1,580 research outputs found
Phylogenetic assessment of heterotrophic bacteria from a water distribution system using 16S rDNA sequencing
No full textDetermination of a heterotrophic plate count (HPC) for drinking-water samples alone is not enough to assess possible health hazards associated with sudden changes in the bacterial count. Speciation is very crucial to determine whether the population includes pathogens and (or) opportunistic pathogens. Most of the isolates recovered from drinking water samples could not be allocated to a specific phylogenetic branch based on the use of conventional diagnostic methods. The present study had to use phylogenetic analysis, which was simplified by determining and using the first 500-bp sequence of the 16S rDNA, to successfully identify the type and species of bacteria found in the samples. Gram-positive bacteria α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria were found to be the major groups representing the heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water. The study also revealed that the presence of sphingomonads in drinking water supplies may be much more common than has been reported so far and thus further studies are merited. The intermittent mode of supply, mainly characterized by water stagnation and flow interruption associated possibly with biofilm detachment, raised the possibility that the studied bacterial populations in such systems represented organisms coming from 2 different niches, the biofilm and the water column. © 2005 NRC Canada.Abraham WR, 1999, INT J SYST BACTERIOL, V49, P1053; AMY PS, 1992, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V58, P3367; Assanta MA, 1998, J FOOD PROTECT, V61, P1321; BEJ AK, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P2429; BOTTGER EC, 1989, FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, V65, P171, DOI 10.1016-0378-1097(89)90386-8; Boye K, 1999, MICROBIOL RES, V154, P23; BRAUNHOWLAND EB, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P3219; BURKE V, 1984, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V48, P367; CARSON LA, 1978, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V36, P839; Chang CT, 2002, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V68, P3159, DOI 10.1128-AEM.68.6.3159-3161.2002; CLARK J, 1977, CAN J MICROBIOL, V26, P827; Covert TC, 1999, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V65, P2492; Dewettinck T, 2001, APPL MICROBIOL BIOT, V57, P412, DOI 10.1007-s002530100797; Domingo JWS, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V47, P149; Fernandez M, 1997, PEDIATR INFECT DIS J, V16, P1007, DOI 10.1097-00006454-199710000-00023; Francis CA, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P3758, DOI 10.1016-S0043-1354(01)00073-2; Furuhata K, 1993, Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi, V40, P1047; GELDREICH EE, 1985, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V77, P72; GILARDI GL, 1984, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V20, P626; HIRAISHI A, 1995, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V61, P2099; HOLMBERG SD, 1986, ANN INTERN MED, V105, P683; HOLMES B, 1994, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V32, P1970; Holt J. G., 1994, BERGEYS MANUAL DETER; Joseph SW, 2000, ASM NEWS, V66, P218; Kalmbach S, 1999, INT J SYST BACTERIOL, V49, P769; KAYE KM, 1992, CLIN INFECT DIS, V14, P1010; KIM S, 2000, INT J SYST EVOL MICR, V6, P2031; KIROV SM, 1993, INT J FOOD MICROBIOL, V20, P179, DOI 10.1016-0168-1605(93)90164-C; KLINGLER JM, 1992, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V58, P2089; Kolbert CP, 1999, CURR OPIN MICROBIOL, V2, P299, DOI 10.1016-S1369-5274(99)80052-6; KORVICK JA, 1989, ARCH INTERN MED, V149, P1449, DOI 10.1001-archinte.149.6.1449; Koskinen R, 2000, J APPL MICROBIOL, V89, P687, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2672.2000.01167.x; Kuhn I, 1997, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V63, P2708; LANE DJ, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P6955, DOI 10.1073-pnas.82.20.6955; Lechevallier M.W., 1980, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V30, P739; MAKI JS, 1986, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V51, P1047; Merino S, 1995, INT J FOOD MICROBIOL, V28, P157, DOI 10.1016-0168-1605(95)00054-2; Norton CD, 2000, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V66, P268; PATT TE, 1976, INT J SYST BACTERIOL, V26, P226; PEARSON WR, 1988, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V85, P2444, DOI 10.1073-pnas.85.8.2444; Perola O, 2002, J HOSP INFECT, V50, P196, DOI 10.1053-jhin.2001.1163; Pollock TJ, 1999, J IND MICROBIOL BIOT, V23, P436, DOI 10.1038-sj.jim.2900710; REASONER DJ, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V49, P1; Rice EW, 2000, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V38, P4296; RUTHERFORD PC, 1988, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V26, P2441; Schubert RHW, 2000, INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL, V203, P83, DOI 10.1078-S1438-4639(04)70012-7; Sekiguchi H, 2002, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V68, P5142, DOI 