226 research outputs found
On the Point of View in Meian
No full textpdfIn a chapter entitled "On the Distance" in A Study of Literature (1907), Sōseki deals with the problem of narrative point of view and mentions the two major attitudes the author can take towards his work:" the critical" and "the sympathetic". Sōseki must have been conscious of his own narrative technique when he wrote Meian (Light and Darkness) (1916), the most novel -like work ever written by a Japanese novelist.
"The shadow of the author" is not altogether eliminated in Meian. The reader may feel the presence of the omniscient author throughout, and in some places hear his voice which is a "projection of (his) sensibility and intellect". In this sense Meian may be called "a critical work". Dramatic irony is effectively used in a relatively small number of places. A humorous tone is occasionally noticeable but not sustained throughout the work.
Meian may be regarded as "a sympathetic work" on the whole. Direct and narrated interior monologues are employed to make the reader sympathize and identify with character. Sōseki is more successful with Onobu than with Tsuda. His severely critical analysis of Tsuda's character somewhat spoils the reader 's interest and sympathy. And yet , the distance between the author and the character seems too short in some of Tsuda's interior monolojgues. Perhaps Sōseki's thematic concerns predominated over the artistic unity of the novel.conference pape
Reading the Binary Oppositious in Soseki Natsume's Meian (Light and Darkness)
No full text40020040028application/pdfThis essay considers Soseki Natsume's novel Meian(1916), unfinished at the author's death, and tries to illuminate the binary structure underlying the text. Although the title itself, Light and Darkness in English, refers to such a binary opposition, the structure of the binary in the book is not so evident. This essay carefully picks up some examples of the contra-distinctive plots in Meian, and concludes that the author intentionally set them there. Once the binary structures are set, however, they show vulnerability and fragility, opening up the door to a deconstructive moment.
From the perspective of the structural characteristics peculiar to this text, we trace the ways in which the author tries to mend Tsuda, the antagonist, who is described as a modern man, suffering from not only a bodily disease (haemorrhoids) but also mental corruption. We analyze the four treatments the author gives for Tsuda's malady. The first is implemented by Kobayashi, Tsuda's friend. The second is from a beggar, whom Tsuda catches a glimpse of. The third is from a letter written by an unknown person whom Tsuda feels a queer sympathy with, in spite of a disparity in their status. He at first finds all three apparently alienated and far away from himself. But, in the end, he is obliged to recognize that he has something in common with them, even that he is close to them. Tsuda's treatment is gradually implemented by this acknowledgement that he is even close to those whom he despised till then.
As the final treatment for Tsuda, he must confront Kiyoko, who left him for another man, and determine what she really thinks and who she really is. These questions are still a total enigma to Tsuda, who cannot forget Kiyoko even though he is married to another woman. This essay tries to take over this enigma from the author who did not finish the novel, and, in the light of the structural pattern of the text, to explain to derive the final answer that Tsuda may conclude. Even in the final treatment, in Kiyoko, he will have to acknowledge two conflicting elements, innocence and art, and to accept the way that they are reconciled in her personality.departmental bulletin pape
Supplemental_Tables20190123 – Supplemental material for Serum carbohydrate antigen 125 levels and incident risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population: The Dongfeng–Tongji cohort study
No full textSupplemental material, Supplemental_Tables20190123 for Serum carbohydrate antigen 125 levels and incident risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population: The Dongfeng–Tongji cohort study by Caizheng Yu, Qing Lei, Jing Wang, Xu Han, Fei Wang, Jing Yuan, Ping Yao, Sheng Wei, Youjie Wang, Yuan Liang, Xiaomin Zhang, Huan Guo, Handong Yang and Meian He in Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research</p
What “Sokutenkyoshi” is : Pride and Prejudice, The Vicar of Wakefield‚ and Meian
No full textapplication/pdfThe “sensation of reaction” is a concept proposed by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914). It is classified as Secondness. “Second is the conception of being relative to, the conception of reaction with, something else ” (Peirce 1891: 175). I propose a hypothesis that the pair of “Jikohoni” (self-centeredness) and “Sokutenkyoshi” (selfless devotion to justice), which was a lifelong key concept of NATSUME Sōseki (1867-1916), is deeply connected to “Sensation of reaction”. Sōseki said “Sokutenkyoshi” was reflected in Pride and Prejudice (1813) and The Vicar of Wakefield (1766). In Meian (1916), he tried to do the same.
Can we interpret the three works by the concept of “Sensation of reaction”?
