159 research outputs found
Skredfarekartlegging Fv91 Ullsfjordforbindelsen
No full textFv91 Ullsfjordforbindelsen er et vegprosjekt i planleggingsfasen, som er planlagt gjennom områder som viser fare for stein-, snø-, flom-, og sørpeskred i aktsomhetskartene fra NVE. Med bakgrunn i dette vurderes skredfaren for disse skredtypene, utenom steinskred som ikke blir behandlet i denne oppgaven, i fire feltområder langs de aktuelle veglinjene: Nakkedalen, Skarmunken, Jøvika, og Jektevika.
Skredfarevurderingene er basert på feltarbeid, intervju med lokale om skredhistorien, og simulering med numeriske og empiriske modeller. Det ble lagt mest vekt på skredhistorien for områdene funnet ved intervjuer, deretter observasjoner i felt og til sist modelleringene.
For snøskredmodelleringen ble det benyttet fire modeller, hvorav to numeriske (samosBeta og RAMMS::AVALANCHE) og to empiriske (Alfa-Beta og energilinje-modellen). De numeriske modellene beregner skredbevegelsen i et tredimensjonalt terreng basert på forskjellige friksjonsmodeller, mens de empiriske beregner utløpslengde og hastighet (kun energilinje-modellen) i et todimensjonalt terreng langs en definert skredbane.
Flomskredmodelleringen ble utført ved tre modeller; en numerisk (RAMMS::DEBRIS FLOW) og to empiriske (Alfa-Beta og energilinje-modellen). Det er lite erfaring med bruk av disse verktøyene for å simulere flomskred i Norge, og beregningene er heftet med stor usikkerhet. Dette kommer spesielt av at det er store forskjeller i dynamikk i forskjellige typer flomskred.
Resultatene viste at Jektevika er det mest utsatte feltområdet for både flom- og snøskred. Dimensjonerende utløpslengde for snøskred ble her antatt nedenfor de aktuelle veglinjene, og det er anbefalt sikring med fangvoll. Jektevika er også utsatt for små flomskred med lav returperiode, som kan sikres med store kulverter under vegen eller bru.
I Nakkedalen og på Skarmunken viser simuleringene lengre utløpslengder enn det skredhistorikken og feltarbeidet tilsier. Det planlegges tunnelpåhugg i disse områdene, og det anbefales dermed sikring ved portal, eventuelt sammen med ledevoller.
I Jøvika viser resultatene at det ikke er fare for noen former for skred.
Resultatene tilsier ikke fare for sørpeskred i noen av feltområdene
Geoplan : effective planning of ground investigations using digital tools
No full textI perioden mellom november 2011 og februar 2012 har Statens vegvesen testet ut en ny arbeidsprosess knyttet til planlegging av nye grunnundersøkelser, anleggsoppfølging og drift av utbyggingsporsjekter i Statens vegvesen. Testingen av arbeidsprosessen ble utført av Region midt og nord. Konklusjonen ble at man oppnår bedre kvalitet på arbeidet man utfører, samt at man får en mer effektiv planlegging av grunnundersøkelser knyttet til våre prosjekter. Testingen avdekket også konkrete forslag til forbedring av verktøyene som brukes i arbeidsprosessen.Statens vegvesen Vegdirektorate
Magi à la carte: recensionsartikel
No full textIn this review article the author discusses the book Ancient magic and ritual power (eds. Marvin Meyer & Paul Mirecki, 1995)
Introducing Machine Learning Using Robots - Design and Integration of Simple Neural Networks and the Q-learning Algorithm in the Robot Simulation Environment of Open Roberta Lab, Accompanied by the Development, Testing, and Evaluation of Complementary Teaching Materials
No full textThe following masters thesis provides an approach to introducing machine learning to students using the block-based programming language NEPO in combination with educational robotics. The target group of the research study are students from primary to high school, representing beginners without any previous knowledge of machine learning. After analysing the guidelines and methods for the introduction of machine learning in schools, as well as concrete proposals for artificial intelligence school curricula, the author identified a large discrepancy between the requirements for introducing the topics of supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning in schools and the solutions currently available on the educational landscape to do so. Most of the approaches which are currently available either remain a black box or are inaccessible to young students. In order to close this discrepancy, and following the ideas of constructionism, the author developed three approaches to introduce machine learning using robots: (1) The Neural Network Playground which allows the user to experiment with simple neural networks, (2) The Q-learning Playground which enables the student to tinker with the Q-learning algorithm, (3) An unplugged activity introducing the k-means algorithm that makes the unsupervised learning tangible. The author accompanied all approaches with a curriculum and a series of learning materials. She then conducted and evaluated a user study with 24 children from primary, middle, and high school. The results underline the practical feasibility of the approaches: the children of all age groups perceived the topics as interesting and ranging from very easy to moderately hard to grasp. Thus, the research study proposes a solid concept for the introduction of machine learning to beginners which fundamentally differs from the currently available approaches and enriches the educational landscape
VDE-SAT Ranging for Critical Navigation: Characteristics of Experimental VDE-SAT Ranging Signals and System Performance Analysis for Critical Navigation
No full textTraditional Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are subject to intentional or unintentional disturbances in the northern regions of Norway, leading to loss of critical infrastructure. The novel VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) has been suggested as an alternative positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) system for a possible GNSS contingency service, based on signal simulations and statistical estimates. However, an empirical investigation into the feasibility of such a GNSS contingency service remains to be done, and has only recently become possible after the launch of the NorSat-TD satellite with purpose-designed VDES ranging capabilities. This paper presents an analysis of the characteristics of empirical VDE-SAT range measurements and a system-level performance analysis of a GNSS-contingency system based on the signal performance of empirical ranging data gathered from NorSat-TD. Using the equated error level of the signal, the positioning performance of simulated autonomous systems of VDE-SAT PNT-sources is analysed, followed by an assessment of the combination of the empirical VDE-SAT range measurements and traditional GNSS measurements in a critical GNSS contingency scenario. In total, 236 VDE-SAT pseudorange observations obtained from eleven satellite passes recorded in July 2023 were used. Residual analysis shows that these observations have a large and constant mean error of about 416 km, with a standard deviation of 260.8 m. The previously neglected atmospheric propagation effects on a VDE-SAT range measurement is shown to be significant, and the largest effect is likely to be the time-delay due to the ionosphere. The system performance analysis shows that VDE-SAT as a PNT-source could be used as a possible future general navigation backup system, with a positioning accuracy within 1000 m. Finally, an important conclusion is that a contemporary GNSS-contingency system is possible with the measured signal performance, where NorSat-TD acting as a PNT-source can, under the correct geometric conditions, allow a positioning accuracy within 1000 m in combination with partial GNSS coverage at the user.Aerospace Engineerin
Sound, Ink, Bytes: Geographical Information through the Centuries
No full textThis article is based on research carried out as part of the author s PhD studies at the Department of Digital Humanities, King s College, London, and is concerned with the processes of creating and changing texts through different mediums. This article takes the Schnitler protocols, a study commissioned by the Danish government on Norwegian-Swedish/Finish border relations, as an example through which to examine the relationship between different documents, oral, written, print, and digital, and the stylistic and content changes that were likely introduced through each of the transformations from one medium to another
Let's Close the Gap Between Research and Practice to Discover New Land Together!
