12 research outputs found
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS: HOW PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS RELATES TO THREE CLASSICAL MECHANISMS
No full textInformation technology (IT) governance has received a lot of attention lately, with a growing strategic importance currently being given to IT by both public and private organizations. This justifies the existence of a body of scientific literature on IT governance, to which this paper belongs and makes an attempt to contribute to. Towards that end, an empirical study was performed involving 57 public organizations of the Brazilian federal administration, examining the relationship between three governance mechanisms – IT steering committee, IT solution manager, and IT investment portfolio management process and IT governance effectiveness. Based on the literature review, a conceptual model was developed to express the causal relations that these constructs were expected to hold with one another. Through a custom-designed questionnaire submitted to over 180 federal public employees, the causal model was tested using mediation analysis and mostly confirmed. Results indicate that Portfolio Management should always be taken into account for analyses that aim to evaluate the effects of IT steering committees and solution managers on IT governance effectiveness. This means that a nonexistent or an underperforming Portfolio Management Process can lead to a reduction or cancellation of the potential positive contributions of the other two mechanisms to IT governance. By informing decision makers and public managers at some of the main federal public organizations in the country on how to plan and deploy IT to promote a more effective governance, the conclusions presented herein fill a previous knowledge gap in the complementarity and the joint effectiveness of three IT governance mechanisms on the IT dynamics of key public organizations
Characterization of spontaneous and evoked activity of mouse embryonic stem cell derived motor neurons using optogenetics and micro electrode array electrophysiology
No full textThorough characterization of distinct neuronal lineages derived from progenitor cells is essential for the development of biological models that can recreate native function of neurons of the central nervous system while permitting researchers to have an easily accessible source of cellular building blocks. These models are particularly important for studies on neurological disorders aimed at understanding disease pathways and for high throughput testing of drug candidates. Furthermore, developing a model system with stem cell-derived spinal cord motor neurons (MN) is attractive for designing control systems for soft-tissue robotics. The critical first step towards building a useful model with MNs require a detail investigation of spontaneous and stimulation-evoked electrical activity of developing MN networks. The following work uses multi-electrode array (MEA) electrophysiology and optogenetics to characterize electrical activity of MNs differentiated from mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. A customizable substrate integrated 60-electrode MEA chip was designed for this study. MEA chips were fabricated with platinum deposited on borofloat glass for detection of small changes in electrical field potentials resulting from neuronal activity that causes small change in ionic currents. A Multi-Channel Systems amplifier was used for recording. MN embryoid bodies (MEBs) were grown in these MEA chips, and differentiation of mES cells into MNs was monitored by the expression of eGFP with a MN specific promoter, Hb9. The mES cell line was transfected with channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) tagged with Td-Tomato which allowed for optogenetic stimulation of the networks with a 470 nm LED. Network firing patterns were evaluated for bursting activity and spectral content using analysis algorithms developed in MATLAB. Data presented here demonstrated that MEBs are spontaneously active, they develop a robust network synchronization, and optogenetic stimulation increased the firing rate and affected the firing patterns. This work established a model system with mES cell derived MNs. These findings are a milestone in the efforts of developing neural circuits that can be used to potentially control higher order soft-tissue robotics.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-05-01The student, Gelson Pagán-Díaz, accepted the attached license on 2016-04-29 at 15:27.The student, Gelson Pagán-Díaz, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-04-29 at 15:32.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-04-29 at 16:53.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9591 on 2016-07-07 at 13:51:15Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T20:35:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Governança de ti em organizações públicas : como a efetividade percebida se relaciona com três mecanismos clássicos
