1,342 research outputs found
Ck-Log, A Calculus for Knowledge Processing in Logic
No full textThis paper introduces the principal concepts in the organization and operation of the logic based knowledge processing system, called CK-LOG (A Calculus for Knowledge in Logics). CK-LOG uses the frame based system MDS (the Meta Description System) for knowledge representation and for modeling world states. It uses an inference engine based on Natural Deduction for stating and solving problems. As a knowledge processing system CK-LOG has several capabilities, which are new to the technology of knowledge representation systems: CK-LOG has special facilities to represent and reason about actions and their time dependencies. Actions that occur in a world state may create or destroy objects in the world or modify their properties, or prevent or support other actions. The effects of actions are described in CK-LOG using modal operators like CREATE, DESTROY, PREVENT, SUPPORT, KEEP, etc. These operator expressions are also used to represent and reason about possible worlds that the actions might lead to. Most significantly, CK-LOG is a logic-based knowledge processing system, just as PROLOG is logic based programming system. CK-LOG uses a three valued logical system with truth values T (true),? (Unknown) and F (false) to build partial models of world states, and the two valued logic's system of T and F in its theorem proving System. The use of the three valued logical system in its models of world states enables CK-LOG to do problem solving in the context of incomplete information about world states. The theorem proving system of CK-LOG uses a variant of the calculus of sequents first proposed by Kanger (which itself is a variant of Gentzen's system). The two variations in CK-LOG are, (i). the use of a new algorithm called the mating algorithm for testing proof terminations, and (ii) the use of specialized inference rules for reasoning about modal expressions using the possible world semantics.. The mating algorithm gives the theorem proving system of CK-LOG several new capabilities: to identify information that is pertinent to a given problem and retrieve it from its knowledge base, to update its models of possible worlds during the problem solving process based on the findings of the theorem proving system, to use these models of world states to test proof terminations, and to generate hypotheses during the problem solving process that are based on unknown information. These various features of CK-LOG are described here. The paper concludes with a discussion of the logic of frames as used in CK-LOG and establishes a condition called locality condition as a sufficient condition for creating knowledge representations with requisite completeness.Technical report DCS-TR-15
Highly parallel and energy-efficient exhaustive minimum distance search engine using hybrid digital/analog circuit techniques
No full textA minimum distance search engine (MDSE) is presented as a hardware. accelerator for various exhaustive pattern-matching systems. This chip executes highly parallel computations of L-1-norms between an input query and stored multiple reference records, and searches for the minimum distance among them in a highly parallel fashion. Our architectural-level estimation shows that this MDSE can reduce energy dissipation by orders of magnitude as the number of records increases, compared with the conventional systems. We have designed a prototype 4-bit 8-word MDSE composed of merged memory logic (MML) and digital/analog-mixed winner-take-all circuit (DAM-WTAC) by using hybrid digital/analog circuit techniques. It was fabricated with a 0.6-mum single-poly triple-metal CMOS technology. Experimental results show that our chip works properly at 3 V/10 MM and has approximately four times larger throughput as well as four times higher energy efficiency, compared with the existing 8-bit microcontrollers.The author would like to thank MICROS, IDEC and Samsung Electronics
Company for their support. They would also like to thank the
reviewers for their valuable comments and Dr. K. Kim, Samsung Electronics
Company, for useful discussion
Variability study of Si nanowire FETs with different junction gradients
No full textRandom dopant fluctuation effects of gate-all-around Si nanowire field-effect transistors (FETs) are investigated in terms of different diameters and junction gradients. The nanowire FETs with smaller diameters or shorter junction gradients increase relative variations of the drain currents and the mismatch of the drain currents between source-drain and drain-source bias change in the saturation regime. Smaller diameters decreased current drivability critically compared to standard deviations of the drain currents, thus inducing greater relative variations of the drain currents. Shorter junction gradients form high potential barriers in the source-side lightly-doped extension regions at on-state, which determines the magnitude of the drain currents and fluctuates the drain currents greatly under thermionic-emission mechanism. On the other hand, longer junction gradients affect lateral field to fluctuate the drain currents greatly. These physical phenomena coincide with correlations of the variations between drain currents and electrical parameters such as threshold voltages and parasitic resistances. The nanowire FETs with relatively-larger diameters and longer junction gradients without degrading short channel characteristics are suggested to minimize the relative variations and the mismatch of the drain currents. (C) 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).1163Ysciescopu
Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) produced by Paraburkholderia phenazinium CK-PC1 aids postgermination growth of Xyris complanata seedlings with germination induced by Penicillium rolfsii Y-1
