299 research outputs found
Markus Osterrieder. Das werhrhafte Friedensreich. Bilder von Krieg und Frieden in Polen-Litauen (1505-1595) : recenzija
No full textMarkus Osterrieder knygą „Gerai įtvirtinta taiki imperija: karo ir taikos įvaizdžiai Lenkijoje-Lietuvoje (1505-1595)“, išleistą 2005 m. Viesbadene, parengė 2003 m. Liudviko Maksimilijono universitete Miunchene apgintos disertacijos pagrindu. Recenzentas abejoja pasirinktų chronologinių rėmų pagrįstumu – Nihil Novi konstitucijos priėmimas ir Bresto unija buvo svarbūs įvykiai valstybės istorijoje, tačiau jie nedaug turi bendro su knygos tema. Pastebima, kad autorius naudojosi publikuotais šaltiniais, tačiau visiškai į darbą neįtraukė archyvinių. Abejonių kelia ir bibliografijos sąrašas – jame daug bendro pobūdžio veikalų, tačiau darbe liko nepanaudota daugelis su tema tiesiogiai susijusių monografijų. Recenzentas darbe neįžvelgė jokio naujumo – daugelį knygoje aptinkamų teiginių ir išvadų galima aptikti istorijos vadovėliuose ir bendro pobūdžio veikaluose. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lenkija (Lenkijos karalystė. Kingdom of Poland. Poland); Ankstyvieji naujieji laikaiMarkus Osterrieder’s book Gerai įtvirtinta taiki imperija: karo ir taikos įvaizdžiai Lenkijoje-Lietuvoje (1505-1595) (The well-fortified peaceful empire: Images of war and peace in Poland-Lithuania (1505-1595)) published in Viesbaden in 2005 was prepared in 2003 on the basis of the thesis defended at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich. The reviewer doubts the validity of the chronological frames chosen – the adoption of the Nihil Novi Constitution and the union of Brest were important events in the history of the state, however, they have little in common with the theme of the book. It is obvious that the author made use of the publicised sources; however, he did not include any archival sources in his work at all. The list of references raises doubts too – it contains many works of a general nature, however, many monographs, which are directly related to the theme were not used in the work. The reviewer did not see any novelty in the work – many statements and conclusions in the book can be found in history textbooks and works of a general nature
Prognostic relevance of MMP-2 (72-kD collagenase IV) in gastric cancer
No full textThe association of MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2, 72-kD collagenase IV) with invasive and metastatic capacity of tumor cells has implicated a potential role in the prognosis for cancer patients. However, no larger study has been done to prove this hypothesis. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the prognostic impact of MMP-2 in a prospective series of 203 gastric cancer patients. MMP-2 expression was measured immunohistochemically and scored semiquantitatively (score 0-3) in carcinoma cells, and results were correlated with clinicopathological tumor parameters and parameters of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system. Survival analyses were done using the Kaplan-Meier method (log-rank statistics) and multivariate Cox analysis. Significant correlations were found for MMP-2 and Lauren's classification, M stage and proteases/inhibitors of the uPA system in the primary tumor. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed an association of increasing MMP-2 expression with worse prognosis. This was especially seen in patients with a parallel high expression of uPA receptor. However, differences in survival probabilities between low and high MMP-2 levels were not significant. In a separate analysis of diffuse-type cancers, MMP-2 was significantly associated with disease-free (p = 0.0056) and overall survival (p = 0.0426). Multivariately, MMP-2 was not an independent parameter. Our results demonstrate that there is an association of immunohistochemical detection of MMP-2 with prognosis of cancer patients. For diffuse gastric cancers, it is a significant prognostic parameter, however, not of independent impact. The study further suggests that consideration of interrelated tumor-associated proteases like uPA receptor in combination with MMP-2 may improve its prognostic power
Análise descritiva da tradução de termos técnicos da Bhagavad Gita para o inglês
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da TraduçãoO presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral a análise comparativa de um corpus de textos da Bhagavad Gita em inglês, em confronto com o original em sânscrito, buscando identificar termos técnicos que possam implicar dificuldades de tradução. Para tanto foi elaborado um corpus computadorizado com 1083 ocorrências, com termos que potencialmente denotam problemas de tradução, quer pela sua polissemia, quer pelo grau semântico filosófico-religioso. Como referência utilizou-se o site do Bhaktivedanta VedaBase para buscar os versos onde se encontram os termos técnicos em estudo. O quadro teórico é composto de conceitos sobre terminologia: conforme Sager, Krieger e Finatto e termos técnicos Védicos; os Upanishads, bem como os memes da tradução apresentado por Chesterman (1997). No que se refere à metodologia: o método de abordagem desta pesquisa é o indutivo, sendo que o método de procedimento é o comparativo e a análise textual do corpus tem como foco a metodologia qualitativa. Os resultados gerais demonstram