No full textacceptedVersionAccepted author manuscript version reprinted, by permission, from International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2018, http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0550 © Human Kinetics, Inc
The perfect shape: spiral stories
No full textThis book uses the spiral shape as a key to a multitude of strange and seemingly disparate stories about art, nature, science, mathematics, and the human endeavour. In a way, the book is itself organized as a spiral, with almost disconnected chapters circling around and closing in on the common theme. A particular strength of the book is its extremely cross-disciplinary nature - everything is fun, and everything is connected! At the same time, the author puts great emphasis on mathematical and scientific correctness, in contrast, perhaps, with some earlier books on spirals. Subjects include the mathematical properties of spirals, sea shells, sun flowers, Greek architecture, air ships, the history of mathematics, spiral galaxies, the anatomy of the human hand, the art of prehistoric Europe, Alfred Hitchcock, and spider webs, to name a few
Finnmarksloven er vedtatt. Om de vesentligste endringene i loven i forhold til regjeringens lovforslag i Ot.prp. nr 53 (2002-2003)
No full textThe Finnmark Act was recently approved in the parliament by a clear majority. A half-century discussion
concerning land rights of the Saami people has culminated in an Act concerning the «right to
land and water» in Finnmark County. The legislative history of the Act covers approximately 25
years, and started when the Saami Law committee was appointed in autumn 1980.
In this paper the author examines this legislative history, emphasizing the main changes in the
adopted act in relation the disputed bill to the parliament in spring 2003 (Ot.prp. nr. 53 (2002-2003).
Pursuant to the Act, a land commission and special tribunal will be established that will clarify
and settle land rights questions. The author observes that the land consolidation court, as proposed
by the Saami Law committee, is not given any place in the Act.
Finally, the author remarks that the changes from the bill of 2003, up to the adoption of the Act in
June this year, have led to an act which is a major step forward in giving the people in Finnmark
County rights to their natural resources and common land. The Act also represents strong support
for the land rights of the Saami people
Hypothesis Testing in Contingency Tables: A Discussion, and Exact Unconditional Tests for r×c Tables
No full textEvery time one counts the number of occurrences of a pair of values for two categorical variables, one obtains a contingency table. These tables are one of the simplest representations of data in order to statistically test for the presence of some association between the two variables under consideration. Although naturally occurring in so many scientific disciplines, there is still a lot of debate on the appropriate way to perform tests of significance on these contingency tables.Especially when one wants to use exact methods, i.e., methods that are based on the exact probabilities of observing the table of interest, there is great disagreement on which marginal totals one should treat as fixed for inference. This has led to the development of the conditional tests, most famously Fisher's exact test, and unconditional tests, of which Barnard's CSM test was the first example. Mostly due to philosophical objections and computational challenges, the unconditional test has received far less attention over the years. This is especially true for contingency tables with more than 2 rows or columns. To our knowledge, there are no implementations available of exact unconditional tests for these larger tables.The aim of this text is two-fold. First, we give a historical account on the rivalry between conditional and unconditional test, and argue that there is a case to be made to research exact unconditional methods in greater depth. Second, we will present implementations of exact unconditional tests that are applicable to general r×c contingency tables. Some of these implementations are generalisations of existing methods for the 2×2 table, such as Barnard's CSM test, with some additions in order to increase the computational efficiency. In addition, we also introduce a new approach that translates the classical Neyman-Pearson procedure of constructing a critical region for a given significance level α into a a mixed integer linear programming problem. The latter can be solved efficiently with one of many existing optimisation software packages.This will eventually lead to a power study comparing 14 different tests, of which 12 unconditional ones, for different table dimensions and marginal totals. Although no test comes out as most powerful in every situation, the tests using a linear programming formulation have comparable, and often higher power than the classical unconditional approaches. This comes at a cost however, the critical regions produced via this optimisation approach are not guaranteed to be nested, i.e., they are not necessarily contained in each other for increasing values of α. This limits their use and interpretability. Further research should point out whether additional requirements can be formulated that would make the critical regions nested, while still keeping the advantages of the linear programming formulation.https://github.com/PimKeer/contingency_tables Github repository.Applied Mathematic
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