117,310 research outputs found
Effects of a light-colored cotton rug use on horse thermoregulation and behavior indicators of stress
No full textWhen environmental temperatures exceed 25°C, horses are potentially subjected to thermal stress. It has therefore been recommended that horses should be provided with shade during hot days. However, this is not possible for horses grazing on many Australian rural properties. Although the positive effect that solar radiation blocking can have on reducing heat absorption is understood by some, conflicting views, mostly anecdotal, exist on the use of a light cotton rug on horses for this purpose. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effects of wearing a light-colored cotton rug on horse heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), sweat production, and selected stress-related behaviors. Data were collected for 2 groups of university-owned horses (n = 8 and 10, respectively). The horses were tied in an outdoor arena in direct sunlight for 2 hours on 2 different days (D1 and D2). Baseline behavioral and physiological data (T0) were noted, recording frequency (n/10 min) of tail swishing, licking-chewing, pawing, repeated head movements, and self-care and recording HR, RR, RT, and sweat production using a sweat score (0 = none to 5 = excessive). Half of the horses were then fitted with a light cotton rug, and all horses were observed and monitored at regular 15-minute intervals for a further 2 hours (T1-T8). The effect of repetition (D1 and D2) and time (T0-T8) was not significant; therefore, the data were combined and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test with rug (rugged/unrugged) as the independent variable. RT and sweat score were significantly lower in unrugged horses compared to rugged horses (37.4 ± 0.3 vs. 37.7 ± 0.3°C; 0.5 ± 0.8 vs. 1.9 ± 1.3, respectively; P < 0.001). However, unrugged horses showed a significantly higher frequency of tail swishing and pawing (23.1 ± 25.9 vs. 8.7 ± 11.0 n/10 min; P < 0.001; 9.4 ± 21.2 vs. 5.8 ± 17.4 n/10 min; P = 0.018). Although wearing a rug did not have an effect on the other parameters, it is worth noting that HR, RR, and the occurrence of stress-related behaviors were higher than normal values for equids, suggesting that horses were potentially prone to discomfort. Overall, it appears that the use of light-colored cotton rugs may help reduce the irritation caused to horses by flying insects as evidenced by less tail swishing but may also lead to an increase in internal temperature and subsequently sweat production, increasing the risk of thermal stress and loss of electrolytes. Wearing a rug is not an adequate substitute for the provision of shade when ambient temperatures exceed 25°C
Effects of a light colored cotton rug use on horse thermoregulation and behavior indicators of stress
No full textWhen environmental temperatures exceed 25°C, horses are potentially subjected to thermal stress. It has therefore been recommended that horses should be provided with shade during hot days. However, this is not possible for horses grazing on many Australian rural properties. Although the positive effect that solar radiation blocking can have on reducing heat absorption is understood by some, conflicting views, mostly anecdotal, exist on the use of a light cotton rug on horses for this purpose. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effects of wearing a light-colored cotton rug on horse heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), sweat production, and selected stress-related behaviors. Data were collected for 2 groups of university-owned horses (n = 8 and 10, respectively). The horses were tied in an outdoor arena in direct sunlight for 2 hours on 2 different days (D1 and D2). Baseline behavioral and physiological data (T0) were noted, recording frequency (n/10 min) of tail swishing, licking-chewing, pawing, repeated head movements, and self-care and recording HR, RR, RT, and sweat production using a sweat score (0 = none to 5 = excessive). Half of the horses were then fitted with a light cotton rug, and all horses were observed and monitored at regular 15-minute intervals for a further 2 hours (T1-T8). The effect of repetition (D1 and D2) and time (T0-T8) was not significant; therefore, the data were combined and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test with rug (rugged/unrugged) as the independent variable. RT and sweat score were significantly lower in unrugged horses compared to rugged horses (37.4 ± 0.3 vs. 37.7 ± 0.3°C; 0.5 ± 0.8 vs. 1.9 ± 1.3, respectively; P < 0.001). However, unrugged horses showed a significantly higher frequency of tail swishing and pawing (23.1 ± 25.9 vs. 8.7 ± 11.0 n/10 min; P < 0.001; 9.4 ± 21.2 vs. 5.8 ± 17.4 n/10 min; P = 0.018). Although wearing a rug did not have an effect on the other parameters, it is worth noting that HR, RR, and the occurrence of stress-related behaviors were higher than normal values for equids, suggesting that horses were potentially prone to discomfort. Overall, it appears that the use of light-colored cotton rugs may help reduce the irritation caused to horses by flying insects as evidenced by less tail swishing but may also lead to an increase in internal temperature and subsequently sweat production, increasing the risk of thermal stress and loss of electrolytes. Wearing a rug is not an adequate substitute for the provision of shade when ambient temperatures exceed 25°C
Rider Variables Affecting the Stirrup Directional Force Asymmetry during Simulated Riding Trot
No full textRiders' asymmetry may cause back pain in both human and equine athletes. This pilot study aimed at documenting in a simple and quick way asymmetry in riders during a simulation of three different riding positions on wooden horseback using load cells applied on the stirrup leathers and identifying possible associations between riders' asymmetry and their gender, age, level of riding ability, years of riding experience, riding style, motivation of riding, primary discipline and handedness. After completing an interview to obtain the previously mentioned information, 147 riders performed a standardized test on a saddle fixed on a wooden horseback-shaped model. The riding simulation was split into three phases of 1 min each: (1) sit in the saddle, (2) standing in the stirrups and (3) rising trot. The directional force on the left and the right stirrup leathers was recorded every 0.2 s. A paired t-test was performed on the recorded data to test the difference (i.e., asymmetry) in each phase. In phases 1, 2 and 3, 99.3% (53.4% heavier on the right (R)), 98% (52.8% heavier on the left (L)) and 46.3% (51.5% heavier on the left (L)) of the riders were asymmetrical, respectively. Chi-square tests showed a significant association between riding ability and riding experience, but no significant association between reported handedness and calculated leg-sidedness (p > 0.05). Univariate logistic (1: asymmetry, 0: symmetry) regression analysis was performed only on the phase 3 data. One-hand riders were found twice more likely to be asymmetrical than two-hand riders (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.18, Confidence Interval (CI): 1.1-4.29; p = 0.024). This preliminary study confirmed that the majority of the riders are asymmetrical in load distribution on stirrups and suggested the riding style as a possible risk factor for asymmetry
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Square Dancing with the Stars to Enhance Dynamic Hirschman Linkages?
No full textIn this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.Presidential Address, San Antonio, Texas, March 29, 2014 (53rd Meetings of the Southern Regional Science Association
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Letter from unknown writer to Jesse L. Boyce
No full textLetter to Jesse L. Boyce from unknown author (possibly Jack) about the investigation into the powder magazine located in the Grand Canyon. Some personal news is included in the letter such as the writer's marriage to the daughter of C.A. Taylor, former Supervisor of Cochise County
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Sarah L. Blum Author Visit - Warrior Nurse: PTSD and Healing
No full textHear Sarah L. Blum, author of Women Under Fire: Abuse in the Military, discuss her newest book, Warrior Nurse: PTSD and Healing followed by a Q&A and book signing.
Sarah L. Blum is a decorated Vietnam veteran who served as an operating room nurse during the intense fighting of 1967. In recognition of her service, she was awarded the Army Commendation Medal.
Sponsored by CWU Veterans Center and CWU Libraries.https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/libraryevents/1252/thumbnail.jp
Lillian L. Lambert, Author, Speaker, and Entrepreneur
No full textLillian L. Lambert, Author, Speaker, and Entrepreneu
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