dificuldades de tradução na maioria dos termos técnicos em estudo neste trabalho o que leva parte dos tradutores a empregar a estratégia do empréstimo do sânscrito, sendo que outros termos, em razão de sua polissemia, são apresentados com características mais simples, ou seja, o aspecto semântico filosófico-religioso acentuado destes termos técnicos não é utilizado na Bhagavad Gita, tornando-os de fácil tradução.Following the debate within the field of Translation Studies on the effects of the choices of translation strategies on the translated text, this research aims at the analysis of the translation of indigenous terms, here regarded as cultural markers, in Hector Olea#s Spanish translation of one of the best known Brazilian literary work, Macunaíma, by modernist author Mário de Andrade. At the initial stage, a small parallel corpus was built, from which it was possible to verify the strategies used by the translator, only then theoretical concepts were sought in order to explain the translator#s choices. Moreover, the initial hypotheses that proper names are not translated and that the translator would make only few changes because of the proximity of the languages were also verified. The results of the analysis confirm the first hypothesis but refute the second, mainly due to Olea#s translation project of transforming Macunaíma into a Hispanic-American hero
Genome-wide association study identifies a variant in HDAC9 associated with large vessel ischemic stroke
No full textGenetic factors have been implicated in stroke risk, but few replicated associations have been reported. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ischemic stroke and its subtypes in 3,548 affected individuals and 5,972 controls, all of European ancestry. Replication of potential signals was performed in 5,859 affected individuals and 6,281 controls. We replicated previous associations for cardioembolic stroke near PITX2 and ZFHX3 and for large vessel stroke at a 9p21 locus. We identified a new association for large vessel stroke within HDAC9 (encoding histone deacetylase 9) on chromosome 7p21.1 (including further replication in an additional 735 affected individuals and 28,583 controls) (rs11984041; combined P = 1.87 × 10<sup>−11</sup>; odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28–1.57). All four loci exhibited evidence for heterogeneity of effect across the stroke subtypes, with some and possibly all affecting risk for only one subtype. This suggests distinct genetic architectures for different stroke subtypes
Teacher Figures In The Works Of Twentieth Century German Writers
No full textName of the diploma thesis: Teacher Figures In The Works Of Twentieth Century German Writers Author: Petra Stolafova Diploma thesis tutor: PhDr. Viera Glosikova CSc. ABSTRACT The subject of my thesis was to compare characters of teachers in the works of three German authors from the twentieth century. For this I chose Heinrich Mann and his novel Professor Unrat, written at the start of the twentieth century, the narrative by Anna Seghers, Der Ausjlug der toten Maedchen, in which the author takes a look back at the period of Nazi Germany and fmally contemporary author, Markus Orths and his novel, Lehrerzimmer. My goal when starting this piece of work was to learn about the behaviour and attitude of teachers towards pupils in a variety of time periods during the twentieth century and to compare this with the methods and approaches used by tutors today. For the individual chapters, I began by dedicating biographies for the specific authors. I followed this by focusing on the content of their works and then fmally analysing the behaviour of the literary figures represented as teachers. I tried to establish whether or not their method of teaching or rather approach towards pupils concurred with the notions about how a teacher should appear nowadays. In the novel Professor Unrat, I came to the conclusion that the..
“What is Essential is Invisible to the Eye” – A Music Therapy Tale of a Young Woman with Visual Impairment
No full textThis article describes the case of Maria, a young woman with visual impairment and mild learning difficulties, whose involvement in music therapy helped her develop an understanding of the importance of music for her personal life. Whereas in the sessions her verbal comments about herself were very negative to start with, focusing on her back pains and everyday problems caused by her visual impairment, her singing brought to light a gifted musical personality in the course of therapy who felt strongly about her musicality. During a period of one and a half years of individual music therapy sessions at a creative day centre for people with disabilities, Maria developed a strong sense of confidence in her musical abilities, which made her believe more in herself as a musician. The joy of music making and singing as well as the interpersonal therapeutic relationship based on mutual trust and respect made her focus away from perceiving herself as ‘disabled’ and engage in searching for a new musical identity. The case study summarises this process and explains how Maria was helped by temporarily ‘stepping out’ of the boundaries of therapy in order to communicate her musical skills to a wider community at the annual summer concerts where she could ‘try out’ this new identity.