No full textA Governança de TI é uma área de estudos recente que tem despertado muito interesse devido à importância cada vez maior da Tecnologia da Informação (TI) para as organizações, sejam elas públicas ou privadas. Isso justifica a existência de uma literatura científica sobre o tema governança de TI na qual este estudo se enquadra e para cujo desenvolvimento busca contribuir. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa empírica envolvendo 57 organizações públicas integrantes do governo federal brasileiro na qual foram examinadas as relações entre três mecanismos de governança – Comitê de TI, Gestores da Solução de TI e Processo de Portfólio de Investimento em TI – e a Efetividade da Governança de TI. Com base na literatura revisada, um modelo conceitual foi proposto para expressar as relações que esses construtos deveriam ter uns com os outros. Um questionário foi desenvolvido com base nesse modelo e aplicado a mais de 180 servidores públicos federais. As relações Causais foram testadas com análise de mediação e detectadas, em sua maioria, de acordo com o modelo. Os resultados indicam que o desempenho do Processo de Portfólio deveria sempre ser considerado em análises que tenham por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de Comitê de TI e de Gestores da Solução na efetividade da governança de TI. Isso significa que a não existência ou o baixo desempenho do Processo de Portfólio pode reduzir ou anular a contribuição positiva dos outros dois mecanismos para a efetividade da governança de TI. Por informar tomadores de decisão e gestores dos resultados em algumas das principais organizações da administração federal brasileira no planejamento e utilização TI em busca de efetividade da governança, as conclusões apresentadas neste artigo preenchem um vazio de conhecimento sobre as complementaridades e os efeitos de três mecanismos de governança na dinâmica dessas organizações. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTInformation technology (IT) governance has received a lot of attention lately, with a growing strategic importance currently being given to IT by both public and private organizations. This justifies the existence of a body of scientific literature on IT governance, to which this paper belongs and makes an attempt to contribute to. Towards that end, an empirical study was performed involving 57 public organizations of the Brazilian federal administration, examining the relationship between three governance mechanisms – IT steering committee, IT solution manager, and IT investment portfolio management process and IT governance effectiveness. Based on the literature review, a conceptual model was developed to express the causal relations that these constructs were expected to hold with one another. Through a custom-designed questionnaire submitted to over 180 federal public employees, the causal model was tested using mediation analysis and mostly confirmed. Results indicate that Portfolio Management should always be taken into account for analyses that aim to evaluate the effects of IT steering committees and solution managers on IT governance effectiveness. This means that a nonexistent or an underperforming Portfolio Management Process can lead to a reduction or cancellation of the potential positive contributions of the other two mechanisms to IT governance. By informing decision makers and public managers at some of the main federal public organizations in the country on how to plan and deploy IT to promote a more effective governance, the conclusions presented herein fill a previous knowledge gap in the complementarity and the joint effectiveness of three IT governance mechanisms on the IT dynamics of key public organizations.Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Gestão de Políticas Públicas (FACE)Departamento de Administração (FACE ADM
ADJETIVOS ESTÉTICOS E O PROBLEMA DO GOSTO: UMA POSSIBILIDADE DE ESTÉTICA EM WITTGENSTEIN
No full textThe paper discusses the problem of Taste and the Problem of Aesthetic Adjectives presented by Wittgenstein in Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psycology and Religious Belief, and discusses the relationship between ethics and aesthetics established by the author and that permeates much of his work.O trabalho discute o Problema do Gosto e o Problema dos Adjetivos Estéticos apresentados por Wittgenstein nas preleções sobre Estética constante em Estética, Psicologia e Religião: Palestras e Conversações, além de discutir a relação entre ética e estética estabelecida pelo autor e que permeia grande parte de sua obra
Educação, saúde e ética : o agir comunicativo entre professor e aluno