10.1128-AEM.68.10.5142-5150.2002; September SM, 2004, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V70, P7571, DOI 10.1128-AEM.70.12.7571-7573.2004; SPINO DF, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V50, P1213; Springer B, 1996, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V34, P296; STACKEBRANDT E, 1988, INT J SYST BACTERIOL, V38, P321; Tang YW, 1998, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V36, P3674; Tokajian S, 2004, WATER QUAL RES J CAN, V39, P64; TOKAJIAN S, 2004, J CHEMOTHERAPY, V16, P104; Tokajian S, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V47, P229; Tokajian S, 2004, J WATER HEALTH, V2, P115; Ultee A, 2004, J APPL MICROBIOL, V96, P560, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2672.2004.02174.x; VANDEPEER Y, 1994, COMPUT APPL BIOSCI, V10, P569; Williams MM, 2004, J APPL MICROBIOL, V96, P954, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2672.2004.02229.x; WINTZINGERODE F, 1999, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V65, P283; Woo PCY, 2000, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V38, P3515; 1994, MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAM30302
Author Identifcation in Short Texts
No full textMost research on author identification considers large texts. Not many research is done on author identification for short texts, while short texts are commonly used since the rise of digital media. The anonymous nature of internet applications offers possibilities to use the internet for illegitimate purposes. In these cases, it can be very useful to be able to predict who the author of a message is. Van der Knaap and Grootjen [28] showed that authors of short texts can be identified using single words (word unigrams)
with Formal Concept Analysis.
In theory, grammatical information can also be used as an indication of the author of the text. Grammatical information can be captured by word bigrams. Word bigrams are pairs of successive words, so they reveal some information on the sentence structure the author used. For this thesis I performed experiments using word bigrams as features for author identification to determine whether performance increases compared to using word unigrams as features. In most languages many grammatical relations within a sentence are between words that are not successive. The DUPIRA parser, a natural language parser for Dutch, produces dependency triplets that represent relations between non successive words, based on the Dutch grammar. I used these triplets as features, either alone or in combination with unigrams or bigrams. People often use smileys when communicating with someone using digital media.
Therefore, I also examined the influence of smileys on author identification.
The messages used for the experiments are obtained from the subsection `Eurovision Songfestival 2010' of the fok.nl message board. With these messages the data files for 7 feature sets were constructed: word unigrams excluding smileys, word unigrams including smileys, word bigrams excluding smileys, word bigrams including smileys, only dependency triplets, triplets+word unigrams, triplets+word bigrams. A support vector machine algorithm (SVM) was used as the classification method. This is a commonly used algorithm for author identification. There are different implementations of SVM. In this thesis SMO, LibSVM and LibLINEAR are compared. The LibLINEAR algorithm gave the best results.
The results revealed that in all conditions the performance is above chance level. So all reveal some information about the author. The performance for the word unigrams including smileys showed the best results, while the performance using the dependency triplets is the lowest. Results also revealed that when smileys are considered the performance increases, so smileys provide additional information about
the author
Polymer multimode waveguide optical and electronic PCB manufacturing
No full textThe paper describes the research in the £1.3 million IeMRC Integrated Optical and Electronic Interconnect PCB Manufacturing (OPCB) Flagship Project in which 8 companies and 3 universities carry out collaborative research and which was formed and is technically led by the author. The consortium’s research is aimed at investigating a range of fabrication techniques, some established and some novel, for fabricating polymer multimode waveguides from several polymers, some formulations of which are being developed within the project. The challenge is to develop low cost waveguide manufacturing techniques compatible with commercial PCB manufacturing and to reduce their alignment cost. The project aims to take the first steps in making this hybrid optical waveguide and electrical copper track printed circuit board disruptive technology widely available by establishing and incorporating waveguide design rules into commercial PCB layout software and transferring the technology for fabricating such boards to a commercial PCB manufacturer. To focus the research the project is designing an optical waveguide backplane to tight realistic constraints, using commercial layout software with the new optical design rules, for a demonstrator into which 4 daughter cards are plugged, each carrying an aggregate of 80 Gb/s data so that each waveguide carries 10 Gb/s