The case of Maria shall further be used to reflect on how disabled people in Greece can find support at local creative day centres, which are essential infrastructural support facilities that contribute to their care and wellbeing locally. I shall also argue that music therapy is an ideal therapeutic intervention for such settings, as it is able to address individual needs of programme attendees, focusing its therapeutic interventions on a person’s existing and at first glance ‘invisible’ hidden possibilities and talents. This essentially humanistic therapeutic approach employed by the author and described below, shall be exemplified by employing examples of the wisdom of the ‘Little Prince’ by Saint-Exupéry, by which we can further highlight the essence of Maria’s positive therapeutic journey in music
Does remediation save lives? On the cost of cleaning up arsenic-contaminated sites in Sweden
No full textSwedish environmental policy is based on 16 environmental quality objectives (Gov. Bill 2000/01:130 and Gov.Bill 2004/05:150).1 One of the most challenging objectives,‘A non toxic environment’, has two interim targets that concern remediation of contaminated sites. In sum, they state that the highest priority should be given to sites posing the highest risks to human health and the environment.2 By eliminating pollutants in soil, groundwater and sediment, the interim targets aim to reduce risks to human health and the environment. In Sweden, 83,000 sites are potentially contaminated due to previous industrial activities. According to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the administrator of the governmental funds for remediation, approximately 1500 of these sites contain contaminant concentrations that could seriously harm human health and the environment (Swedish EPA, 2008a). To reach the interim targets, all these sites need to be remediated by 2050. Remediation of contaminated sites has so far cost more than SEK 3,000 million.3 The approximated cost to mitigate the potential risks at the most harmful sites is estimated at SEK 60,000 million.4 The Swedish government’s funding for remediation presently comes in the form of a directed grant (sakanslag). The directed grant, administrated by the Swedish EPA, subsidises remediation of contaminated sites that were contaminated prior to modern environmental legislation (in 1969) or for which no liable party can be found. The directed grant amounts to approximately 455 millions annually, which corresponds to about 10 percent of the annual national funds for environmental protection (Gov. Bill 2007/08:1). To make it possible to prioritise among contaminated sites, the Swedish EPA has developed a method for risk assessment called the ‘MIFO’ (i.e. the Method for Inventory of Contaminated Sites). The risk assessment does not take into account the actual exposure at a contaminated site. Risk is instead assessed based on divergence from guideline values for acceptable concentrations given a standardised (i.e. worst case) exposure situation on an individual level. This means that a site can be remediated without any individuals actually being exposed. The expected risk reduction is consequently not quantified. This eliminates the possibility of valuing the risk reduction, which should be weighed against the remediation cost. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how health effects, in the form of cancer risks, from sites contaminated by arsenic are valued implicitly in remediation. By using an environmental medicine approach that takes exposure into account, and without underestimating the potential health consequences of arsenic exposure, our purpose is to place arsenic risk management in the overall picture of live-saving interventions. In the case of cancer prevention, it is necessary to recognise that focus on an environmental carcinogen like arsenic may draw public attention – and funding – away from mental health risks like ambient air pollution and indoor radon. Although environmental pollution accounts for less than ten percent of all cancer cases (Harvard Centre for Cancer Prevention, 1996; Saracci and Vineis, 2007), environmental factors are important to recognize since they may be preventable. We emphasise, however, the inefficiency in becoming overly concerned about small risks while, at the same time, losing sight of the large risks. If society’s spending on lifesaving measures with small effects (i.e. a small number of lives saved) crowds out spending on lifesaving measures with large effects, then remediation can, in fact, even be said to waste lives. By using data on 23 arsenic-contaminated sites in Sweden, we estimate the sitespecific cancer risks and calculate the cost per life saved by using the sites’ remediation costs. Our results show that the cost per life saved through remediation is much higher than that associated with other primary prevention measures, indicating that the ambition level of Swedish remediation may be too high.
Beyond the Bosphorus? Comparing German, French, and British Discourses on Turkey's Application to Join the European Union. IHS Political Science Series Paper, No. 111, December 2006
No full textThis article examines the impact of national borders on public discourses, based on a case study of the struggle surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union (EU). Comparing opinions, reasons and interpretation patterns in press commentaries about enlarging the EU beyond the Bosphorus, the findings confirm the paramount importance and robustness of national cleavages between the German and the French public sphere on the one hand, and the British on the other. Whereas Turkish membership was predominantly re-jected on the continent, the British commentators strongly and almost unanimously sup-ported Ankara’s request to open doors. These similarities and divergences, I argue, are first and foremost the result of, and linked with, competing visions of Europe’s finality, especially regarding various constitutional ideas and cultural principles. Against this background, the Turkey question was partly exploited as an instrument supporting or repressing different conceptions of the European Union’s future
Research in medical education - chances and challenges : international conference, 20th - 22nd May 2009, Heidelberg ; congress abstracts
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