30 research outputs found
Why do voters back corrupt and dishonest politicians? Interview with Milan Vaishnav
No full textA candidate with criminal allegations hanging over them will repel voters – or will they? Not necessarily. In India, a third of the MPs elected in 2014 faced an ongoing criminal case. Milan Vaishnav, the author of a new book about the nexus of crime and democracy in India, talks to Ros Taylor about the appeal of a strongman who can ‘get things done’, even if it means breaking the law – and considers whether some US voters share the same instincts
Strangers Sets: Preserving Drones' Location Privacy while Avoiding Invasions of Critical Infrastructures
No full textopenPreserving the location privacy of drones while allowing Critical Infrastructures (CIs) to detect invasions represents a significant challenge. To allow for the detection of such invasions, the current standard by the Federal Aviation Administration mandates drones to disclose their location (in cleartext). However, such a strategy provides malicious entities with significant possibilities for tracking and profiling, thus jeopardizing drones' privacy. A recent proposal suggested using geo-indistinguishability to sanitize drones’ locations while allowing CIs to detect invasions. However, due to the statistical nature of the approach, the risk of false invasion detection is inversely proportional to the privacy guarantees of drones.
In this paper, we propose Privacy Preserving Invasion Detection (PPID), a novel approach based on a private set intersection algorithm to simultaneously protect drones' location privacy and allow CIs to detect invasions while avoiding the problem of false invasion detection. We propose two versions of the protocol: i) PPID, which uses an elliptic curve-based private set intersection to detect the co-presence of drone and CI in a given area, and ii) e-PPID, which extends the protocol with an approximation of the future location of the drone, to predict possible future invasions. To validate our proposal, we implement our protocols and deployed them on a proof of concept involving resource-constrained devices. We compute performance in terms of security, execution time, communication cost, and memory overhead. Our results show that PPID and e-PPID provide accurate results about an invasion requiring approx. 52ms and 84ms, respectively, in the worst-case scenario (i.e., the highest possible number of messages exchanged) and for a 256 bits security level.Preserving the location privacy of drones while allowing Critical Infrastructures (CIs) to detect invasions represents a significant challenge. To allow for the detection of such invasions, the current standard by the Federal Aviation Administration mandates drones to disclose their location (in cleartext). However, such a strategy provides malicious entities with significant possibilities for tracking and profiling, thus jeopardizing drones' privacy. A recent proposal suggested using geo-indistinguishability to sanitize drones’ locations while allowing CIs to detect invasions. However, due to the statistical nature of the approach, the risk of false invasion detection is inversely proportional to the privacy guarantees of drones.
In this paper, we propose Privacy Preserving Invasion Detection (PPID), a novel approach based on a private set intersection algorithm to simultaneously protect drones' location privacy and allow CIs to detect invasions while avoiding the problem of false invasion detection. We propose two versions of the protocol: i) PPID, which uses an elliptic curve-based private set intersection to detect the co-presence of drone and CI in a given area, and ii) e-PPID, which extends the protocol with an approximation of the future location of the drone, to predict possible future invasions. To validate our proposal, we implement our protocols and deployed them on a proof of concept involving resource-constrained devices. We compute performance in terms of security, execution time, communication cost, and memory overhead. Our results show that PPID and e-PPID provide accurate results about an invasion requiring approx. 52ms and 84ms, respectively, in the worst-case scenario (i.e., the highest possible number of messages exchanged) and for a 256 bits security level
Strangers Sets:Preserving Drones' Location Privacy while Avoiding Violations of Critical Infrastructures
No full textPreserving the location privacy of drones while allowing Critical Infrastructures (CIs) to identify nearby drones and their violations represents a significant challenge. To allow for improved accountability of drone operations, the current standard by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) mandates drones to disclose their location (in cleartext). However, such a strategy provides malicious eavesdroppers with significant possibilities for tracking and profiling, thus jeopardizing users' privacy. A recent proposal suggested using geo-indistinguishability to sanitize drones' locations while allowing CIs to detect violations. However, due to the statistical nature of the approach, the risk of false violation detection is inversely proportional to the privacy guarantees of drones.In this paper, we propose Privacy Preserving vIolation Detection (PPID), a novel approach using a private set intersection algorithm to simultaneously protect drones' and CIs' location privacy and allow CIs to detect violations while avoiding the problem of false violation detection. We propose two versions of the protocol: i) PPID, which uses an elliptic curve-based private set intersection inspired by relevant literature to detect the co-presence of drone and CI in a given area in a privacy-preserving fashion, and ii) extended (e)-PPID, which extends the message with an approximation of the future location of the drone, to predict possible future violations. To validate our proposal, we implement our protocols and deployed them on a proof of concept involving resource-constrained devices. We extract performance metrics regarding the security, execution time, communication cost, and memory overhead incurred by our protocols. Our results show that PPID and e-PPID provide accurate results about a violation requiring approx. 52ms and 84ms, respectively, in the worst-case scenario (i.e., the highest possible number of messages exchanged) and for a 256-bit security level
