308,349 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Eutrichosomella veenakumariae Hayat, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Eutrichosomella veenakumariae</i> Hayat, sp. nov. <p>(Figs 1–10, 43)</p> <p> <i>Female.</i> Holotype. Length, 1.10 mm. Head white up to malar sulcus and on occiput above foramen; rest of occiput dark brown; malar space behind sulcus brownish. Mandible with teeth black. Palps white. Antenna white, scape with pale brown suffusions. Mesosoma with pronotum dark brown; mid lobe of mesoscutum pale brownish white, with anterior margin dark brown and sides and posterior margin narrowly white; side lobes of mesoscutum white; axilla white with side brownish; scutellum white; sides of metanotum dark brown; propodeum medially in about anterior half light brown, otherwise white; tegula white with apical third pale brown; prepectus white; mesopleuron and metapleuron brown. Fore wing (Fig. 6) infuscated except about basal third and apex narrowly hyaline, with width of hyaline apex about 0.12× width of infuscated area. Hind wing hyaline. Legs, including coxae, largely white, except as follows: fore coxa white with pale brown suffusions; fore femur with upper margin and about basal third of lower margin, pale brown; mid femur in upper third except apex, pale brown; mid tibia basally pale brown; hind coxa with pale brown suffusions; hind femur with upper margin and hind tibia with lower margin, brownish yellow; last segment of hind tarsus pale brown. Petiole white except lateral margins, brown; gaster dark brown, with TI medially in about anterior half white.</p> <p> Head, in frontal view, very slightly higher than broad (Fig. 2); frontovertex width, at narrowest, 0.1× head width, and at anterior ocellus 0.23× head width; scrobes inverted V-shaped; antennal torulus separated from mouth margin by slightly less than torulus height; eye height 1.7× malar space; vertex with fine polygonal reticulate sculpture; frons smooth; facial region anterior to malar sulcus with fine, but distinct polygonal reticulate sculpture, behind sulcus with slightly deeper polygonally reticulate sculpture which becomes elongate reticulate laterally; setae all brown to dark brown (Figs 2, 3), those on vertex bristle-like, especially a pair behind posterior ocelli; occiput above with 4 pairs of bristle-like setae of which one pair is longer than width of vertex at level of posterior ocelli; eye moderately densely setose, setae brown, and each seta longer than a facet. Mandible with two teeth and a truncation (Fig. 2). Antenna (Fig. 1) with scape about 4× as long as broad; pedicel 2.4× as long as broad, and as long as F2 and F3 combined; F1 slightly broader than long; F2 and F3 each slightly longer than broad; clava 3.14× as long as broad, apex slightly obliquely rounded; longitudinal sensilla absent on F1. <i>Relative measurements</i> (holotype, slide) at 100×—head frontal width, 42; head frontal height, 44; frontovertex width at anterior ocellus, 10; eye height, 29; malar space, 17; scape length, 19. Antennal segments, length (width) at 400×—scape, 78 (19); pedicel, 35 (14.5); F1, 12 (13); F2, 16 (14); F3, 19 (17); clava, 74 (23.5).</p> <p> Mesosoma (Fig. 4) on slide, 1.16× as long as metasoma; pronotum with raised, polygonal reticulate sculpture, cells slightly transversely elongate; mid lobe of mesoscutum with regular, fine, polygonal reticulate sculpture, sculpture gradually fading posteriorly; sculpture on side lobe same as on mid lobe, but finer; axilla with raised reticulate sculpture, which becomes slightly elongate reticulate on side; scutellum with elongate reticulate to lineolate reticulate sculpture; metanotum medially with fine, irregular, polygonal reticulate sculpture; propodeum appears smooth; setae on mesosomal tergites as follows: each half of pronotal collar with a line of short setae, and 1 long bristle-like seta at posterolateral corner; mid lobe of mesoscutum with several setae of which 1 seta at each anterolateral corner long and bristle-like; each side lobe of mesoscutum with 1 short and 2 long setae; each axilla with 1 bristle-like seta; scutellum with 4 bristle-like setae located in posterior half, anterior pair of setae shorter than posterior pair; propodeum beginning proximal end of spiracle with several setae (Fig. 5). [Mesofurca about as in other species of the genus (Fig. 43; Heraty et al. 1997: fig. 10] Fore wing (Fig. 6) 3.14× as long as broad; costal cell short, about 0.58× marginal vein; submarginal vein with 4 or 5 setae, parastigma with 1 seta, marginal vein with 16–17 setae; postmarginal vein absent (Fig. 7); stigmal vein with a short neck, and with 4 circular sensilla; costal cell without setae on either dorsal or ventral surfaces; linea calva narrow, short, anteriorly closed by several lines of setae, and posteriorly closed by 2 lines of setae. Hind wing 4.57× as long as broad; longest marginal fringe 0.35× wing width. <i>Relative measurements</i> (holotype, slide)—mesosoma length, 64; mesoscutum length (width), 25 (33); mid lobe length (width), 25 (23); axilla width, 10; width of anterior margin of scutellum, 7; scutellum length (width), 22 (21); metanotum median length, 3.5; propodeum median length, 10.5; mid tibia length, 45; mid basitarsus length, 17; mid tibial spur length, 13.