No full textSymbiosis of Penicillium rolfsii Y-1 is essential for the seed germination of Hawaii yellow-eyed grass (Xyris complanata). However, the local soil where the plants grow naturally often suppresses the radicle growth of the seedlings. This radicle growth was drastically restored by coinoculation of Paraburkholderia phenazinium isolate CK-PC1, which is a rhizobacterium of X. complanata. It was found that the isolate CK-PC1 produced phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA, 1) as a major metabolite. The biological effects of PCA (1) were investigated using the seeds of X. complanata and Mung bean (Vigna radiata) and it was uncovered that the symbiosis of the isolate CK-PC1was essential for the postgermination growth of X. complanata and the metabolite PCA (1) might partially contribute to promote the growth of the plants
Preliminary Study on Improving the Management and Environmental Planning of Taiwan Indigenous People Cultural Park
No full text\ue3 The research question of the present research addressed how the sixteen tribes in Taiwan to have the consensus on rebuilding the sense of identity of Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Cultural Park. In order to enhance the operating and management of the Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Cultural Park which the park already has built up for thirty years,the study examined the public affairs issues of the indigenous people. The research acted as the bridge in the communication of cultural park and the indigenous people and collected the voices from the indigenous people for the public government to renew the existing policy for the development of the cultural park and to arouse an in-depth resonance of the indigenous people.
\ue3 The result of the research found that the Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Cultural Park conducted the conservation and preservation only and presented the history development of the cultural park. The research suggested that the park should develop in a more comprehensive way with the strategy of environmental planning. The research team consists of the art management background researchers which can provide the innovative proposals on the strategic planning on the cultural park. The goal of the new proposal is to build the mutual identity between the indigenous peoples and Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Cultural Park through linking up different age groups of the tribes by different activities and
experiences. Another goal of the proposal is to rebuild the architectural form and to reappear the lifestyle mode of the indigenous people, so that to become a first-tier outdoor museum in Taiwan, The traditional performing arts of the indigenous people displayed internationally through the cultural park platform. The ultimate goal of the research is to unite the sixteen tribes in Taiwan by seeking the feedback and services from the cultural park, so that the indigenous people can enhance their sense of identify towards the park and turn the Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Cultural Park to an international exchange platform for different Aboriginal cultural community in the world
Phytohormone and mineral content differences in the normal control (CK) and surface brown spots disease (SBS) fruit.
No full text<p>A: Phytohormone contents in the CK and SBS fruit; B: mineral element contents in the CK and SBS fruit. Phytohormones were measured using the ELISA method, and mineral elements were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Three independent repetitions for each test and 5 fruits from each sample were measured; the average values and standard deviations are displayed.</p
Inside the Matrix: CTI Frameworks as Partial Abstractions of Complex Threats
No full textThe Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) field has evolved rapidly and most of its reporting is now fairly stan-dardized. Where the Cyber Kill Chain was its sole reference framework 5 years ago, today ATT&CK is the de facto standard for reporting adversary tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs). CTI frameworks are effectively abstraction layers of malicious behavior and thus effective CTI dissemination hinges on their ability to accurately represent this behavior. We argue that this is an area with significant opportunity for improvement. The aforementioned models are attacker- and intrusion-centric, while much of the CTI reporting currently is artifact- and malware-centric. In other words, most analysis is performed using artifacts of adversary tools, while in-the-wild evidence of adversary techniques and procedures is limited or lacking. Applying an intrusion model to artifact-based analysis leads to information loss, affecting and potentially misleading CTI-based decision-making. Intelligence analysis naturally builds on imperfect information, but CTI frameworks should be oriented more towards this key premise. In this conceptual work we compare the intrusion-centric ATT&CK with Malware Behavior Catalog (MBC), which is malware-centric. We compare how their application affects reporting of analysis outcomes. For this we reverse a piece of APT malware, replicating how many CTI reports are produced. We find that compared to ATT&CK, the abstraction offered by MBC enhances the information density of our reporting. While currently in most industry malware reports ATT&CK is applied, our analysis shows that on these occasions using MBC, potentially in tandem with ATT&CK, improves reporting. With the daily amount of new malware samples only increasing, accurate behavior labeling is key to the success of CTI sharing and dissemination.Accepted author manuscriptCyber Securit
Flexible loads and power electronic converters integration : operation and control
No full textRenewable energy generations, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic panels, are being increasingly installed to achieve sustainability of climate and energy. However, high penetration of renewable energy sources will increase the uncertainty of the power grid and challenges the power grid operation due to their intermittent and distributed nature. The control paradigm moves towards the demand side and controls the load consumption to balance generation and demand. Direct load control, time of use tariffs and real-time pricing are classical methods but can’t ensure high response from the demand side. More advanced methods are essential to encourage end users to be more responsive.