No full textOrientador: Gelson Joao TesserDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Defesa: Curitiba, 2005Inclui bibliografiaResumo: O ensino-aprendizagem, no Colégio Estadual Professor Algacyr Munhoz Maêder, tomada pela perspectiva de desenvolvimento da "ação comunicativa", no universo escolar, implica uma situação de ações verbais dos atores (professores e alunos), dirigidas ao "agir comunicativo" de um ator na sua relação ao outro. Nessa perspectiva são fundamentais as contradições da interação, bem como a consolidação do conhecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar o conceito de ação comunicativa, baseando-se nas teorias e concepções de Jürgen Habermas, especialista no assunto, para descrever as contradições e relações entre alguns professores e alunos do Ensino Médio em sua comunicação em sala de aula. Tomando por base esse referencial teórico, foi utilizado como instrumento de pesquisa, um questionário, contendo cinco questões voltadas à ação dialógica na escola. Os dados analisados através das respostas dessa pesquisa, contribuíram para caracterizar a comunicação no ambiente escolar desta instituição de ensino, ou seja, forneceram uma pequena amostragem do "agir comunicativo" entre professores e alunos. Foram abordadas cada uma das falas ou depoimentos, sua influência e importância para a interação entre os atores envolvidos e as contradições decorrentes das mesmas. Nesta pesquisa foi possível traçar o perfil da dinâmica do "agir comunicativo" na sala-de-aula, que através de sucessivas interações e contradições, comuns, num debate dialético, revelaram a necessidade de buscar soluções para que haja a reestruturação do campo semântico da ação dos atores, numa retomada consciente de mudança na prática educativa do professor, no sentido de estabelecer um "agir comunicativo" no ensino aprendizagem. Palavras-chave: "agir comunicativo"; educação; relação professor-aluno.Abstract: A teaching-learning process under a perspective of "communicative-action" in a classroom of the public high school PA MM, replies a situation of considering verbal actions between the actors, teachers and pupils, aimed as a communicative acting relates to another person. For this approach, the contradictions of the interaction seem essential, together with the consolidation of the knowledge. The aim of the present study is to explore the concept of communicative action based on the theories and conceptions of Jurgen Habermas , as specialist author in the subject, meaning the description of the contradictions and relationships between teachers and pupils of the high school their communication. Such a theoretical reference was used as a research fool, submitted as questionnaire with five questions in order to check up the dialogical action in the classroom actions in the school environment as a small sample of communicative acting between teachers and pupils and the communicative actions were approached in their influence and importance, and their contradictions coming out. By means of this research a frame of dynamics of communicative action in the classroom through successive interaction and contradictions in build up as usual in dialectic debates - and disclosed a need to look for solutions in order to organize again a new semantic field, where the actions base up their action. The consequent chance in the educative practice of the teacher comes out resuming awareness of the teacher teaching - learning process from a new communicative act is been Key-words: communicative act; education; relation teacher-pupil
W. H. Auden's inter-war poetry: a political use of ambiguity
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura CorrespondenteThis dissertation focuses the historical context of the inter-war period in England and Wystan Hugh Auden#s poetry. Auden#s poetic work has been read, interpreted, analysed and criticised considering his biography, a form of reading that subtly differs from autobiography. I think that his texts are autobiographical pieces that denote the 1920s and 1930s social, cultural, economic and political changes through which England went. For this I analyse autobiographical traces in his poetry and his specific use of ambiguity that constitutes in my point of view a political strategy that shelters the author before the social censorship against homosexuals in that period of the English History. The poet disguises his subjectivity in masks or third person as a protagonist forced to behave performatively in order to survive in his society. The poems show individuals living in a conservative society and their impossibility to live a love relationship in its completion. Protected by ambiguity, the poet is able to keep a place in society free from the cruelties engendered against homosexuals who were considered subversive individuals in that epoch. Auden#s political use of ambiguity is thus a strategy to hide his homosexuality, what elicits his concern with gender matters. Moreover, the poems show the poet#s awareness towards social class. By bringing up gender and class, Auden#s inter-war poetics can contribute to gay, lesbian and queer studies as a form to show socio-cultural views of homosexuality and homosexuals# quotidian lives. Esta tese focaliza o contexto histórico do período entre-guerras na Inglaterra e a poesia de Wystan Hugh Auden. A obra poética de Auden tem sido lida, interpretada, analisada e criticada considerando-se sua biografia, uma