1,721,225 research outputs found
Organised crime and violence
No full textBringing together contributors primarily from Europe and North America, this handbook approaches its topic from a primarily sociological viewpoint, although contributions from philosophy, cultural studies, law, criminology, political science, psychology, history, and sociobiology have been included to broaden the scope. The first papers (there are a total of 63) lay out the theoretical justifications for looking at violence as a result of social processes. The topics then turn to investigations of social structures and institutions, social conditions, and state actors in the perpetuation of violence. The political and ideological motivations of collective and group violence are discussed, as are the causes of individual violence. Victims of violence are profiled as individuals and collectives. Other topics include the role of opportunity structures, structures of meaning, and political justifications. Final papers consider explanations of escalation or de-escalation of violence
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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