</p> <p> Metasoma (Fig. 8) with apex rounded; cercal plates situated near apex of gaster; each cercal plate with 1 short and 3 long setae; ovipositor not exserted; TI–TVII with setae as follows: TI–TIV each, 4–6 + 4–6; TV and TVI each with a complete line; TVII, 6. <i>Relative measurements</i> (holotype, slide)—metasoma length, 55; ovipositor length, 33; third valvula length, 7.75.</p> <p> <i>Male.</i> Similar to female, except as follows. Antenna as in Fig. 9; genitalia (Fig. 10) with phallobase short, about 2× as long as broad, broadest anteriorly; parameres absent; digiti long, each digitus about 0.5× phallobase length; apex of each digitus with two short denticles and a fine seta; aedeagus 1.21× as long as phallobase, and equal in length to mid basitarsus.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype (NBAII, registration No. ICAR / NBAII / APHL 5),♀ (on slide under 4 coverslips), labelled “ INDIA: ANI [Andaman & Nicobar Islands]: Middle Andaman, Panchavati, 24.i.2013 (No.1259), Coll. K. Veenakumari” and “Ex Oothecae of cockroach” [The number 1259 refers to the collection number of host bred material maintained by Dr. K. Veenakumari]</p> <p>Paratypes. 15♀, 1 ♂ (3 females on cards, remaining specimens on 6 slides), with data same as for the holotype. (3♀, in NPC, registration No. 13/6/158/1; 8♀, in NBAII, registration No. ICAR / NBAII / APHL 6–10; 4♀, 1♂, in ZDAMU, registration No. HYM. CH.694)</p> <p> <b>Host.</b> Oothecae of cockroach (Blattodea)</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species is named after Dr. K. Veenakumari, who collected the specimens of this new species.</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> In 1981 (see Hayat 1983), I examined the types of the five Girault species of <i>Eutrichosomella</i> (<i>E. aereiscapus</i>, <i>E. albiclava</i>, <i>E. albifemora</i>, <i>E. blattophaga</i>, <i>E. multifasciata</i>) to verify if four of the species were congeneric with the type species, <i>E. albiclava</i>, made brief notes on these species and drew some figures. Later, Hayat & Fatima (1999) examined the types of the species of <i>Aphelinus</i> Dalman described by Girault from Australia, and transferred <i>A. voltairei</i> Girault to <i>Eutrichosomella</i>. I am depending on the original descriptions and my brief notes and figures for comparison with the new species described here.</p> <p> The new species differs from the six Girault species and <i>E. insularis</i> Timberlake by the following combination of characters: antennal scape very slightly longer than clava (78:74); F1 trapezoidal, slightly broader than long; F2 shorter than F3, but both slightly longer than broad; setae on frontovertex and mesothoracic tergites long and bristle-like; the apical pair of scutellar setae nearly twice as long as the anterior pair of setae; scutellum with raised, lineolate reticulate sculpture; propodeum median length 3× median length of metanotum; fore wing more than 3× as long as broad, with apical hyaline area very narrow, width about 0.12× width of the infuscate area; head with frontovertex and face white; antenna white, scape with pale brown suffusions; propodeum white except pale brown in about middle of anterior half; gaster dark brown, with white medially in about anterior half of TI.</p> <p> The new species appears similar to the Indian species, <i>E. indica</i> Singh (in Singh & Srinivasa 2010) and quite different from <i>E. keralaensis</i> Manickavasagam & Menakadevi (2012) as evident from the following key to the three Indian species.</p>Published as part of <i>Hayat, Mohammad, 2014, Eutrichosomellini (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) from India, with description of two new genera, pp. 425-442 in Zootaxa 3821 (4)</i> on pages 428-432, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.4.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/251113">http://zenodo.org/record/251113</a>