forma de leitura que sutilmente difere de autobiografia. Eu penso que seus textos são peças autobiográficas que denotam as mudanças sociais, culturais, econômicas e políticas pelas quais a Inglaterra passou. Para isto, eu analiso os traços autobiográficos em sua poesia e seu uso específico da ambiguidade que se constitui em meu ponto de vista em uma estratégia política que protege o autor diante da censura social contra os homossexuais naquele período da História da Inglaterra. O poeta esconde sua subjetividade em máscaras ou em terceira pessoa como um protagonista forçado a comportar-se performaticamente a fim de sobreviver em sua sociedade. Os poemas mostram indivíduos vivendo em uma sociedade conservadora e sua [dos indivíduos] impossibilidade de viver relacionamentos de amor em sua completude. Protegido pela ambigüidade, o poeta é capaz de manter um lugar na sociedade, livre das crueldades engendradas contra os homossexuais que eram considerados indivíduos subversivos naquela época. O uso político da ambiguidade por Auden é assim uma estratégia para esconder sua homossexualidade, o que demonstra sua preocupação com questões de gênero. Além disso, os poemas mostram a consciência do poeta para com classes sociais. Ao abordar gênero e classe, a poética entre-guerras de Auden pode contribuir para os estudos gays, lésbicos e queer como forma de mostrar as visões sócio-culturais da homossexualidade e das vidas quotidianas dos homossexuais
The European Union’s partnership policy towards Brazil: more than meets the eye
No full textPublished online: 27 Nov 2015This article focuses on the evolving nature of the foreign policy of the European Union (EU) towards Brazil, which gained momentum and became more dynamic and denser after the establishment of a formal strategic partnership (SP) in 2007. It provides a historical overview of the institutional relations between Brussels and Brasília, before proceeding with an analysis of the main drivers behind this novel development. The study goes on to offer a critical examination of the implementation of the EU–Brazil SP by casting light on both its major achievements and the challenges it has faced. It concludes that the establishment of a formal strategic partnership with Brazil has contributed to the strengthening of the EU’s globally oriented partnership policy and ultimately to the incremental empowerment of the EU necessary to the assertion of its values, objectives and interests on the international stage.This article is part of a research project entitled 'The Strategic Partnerships of the European Union as an Instrument of Global Action: Rationale and Implications' (PTDC/CPJ-CPO/113251/2009), funded by the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT) and coordinated by Laura C Ferreira-Pereira. The author wishes to express her thanks to Joao Mourato Pinto for his assistance in the bibliographical researching of the topic. She would also like to thank Gelson Fonseca Junior, Janina Onuki, Carlos Eduardo Lins da Silva, Sergio Fausto, Alena Vysotskayaa G Vieira and three anonymous referees for insightful comments on an earlier draft of this work. Finally, the author gratefully acknowledges the insightful comments made by former high-ranking diplomats and Brazilian foreign policy experts during interviews conducted under conditions of anonymity
O critério da proibição de regresso no funcionalismo normativista de Jakobs
No full textO propósito desta monografia é investigar a importância da reformulação do conceito de proibição de regresso operada na teoria da imputação objetiva de Günther Jakobs, em meio ao atual panorama de crescimento da complexidade e da anonimização das relações sociais. Para o escopo da investigação, delineia-se, previamente, os alicerces sociológicos e filosóficos que servem de base ao direito penal funcional-normativista. O autor se apropria da constatação de Luhmann quanto à complexidade dos sistemas sociais contemporâneos, bem como da necessidade da construção de um subsistema jurídico que esteja em constante acoplamento estrutural com o contexto social. Outrossim, há o aporte de Hegel com sua clássica concepção da pena como uma sequência de males que estabiliza a regra – o que, neste trabalho, é relacionado com a ideia de um Direito penal que tem como escopo a proteção de normas. Adentrando-se nos conceitos fundamentais de seu sistema penal, vê-se que a compreensão comunicativa do delito gera uma mudança na análise dos atores sociais, os quais não mais são encarados como indivíduos, mas sim como pessoas – seres construídos comunicacionalmente. A clássica separação entre atuar e omitir cede espaço à noção de papéis, importando, na visão normativista, a existência ou não do dever, o que gera a separação entre competência por organização e competência por instituição. Ademais, o problema da causalidade deixa de ser analisado sob a ótica naturalista, ganhando um sentido normativo, o que em muito importa à proibição de regresso. Traça-se, já em introdução à teoria da imputação objetiva, uma breve explanação