Il problema del fondamento in F.A. Lange
No full textIl contributo di F.A. Lange, autore della nota "Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart", alla ripresa del pensiero kantiano. Centralità della "Kritik der reinen Vernunft" e della sua rivoluzione. La "psychophysische Organisation" alla base dell'attività teoretica.The contribution of Fr. Albert Lange, author of the famous "Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart", to the "zurück zu Kant". The key role of “Kritik der reinen Vernunft” and its revolution. The “psychophysische Organisation” at the base of theoretical activity
Author Correction: Human neutrophils phagocytose and kill Acinetobacter baumannii and A. pittii
No full textAdrián Fernández was omitted from the author list in the original version of this Article. This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article, and in the accompanying Supplementary Information file. The updated Author List now reads: María Lázaro-Díez, Itziar Chapartegui-González, Santiago Redondo-Salvo, Chike Leigh, David Merino, David San Segundo, Adrián Fernández, Jesús Navas, José Manuel Icardo, Félix Acosta, Alain Ocampo-Sosa, Luis Martínez-Martínez & José Ramos-Vivas The Author Contributions section now reads: J.R.V. conceived the experiments, J.R.V and D.S.S. designed the experiments, M.L.D., I.C.G., S.R.S., C.L., D.M., A. F., F.A., A.O.S., J.M.I. and J.R.V. performed the experiments, M.L.D., I.C.G., J.N., F.A., J.M.I. L.M.M. and J.R.V. analyzed the data, A.O.S., D.S.S., J.N., F.A., J.M.I. contributed with reagents/materials/analysis tools, J.R.V. wrote the paper. All authors reviewed the manuscript.1,244,379Q1Q1SCI
The Case Against Redistribution: F.A. Hayek on Social Justice
No full textIn this thesis, F.A. Hayek\u27s argument is against social justice is given context, discussed, and evaluated. Hayek was one of the leading voices of libertarian ideology in the Twentieth Century. While Road to Serfdom is his most popular work, Hayek\u27s philosophy is most fully expressed in his three volume set, Law, Legislation and Liberty. His thoughts against social justice are found the in the second volume, entitled The Mirage of Social Justice. It is the conclusion of the author that Hayek\u27s argument against social justice, in the form of redistribution, falls short as it depends on a presupposition that an evolutionary moral and legal process will necessarily end in securing a libertarian style of government. The only possible means of salvaging the argument would to accept inherent and inviolable human rights, which Hayek fundamentally rejects as he claims the Kantian tradition
La función del juez en el pensamiento de F.A. Hayek
No full textThis paper shows the relationship between the due process and the liberal theory of law of Friedrich Hayek. The author highlights the rules of just conduct in contrast of result rules. The author sustains that Hayek’s theory applies not only to substantive law, but also to adjective law. At the same time, he explains the function of judges in a liberal order in contrast to the activist approach. As a conclusion, the author defends that an adversarial system founded in rules of just conduct is vital for a Free Society, in opposition to an inquisitorial system, or a mixture of them.En este artículo se aborda la relación entre debido proceso y la teoría liberal del derecho de F.A. Hayek, con énfasis en las normas de recta conducta en contraposición a las normas de resultado. Se postula que la teoría de Hayek no sólo es aplicable al derecho sustancial, sino que también al derecho procesal. Al mismo tiempo, se explica la misión del juez en un orden liberal y garantista, contraria a la postura activista del juez. Concluyendo que un sistema acusatorio fundado en normas de recta conducta es indispensable para una Sociedad Libre, en oposición a sistemas inquisitivos o mixtos
MCTS on model-based Bayesian Reinforcement Learning for efficient learning in Partially Observable environments
No full textAccepted author manuscriptInteractive Intelligenc
Structure of Rubidium and Strontium Nuclides of Mass 90 and 91
No full textTitle: Structure of Rubidium and Strontium Nuclides of Mass 90 and 91, Author: James F.A. Mason, Location: ThodeThe level structures of 90,91Rb and 90,91Sr, as populated in beta decay, have been investigated using Ge(Li) and NaI(Tl) gamma ray and plastic beta ray spectrometers, and standard spectroscopic techniques. Beta-gamma and gamma-gamma coincidence experiments have been used to establish twelve levels in 90Rb, four levels in 91Rb and to determine the ground state Q-values for the decay of
both 90Kr and 91Kr. Thirty-one levels have been proposed in 90Sr and eighteen in 91Sr on the basis of gamma-gamma coincidence experiments only. The lifetime of the first excited state in 91Sr has also been measured.ThesisDoctor of Philosophy (PhD
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