zebra finches for 1 day, 1 week, or 8 weeks, respectively, before we injected the 2-DG and exposed the birds to a female. During the experiment, besides other activities, the number of song motifs performed by the bird and the frequency of changing perches was recorded. Our experiments demonstrate that there is a weak negative correlation between motor activity and 2-DG uptake, and a positive correlation between isolation time and 2-DG uptake. We suggest that long isolation blocks courtship behavior by some unknown mechanisms, and that the "internal drive" of the animal, which possibly corresponds with the activity of the four forebrain areas, is enhanced by isolation and by the fact that the birds do not perform the consummatory behavior. Our results also demonstrate that the 2-DG method can show up small differences in the internal state of an animal, which cannot easily be detected by behavioral measurements
The sensitive period for the morphological effects of monocular deprivation in two nuclei of the tectofugal pathway of zebra finches
No full textHerrmann K, Bischof H-J. The sensitive period for the morphological effects of monocular deprivation in two nuclei of the tectofugal pathway of zebra finches. Brain Research. 1988;451(1-2):43-53.Previous experiments with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) suggested the existence of a critical previous termperiodnext term for the effects of monocular deprivation in the nucleus rotundus of zebra finches. The present study concerns the time course of this sensitive period for the morphological effects of monocular deprivation in two areas of the tectofugal visual pathway of zebra finches, the nucleus rotundus of the thalamus and the telencephalic ectostriatum. Cell size and volume changes were measured in birds subjected to 40 days of unilateral eye closure starting at ages spaced regularly throughout the first 70 days of life. The results show that monocular deprivation markedly affects cell size in both areas if the treatment starts at one or 10 days posthatch. The differences between deprived and non-deprived neurons decline monotonically with increasing visual experience prior to deprivation. However, deprivation onset at day 40 again causes as severe effects as early monocular closure. Deprivation as from day 50 or later no longer leads to abnormalities. The measurements of the volume of the nucleus rotundus parallel the cell size measurements, with the exception that the second increase in sensitivity occurs with deprivation onset at day 50 instead of day 40. These data indicate that the time course of the sensitive period for the effects of monocular deprivation may be double-peaked: the sensitivity for external stimuli declines from hatch until day 30, but has another peak at 40–50 days of life. The definite end of the sensitive period, as determined with this method, can therefore be assumed to be at around day 50–60
Same but different? : Exploring workers' antecedents to employee-driven innovation
No full textAuthor Ann-Kathrin Salmen, BAMasterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2024Arbeit nach Ablauf der Sperre auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
Handle with Care : Implementation of the List Experiment and Crosswise Model in a Large-Scale Survey on Academic Misconduct
No full textAcknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers as well as Alexander Ehlert, Isabel Raabe, and Justus Rathmann for their concise comments and constructive feedback on our work. Co-authors in alphabetical order. Study Design: Julia Jerke, David Johann, Heiko Rauhut, Kathrin Thomas, Antonia Velicu. Coding and Analysis: Julia Jerke, David Johann, Kathrin Thomas, Antonia Velicu. First draft: Julia Jerke, Heiko Rauhut, Kathrin Thomas, Antonia Velicu. Revisions: David Johann, Kathrin Thomas, Antonia Velicu. Final approval of the paper: Julia Jerke, David Johann, Heiko Rauhut, Kathrin Thomas, Antonia Velicu. Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Starting Grant “CONCISE” BSSGIO 155981 of Heiko Rauhut.Peer reviewe
Ergebnisbericht 2022 St. Gallen: Motorische Basiskompetenzen in Kindergärten und Primarschulen der Stadt St. Gallen
No full textFabian Büchel*, Sonja Büchel *, Petra Müller **, Jacqueline Perret *, Kathrin Bretz ***, Jürgen Kühnis ****, Harald Seelig *****, Ilaria Ferrari***, Christian Herrmann ***:
*Institut Schule und Profession (ISP-PHSG), Pädagogische Hochschule St.Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen
**Dienststelle Sport, Purzelbaum, Bewegungsförderung, 9004 St. Gallen
***Forschungsgruppe Didaktik Bewegung und Sport, Pädagogische Hochschule Zürich, 8090 Zürich
****Fachkern Bewegung und Sport, Pädagogische Hochschule Schwyz, 6410 Goldau
*****Department für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, 4052 BaselMotorische Basiskompetenzen (MOBAK) stellen eine zentrale Voraussetzung für die Teilhabean der Bewegungs- und Sportkultur dar und sind in den sprachregionalen Schweizer Lehrplänenverankert. Im Rahmen der vom schweizerischen Nationalfonds (SNF) unterstützten Studie EMOKK «Entwicklung motorischer Basiskompetenzen in der Kindheit: Bedeutung schulischerund ausserschulischer Aspekte» wurden in der Stadt St. Gallen zwischen dem 21. Märzund dem 8. April 2022 die motorischen Basiskompetenzen von Kindergarten- (4-6 Jahre, n =208) und Primarschulkindern (6-8 Jahre, n = 177) erfasst, um potenziellen Förderbedarf zuidentifizieren. Da die motorischen Leistungen erheblich von verschiedenen individuellen Merkmalenabhängen, werden im vorliegenden Bericht der Zusammenhang mit dem Geschlechtsowie dem Alter differenziert dargestellt. Der vorliegende Bericht orientiert sich am ErgebnisberichtMOBAK-Monitoring 2021 (Herrmann et al., 2021). Er beinhaltet die Querschnitt-Ergebnissezum Messzeitpunkt 2022. Ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse ist auf Basis der beiden Berichtemöglich.Publishe
Effects of monocular deprivation in the nucleus rotundus of zebra finches: a Nissl and deoxyglucose study
No full textHerrmann K, Bischof H-J. Effects of monocular deprivation in the nucleus rotundus of zebra finches: a Nissl and deoxyglucose study. Experimental Brain Research. 1986;64(1):119-126.We evaluated in zebra finches the effects of monocular deprivation on morphological and physiological features of the nucleus rotundus, the thalamic relay station of the tectofugal pathway. In a first series of experiments neuron size and total volume were estimated in animals deprived for 20, 40 and at least 100 days and compared to values obtained from normally reared birds. Monocular closure for more than 40 days causes a marked hypertrophy in cells receiving their main input from the open eye, whereas the deprived cells are normal in size. However, with only 20 days of monocular deprivation both deprived and non-deprived rotundal neurons are larger than normal. This indicates that monocular closure has a biphasic effect: firstly, an unselective hypertrophy of deprived and non-deprived neurons, and secondly, a subsequent period of shrinkage of the deprived cells to normal values, while cells driven by the open eye remain hypertrophied. The total volume of the deprived n. rotundus turns out to be smaller in all age groups. In a second series of experiments the activity of the n. rotundus of animals monocularly deprived from birth for 100 days was investigated with the 2-deoxyglucose-method (Sokoloff et al. 1977). With binocular stimulation the activity of the deprived n. rotundus was reduced by about 40%. Depriving adult animals for 100 days does not result in asymmetric labeling of the n. rotundus. We interpretate the 2-DG data as evidence for the existence of a sensitive period for the effects of monocular deprivation. The anatomical data suggest, however, that the effects of monocular deprivation in birds are different from those observed in mammals
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