sobre as instituições essenciais que, juntamente com a proibição de regresso, servem como limitadoras da relação causal entre ação e resultado, constatando-se uma forte interdependência entre os critérios Antes de penetrar a temática específica da proibição de regresso, busca-se a apresentação histórica das tentativas anteriores de resolução do problema da causalidade, apontando-se, com base em Jakobs, o ponto onde cada corrente tem seu esforço frustrado. Já dentro do objeto deste trabalho, demonstra-se o esforço de Jakobs rumo a uma transição entre a ideia de evitação do resultado, vivamente presente na visão da proteção dos bens jurídicos, para a concepção da finalidade da pena, na qual o normativismo-funcional se apoia. Aprofunda-se, em tópico específico, a importância da verificação da existência de uma posição de garante na relação potencialmente delituosa, explicando-se as diferentes possibilidades que nascem da constatação desse dever para o fim de se aplicar ou não a proibição de regresso. A relevância do critério da proibição de regresso ao tema da acessoriedade de condutas está presente no distanciamento de subjetivismos na análise, importando, ao novo exame, a verificação da neutralidade da conduta e da existência prévia de uma posição de garante. Por fim, percebe-se um mínimo ético em meio ao normativismo de Jakobs, presente no dever geral de solidariedade e sua relação com delitos de omissão de socorro, o que pondera a peremptória sentença de que “nem tudo é assunto de todos”, corrigindo algumas possíveis falhas na aplicação da proibição de regresso.The purpose of this monograph is to investigate the importance of the reformulation of the concept of prohibition of return operated in the theory of the objective imputation of Günther Jakobs, amid the current view of growth of the complexity and of the anonymous character of the social relations. For the target of the investigation, it is delineated, previously, the sociological and philosophical foundations that serve of base to the criminal law functionary-normative. The author appropriates Luhmann's observation about the complexity of contemporary social systems, as well as the need to build a legal subsystem that is in constant structural coupling with the social context. Moreover, there is Hegel's contribution to his classic conception of penalty as a sequence of evils that stabilizes the rule - which, in this work, is related to the idea of a Criminal Law that has as its scope the protection of norms. By entering into the fundamental concepts of their penal system, it is seen that the communicative understanding of crime generates a change in the analysis of social actors, who are no longer seen as individuals, but as people - beings constructed in a communicational way. The classical separation between acting and omitting gives way to the notion of roles, importing, in normative view, the existence or not of duty, which generates the separation between competence by organization and competence by institution. In addition, the problem of causality stop to be analyzed from a naturalistic point of view, gaining a normative meaning, which is very important to the prohibition of return. In an introduction to the theory of objective imputation, a brief explanation is given about the essential institutions, which together with the prohibition of return serve to limit the causal relation between action and result, and there is a strong interdependence between the criteria Before penetrating the specific theme of the prohibition of return, there is searched the historical presentation of previous attempts to solve the problem of causality, pointing out, based on Jakobs, the point where each chain has its frustrated effort. Within the object of this work, the effort of Jakobs is demonstrated towards a transition between the idea of avoidance of the result, vividly present in the vision of the protection of juridical goods, for the conception of the purpose of the sentence, in the which normativism-functional is supported. It is explored, on a specific topic, the importance of verifying the existence of a responsible person, position in the potentially criminal relation, explaining the different possibilities that arise from the finding of this duty for the purpose of applying or not the prohibition of return. The relevance of the criterion of the prohibition of return to the subject of accessory of conduct is present in the distance of subjectivism in the analysis, importing, to the new examination, the verification of the neutrality of the conduct and the previous existence of a position of responsible person. Finally, an ethical minimum is realized amid the normativism of Jakobs, present in the general duty of solidarity and its relation to crimes of omission of relief, which considers the peremptory sentence that "not everything is everyone's business", correcting possible failures in the application of the prohibition on return
a population-based prevalence study in women of reproductive age