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Güncel fıkıh meseleleri bağlamında ölüm: Ötanazi, intihar, bitkisel hayat ve beyin ölümü
No full textKur’an-ı Kerim’de dünya hayatı, ahiret için bir hazırlık süreci olarak görülürken; ölüm, bu hazırlığın tamamlandığı ve asıl hayata geçişin başladığı bir eşiktir. Mülk Suresi’nin ikinci ayetinde geçen “O, hanginizin daha güzel amel edeceğini denemek için ölümü ve hayatı yaratandır.” ifadesinde ölümün önce zikredilmesi, Şevkani (v. 1250/1834) tarafından, ölümün ahiret hayatına açılan kapı olması hasebiyle önceliğine işaret olarak yorumlanmıştır.1 Bu nedenle İslam düşüncesi, ölümü olumsuz ve kaçınılması gereken bir son olarak değil; bilakis insanı Allah’a yaklaştıran, dönüştürücü ve anlamlı bir tecrübe olarak değerlendirir. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.v)’in, ölümü sıkça anmayı teşvik etmesi ve “Eğer hayat benim için hayırlı ise beni yaşat, ölüm hayırlı ise canımı al.” şeklindeki duası, müslümanın hayat ile ölüm arasında sürekli bir bilinç hali içinde yaşaması gerektiğini ortaya koyar.2 İbn Sina (v. 428/1037)’dan İbn Miskeveyh (v. 421/1030)’e kadar birçok İslam düşünürü, ölümü yokluk değil, bir halden başka bir hale geçiş olarak tasvir etmiştir.3 Aynı şekilde ölümün yokluk olmadığını ifade eden Gazzali, ölümü kulun dünyadan ayrılması ve Allah’ın huzuruna varması olarak niteler. Kısacası İslam düşüncesinde ölüm, transformatif, olumlu ve kulu Allah’a yaklaştıran bir deneyimdir. Bu yaklaşım, modern biyomedikal etik tartışmalarında sıklıkla gündeme gelen ötanazi, bitkisel hayat ve intihar gibi meselelerin, İslami perspektiften değerlendirilmesinde belirleyici bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Çünkü İslam, dünya hayatını salt fiziksel bir varoluş olarak değil, anlam yüklü bir emanet ve ilahi bir imtihan zemini olarak görür. Dolayısıyla ötanazi, beyin ölümü ve bitkisel hayat gibi meseleler, yalnızca bireysel acı veya fayda üzerinden değil, insan hayatının kutsallığı, imtihan ve ahiret perspektifi çerçevesinde tartışılmalıdır
Hayat Bilgisi Dersi Genel Amaçlar n n Avrupa Birli i E itim Politikalar na Uyum Düzeyi
No full textBu çal man n amac , Hayat Bilgisi Dersi genel amaçlar n n Avrupa
Birli i e itim politikalar na uyum düzeyini belirleyebilmek/ir. 2004-2005
ö retim y l nda Erzurum, Erzincan ve A r merkez ilkö retim okullar nda
görev yapan ö retmenler aras nda ans yoluyla seçilen 300 ö retmen ve
Atatürk Üniversitesine ba l Kaz m Kardbekir, Erzincan ve A r E itim
Fakültelerinde okuyan 450 son s nif ö renciye veri toplama arac
uygulanm t r. Bulgular yüzde (%), frekans (j), t testi, ve F testi istatistiksel
teknikleri kullan larak çözümlenerek sonuç ve öneri/ere gidilmi tir. Bu
ba lamda Avrupa Birli i 'ne uyum sürecinde e itim ile ilgili istenen artlar
ve bunlar n Hayat Bilgisi dersi genel amaçlar n n uyum düzeyi, e itim
sistemimizde yap lacak yenilikleri s nif ö retmenli i adaylar n n ve
ö retmenlerin görü lerini de alarak b0lirlemek, Türkiye 'deki e itim
aç s ndan ve etkili bir vatanda yeti tirmek aç s ndan önem ta mak ad r.The aim ollhis sludl' is lo de ermine he wjoplalion feve! ~l he
~elleT(lf aims of Humal i ies ('our.~e lo European Union education policies,
I 200-1-2005 educa/ional year. he dall cofleC/ion instrument was applied
LO rani/oml" selecteel ]00 eachers workin~ in Erzurum, Erzincan and A r
cily center primory school.\' and -I50.fhur yeors stMents in Kaz m Karabekir
Fac lty (d' Educalion, Er::incan ond A r Faculty of Education of Alolürk
University. The dala were mw~v::ed according lo percenlage (%), frequency
(i). Hesl, and F lesi techniques and some implications were made. Thus to
lidermine, in he (I(joplion process ofEU, he requirements about educalion.
he "doplion level ofHumanities Course and the new char/ges in Ihe system
~lol/r edl caliol1. in the /i~h of eocher candidales and leachers ofprimar:y
schools is importan in lerlns of he educolion in Turkey ond get ing on
e.flec ive citizen
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
Hayat Qureshi, Paul Martin
No full textMade available by the Northern Territory Library via the Publications (Legal Deposit) Act 2004 (NT).1. Introduction -- 2. The Study area -- 3. Regional geologic setting -- 4. Hydrogelogy -- 5. Previous uranium exploration -- 6. Major ion chemistry -- 7. Groundwater Ra-226 activity concentrations -- 8. Groundwater radionuclide anaylyses -- 9. Analyses of drill chip and core samples -- 10. Conclusions -- 11. Recommendations -- Acknowledgements references -- Appendix A: Glossary -- Appendix B: Water quality data.Date:199
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