Some controllable loads, such as water heaters, ventilation and air conditioning systems, are an attractive source of demand response. Various methods are proposed to control the load profile in a way good for the grid operation and reduce the impact on end users through reasonable scheduling of these controllable loads. Electric Spring (ES) has been proposed as a new demand side solution. ES is integrated with a controllable load to form a flexible load which can increase and decrease its load consumption and provides extra power compensation for ancillary services. Majority of existing research work focuses on different ESs and various applications but pays little attention to how much they can do.
Inspired by the concept of Electric Spring, this thesis proposes and discusses three types of flexible loads integrated with power electronic converters. Firstly, Chapter 3 explores the operating range of flexible loads integrated with ES. Based on the power analysis, equations linking ES parameters (i.e. voltage, current and active power) and load tolerance to the power of flexible loads are derived. Using these equations, the power range of flexible load with ES can be calculated directly with consideration of ES specifications and load tolerance. This also provides a new power control method that only consists of a few simple calculations. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the control method. Secondly, Chapter 4 proposes a new flexible load which is integrated with a common three-phase power converter. Compared to existing ESs, the three-phase converter gets rid of batteries and isolation transformer. Thus, its size and cost are reduced. To expand its operating range, an optimal operation strategy is developed and tested. Experiment agrees well with calculation and validates that the proposed flexible load using a three-phase converter maintains flexible active and reactive power compensation. It is effective as a demand response method. Finally, Chapter 5 proposes a flexible light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system. This flexible LED device can adjust its power consumption without disruptive impact on human visual comfort. To achieve this goal, a visual investigation is conducted to figure out the typical rate of change of LED power and it is embedded into a new power control method. A smart LED driver is built to validate the control method. Visual assessments confirm that the proposed control method can significantly reduce the light flickering caused by the change of LED power.
In summary, this thesis synthesizes power analysis, operating range and power control method of three types of flexible loads to provide reliable solutions to demand response.published_or_final_versionElectrical and Electronic EngineeringDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph
Are language production problems apparent in adults who no longer meet diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
No full textIn this study, we examined sentence production in a sample of adults (N = 21) who had had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as children, but as adults no longer met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria (APA, 2000). This “remitted” group was assessed on a sentence production task. On each trial, participants saw two objects and a verb. Their task was to construct a sentence using the objects as arguments of the verb. Results showed more ungrammatical and disfluent utterances with one particular type of verb (i.e., participle). In a second set of analyses, we compared the remitted group to both control participants and a “persistent” group, who had ADHD as children and as adults. Results showed that remitters were more likely to produce ungrammatical utterances and to make repair disfluencies compared to controls, and they patterned more similarly to ADHD participants. Conclusions focus on language output in remitted ADHD, and the role of executive functions in language production
Observation of the Λ0b → Λ+cK+K-π- decay
No full textThe Lambda(0)(b) -> Lambda+cK+K-pi(-) decay is observed for the first time using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of root s = 7 and 8 TeV collected by the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb(-1). The ratio of branching fractions between the Lambda(0)(b) -> Lambda K-+(c)+ K-pi(-) and the Lambda(0)(b) -> Lambda D-+(c)s(-) decays is measured to be B(Lambda(0)(b) -> Lambda+cK+K-pi(-))/B(Lambda(0)(b) -> Lambda D-+(c)s(-)) = (9.26 +/- 0.29 +/- 0.46 +/- 0.26) x 10(-2), where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third is due to the knowledge of the D-s(-) -> K+K-pi(-) branching fraction. No structure on the invariant mass distribution of the Lambda K-+(c)+ system is found, consistent with no open-charm pentaquark signature. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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