No full textFunding Information: We thank Hidalgo Afonso and Gelson Vila Nova for the technical support in Região Autónoma do Príncipe and São Tomé territory, respectively. We also thank Rita Aguiar and Vasco Pessoa Jorge for lending their home and car during the whole stay of GQ and CB in São Tomé e Príncipe. For the support in the definition of the neighbourhoods as PSU we thank Idálio Luís and NGouabi Tiny da Trindade from Instituto Nacional de Estatística. The initial support and conversations with Joabi Nascimento, from Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, about population-based prevalence studies were also fundamental to developing our methodology. Finally, we thank the generosity and support of the administration of Hospital Dr. Ayres de Menezes, all the healthcare workers who helped us during fieldwork and the people of São Tomé e Príncipe. Funding Information: CIAS-UC (FCT: UIDB/00283/2020), APPDH and Forum Haematologico. This work was funded by CIAS - supported by FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., within the scope of the project UIDB/00283/2020CIAS-UC - who paid for the ARKRAY® Lab001 and reagents for all the laboratory work, the flight and travel expenses of CB, the flight to Príncipe of GQ and publishing fees. APPDH paid for the flights of GQ to São Tomé. Forum Hematologico de Coimbra paid for the impression of forms and informed consent. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Background: Sickle Cell Disorder is Africa’s most prevalent genetic disease. Yet, it remains a neglected condition, with high mortality under-five, and a lack of population-based studies in the region. This is the first of its kind in São Tomé e Príncipe, aiming to estimate the prevalence of sickle cell trait and other haemoglobin variants in women of reproductive age and its associated factors. Methods: We conducted a cluster survey in 35 neighbourhoods. Haemoglobin was assessed through point-of-care capillary electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography, and sociodemographic data through questionnaires. The weighted prevalence of sickle cell trait (HbAS) and HbC carriers was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). We calculated weighted prevalence ratios (95% CI) through robust Poisson regression for its association with age and individual and collective genetic heritage. Findings: The prevalence of sickle cell trait in women of reproductive age in São Tomé e Príncipe (n = 376) was 13.45% (95% CI: 9.05-19.00). The prevalence of HbC carriers was 8.00% (95% CI: 4.71-12.00). Older age and speaking Forro or Angolar were positively associated with having sickle cell trait. Interpretation: The prevalence of sickle cell trait in São Tomé e Príncipe ranks high in the West African region. The country should follow international guidelines, implementing newborn screening and comprehensive healthcare management.publishersversionpublishe
Intraductal fully covered self-expanding metal stents in the management of post-liver transplant anastomotic strictures: a UK wide experience
No full text\ua9 The Author(s), 2022. Background: Fully covered intraductal self-expanding metal stents (IDSEMS) have been well described in the management of post-liver transplant (LT) anastomotic strictures (ASs). Their antimigration waists and intraductal nature make them suited for deployment across the biliary anastomosis. Objectives: We conducted a multicentre study to analyse their use and efficacy in the management of AS. Design: This was a retrospective, multicentre observational study across nine tertiary centres in the United Kingdom. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with IDSEMS insertion were analysed retrospectively. Recorded variables included patient demographics, procedural characteristics, response to therapy and follow-up data. Results: In all, 162 patients (100 males, 62%) underwent 176 episodes of IDSEMS insertion for AS. Aetiology of liver disease in this cohort included hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 35, 22%), followed by alcohol-related liver disease (n = 29, 18%), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (n = 20, 12%), primary biliary cholangitis (n = 15, 9%), acute liver failure (n = 13, 8%), viral hepatitis (n = 13, 8%) and autoimmune hepatitis (n = 12, 7%). Early AS occurred in 25 (15%) cases, delayed in 32 (20%) cases and late in 95 (59%) cases. Age at transplant was 54 years (range, 12–74), and stent duration was 15 weeks (range, 3 days–78 weeks). In total, 131 (81%) had complete resolution of stricture at endoscopic re-evaluation. Stricture recurrence was observed in 13 (10%) cases, with a median of 19 weeks (range, 4–88 weeks) after stent removal. At removal, there were 21 (12%) adverse events, 5 (3%) episodes of cholangitis and 2 (1%) of pancreatitis. In 11 (6%) cases, the removal wires unravelled, and 3 (2%) stents migrated. All were removed endoscopically. Conclusion: IDSEMS appears to be safe and highly efficacious in the management of post-LT AS, with low rates of AS recurrence
