1,721,408 research outputs found
Effects of Brownian force and pore structure on the removal of nanoparticles by porous membranes
Full text linkThis study investigated the effects of Brownian force on the transport and retention of nanoparticles within the pores of water filtration membranes using COMSOL Multiphysics®. Simulation results suggest that, at Péclet numbers below 10, the Brownian force may increase the frequency of nanoparticle collisions with pore walls to substantially increase log reduction rates (LRVs). Indeed, the LRVs increased linearly with attachment coefficient values; even at a low attachment coefficient of 0.001, high LRVs over 1.5 were observed under some geometries owing to the high frequency of nanoparticle-wall collisions. The calculated LRVs were inversely correlated with the Péclet numbers, whereas the slope of the inverse correlation was dependent on the membrane pore size. Complex structures, such as pore constriction, tortuosity, and non-uniform pore size, increased the LRV, whereas the overall porosity was not a determinant removal factor within the pores. In the configuration with parallel large and small pores, the Brownian force increased the number of nanoparticles entering the membrane through small pores relative to the numbers estimated based on water flow rates. These results indicate that the Brownian force may be an important particle removal factor within membrane pores under certain conditions; this should be considered when designing and operating membrane filters
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
文法化と超越性の計算モデル構築による言語の起源と進化の研究
Full text link文法化と超越性という人間言語に特有で普遍的な性質に着目して，言語の起源と進化について構成論的研究を行った．その結果，言語ルールを拡大適用する能力である言語的類推能力が，獲得可能・変化可能な言語ができるために非常に重要であり，この能力が超越性をもたらし得るものであり，言語起源で獲得しているべき能力であることを示した．そして，メタファー的・メトニミー的推論が文法化に特徴的な具体から抽象への一方向性をもたらすことを見出した． : We conducted a constructive study on the origin and evolution of language focusing on grammaticalization and displacement which are particular and universal features of human languages. We claimed that the ability of linguistic analogy, which is to extendedly apply acquired linguistic rules, plays an important role to develop acquirable and changeable languages and to bring out displacement, and thus, this ability should emerge at the origin of language. Further, we showed that metaphoric and metonymic inferencing bring unidirectionality from concrete to abstract, which is an important feature of grammaticalization.研究種目：基盤研究（Ｂ）研究期間：2008～2010課題番号：20300082研究者番号：90313709研究分野：進化言語学科研費の分科・細目：情報学・感性情報学・ソフトコンピューティン
基軸通貨の生成・崩壊および安定化に関する人工市場と実証による研究
Full text link国家間の関係性が取引活動に応じて変化する通貨モデルにより，動的関係性を考慮した基軸通貨の振る舞いを分析した．基軸通貨が他の通貨を惹きつけるように新たな関係を構築するダイナミクスが生じることを示した．交換の普遍性が実現されるには，商品に対する多様な価値観が存在し，交換により互いの状況を改善できることが必要となる．これを考慮し，商品交換から貨幣が自生自壊し価格が形成されるまでをシミュレートできる進化的価格形成モデルを構築した． : The behavior of key currency and dynamic relationship among currencies were analyzed using a new currency model in which relationship among countries change through transaction activities. It was show that currency relationship structure dynamically formed through the attraction of other currencies by a key currency. In order to realize universality of exchange, there must be various senses of value for goods and exchange behavior between goods must improve the situation of individuals in both side of the exchange. A new evolutionary price formation model was constructed which could simulate a process from goods exchange to the emergence and collapse of money, and to the price formation.研究種目：挑戦的萌芽研究研究期間：2011～2012課題番号： 23651154研究者番号：90313709研究分野：進化経済学，知識科学科研費の分科・細目：社会・安全システム科学，社会システム工学・安全システ
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