In Section Ⅱ, I define the meaning of “Jikohoni” and “Sokutenkyoshi” in Bungakuron (1907), Sōseki”s most important document of literary theory, and compare them to Peirce’s concept. In Sections Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ, I interpret the three works based on the “Sensation of reaction”.
I conclude that “Jikohoni” and “Sokutenkyoshi” discussed in Bungakuron are comparable concepts to “Sensation of reaction” and constitute the structure of discourse realized in Meian.journal articl
『明暗』における二項対立構造 : 超克の可能性を読む
No full text40020040028application/pdfThis essay considers Soseki Natsume's novel Meian(1916), unfinished at the author's death, and tries to illuminate the binary structure underlying the text. Although the title itself, Light and Darkness in English, refers to such a binary opposition, the structure of the binary in the book is not so evident. This essay carefully picks up some examples of the contra-distinctive plots in Meian, and concludes that the author intentionally set them there. Once the binary structures are set, however, they show vulnerability and fragility, opening up the door to a deconstructive moment.
From the perspective of the structural characteristics peculiar to this text, we trace the ways in which the author tries to mend Tsuda, the antagonist, who is described as a modern man, suffering from not only a bodily disease (haemorrhoids) but also mental corruption. We analyze the four treatments the author gives for Tsuda's malady. The first is implemented by Kobayashi, Tsuda's friend. The second is from a beggar, whom Tsuda catches a glimpse of. The third is from a letter written by an unknown person whom Tsuda feels a queer sympathy with, in spite of a disparity in their status. He at first finds all three apparently alienated and far away from himself. But, in the end, he is obliged to recognize that he has something in common with them, even that he is close to them. Tsuda's treatment is gradually implemented by this acknowledgement that he is even close to those whom he despised till then.
As the final treatment for Tsuda, he must confront Kiyoko, who left him for another man, and determine what she really thinks and who she really is. These questions are still a total enigma to Tsuda, who cannot forget Kiyoko even though he is married to another woman. This essay tries to take over this enigma from the author who did not finish the novel, and, in the light of the structural pattern of the text, to explain to derive the final answer that Tsuda may conclude. Even in the final treatment, in Kiyoko, he will have to acknowledge two conflicting elements, innocence and art, and to accept the way that they are reconciled in her personality
supplemental material_R1.docx
No full textGenetic risk, a
healthy lifestyle, and type 2 diabetes: the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study</b
Introduction of the new bar examination and the changing effect of influential professors on its outcomes: The case of Japan 2006-2009
No full textJapan’s new bar examination has been administered since 2006. This paper attempts to analyze how professors selected as members of the committee (The Justice Ministry's committee of the new national bar examination) influence the results of the examination. I use a panel data set to control for unobservable characteristics of universities when the numbers of successful candidate are examined. The major findings are: (1) From 2006 to 2007, number of professors on the committee affected the number of successful candidates. Furthermore, committee members specializing in compulsory common subjects had a significant effect but those specializing in a selective subject had no effect. (2) From 2008 to 2009, neither type of committee member influenced the number of successful candidates. The unexpected outcomes in 2006 and 2007 are considered to be the result of shortcomings in the new bar examination. This is in line with concept that high-powered incentive schemes are likely to induce behavior distortions (Jacob and Levitt, 2003). In 2008 and 2009, it is thought that social pressure against such unexpected behavior deterred such unfair behavior.New bar examination, Behavior distortion, Fairness
Associations between essential metals levels and the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes
No full textSupplemental data for the "Associations between essential metals levels and the risks of all-cause and
cardiovascular disease mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes" </p
infection and the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese adults: The Dongfeng‐Tongji cohort
No full textThe Later Novels of Natsume Soseki: A Critical Study of the Mon, Higan Sugi Made, Kojin, Kokoro, Michikusa, and Meian
No full textDespite the fact that he is not as popular in the West as many of the more recent writers such as Kawabata Yasunari and Mishima Yukio, there is almost a consensus among the Japanese readers and critics that Natsume Soseki (1867-1916) is one of the greatest novelists in the history of modern Japanese literature. Unlike Kawabata and Mishima, whose contribution to Japanese literature is as great as Soseki's, however, it was Soseki who added intelliectual and philosophical substance to mere aesthetics, thereby elevating his novels to a higher spiritual level. This was possible, for Soseki himself was a professional scholar: he was not only a novelist, but also a haiku/kanshi poet, a painter, a calligrapher, an essayist, and a literary critic. Moreover, hewas a brilliant scholar of Japanese classics, Chinese studies, and English literature, as well as an eminent professor and philosopher
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