Content Analysis Based on Literature Review on Human Orientation in Libraries
No full textThis paper discusses the value of literature reviews in Human orientation in libraries and its content analysis to assess the quality of the literature reviewed. The review of 92 literature reviews in four subfields of Human orientation in libraries that were published in English, right from the emergence of the subject in different nomenclature were included for the content analysis. Each source was evaluated on the basis of subject, year of publication, geographical area of research, type of publication, and methodology covered in the study. The Author found that, most researchers have utilized mixed method or qualitative method to get qualitative data for researching human orientation issues. Also, the effect of library architecture on students’ use of the actual library as it relates to human orientation is not well-documented by systematic, empirical investigations
Determination of the complete stress-strain response of concrete under uniaxial compression
No full textThe characterization of the complete uniaxial compressive stress-strain curve of concrete is crucial for a more rational and reliable design of concrete structures. However, without intrinsic knowledge of the influence of different experimental control variables and the failure mechanisms of concrete, it is impossible to obtain a stable softening response in a test. This paper discusses the various aspects to be considered while performing the characterization, provides a comprehensive description of the different steps involved in the post-processing of the obtained experimental data. The influence of different test variables such as the type of contact, specimen size, rate of loading, the grade of concrete and fibre dosage on the compressive response is also elucidated. The complete stressstrain curves for different concretes have been obtained using the proposed procedure, which can serve as guidelines for such characterization. The brittleness of higher strength concrete is clearly manifested by a stress-strain curve that descends more sharply than those of conventional concretes. Further, it is seen that the incorporation of steel fibres mitigates the brittleness by improving the compressive toughness through bridging of the cracks and internal confinement.The authors thank M/s. L&T and Bekaert India for supporting this work by supplying some of the material used. Mr. S. Vaishnav Kumar and Mr. Soumen Sen collaborated in part of the work as MTech students at IIT Madras under the co-guidance of Mr. L. S. Kannan, Larsen & Toubro. The first author is thankful to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India, for providing an assistantship during her doctoral studies. The FIST Grant SR/FST/ETII-054/2012 is gratefully acknowledged for the equipment in the Laboratory for Mechanical Performance of Civil Engineering Materials, IIT Madras. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in this work.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Determination of the complete stress-strain response of concrete under uniaxial compression
No full textThe characterization of the complete uniaxial compressive stress-strain curve of concrete is crucial for a more rational and reliable design of concrete structures. However, without intrinsic knowledge of the influence of different experimental control variables and the failure mechanisms of concrete, it is impossible to obtain a stable softening response in a test. This paper discusses the various aspects to be considered while performing the characterization, provides a comprehensive description of the different steps involved in the post-processing of the obtained experimental data. The influence of different test variables such as the type of contact, specimen size, rate of loading, the grade of concrete and fibre dosage on the compressive response is also elucidated. The complete stressstrain curves for different concretes have been obtained using the proposed procedure, which can serve as guidelines for such characterization. The brittleness of higher strength concrete is clearly manifested by a stress-strain curve that descends more sharply than those of conventional concretes. Further, it is seen that the incorporation of steel fibres mitigates the brittleness by improving the compressive toughness through bridging of the cracks and internal confinement.The authors thank M/s. L&T and Bekaert India for supporting this work by supplying some of the material used. Mr. S. Vaishnav Kumar and Mr. Soumen Sen collaborated in part of the work as MTech students at IIT Madras under the co-guidance of Mr. L. S. Kannan, Larsen & Toubro. The first author is thankful to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India, for providing an assistantship during her doctoral studies. The FIST Grant SR/FST/ETII-054/2012 is gratefully acknowledged for the equipment in the Laboratory for Mechanical Performance of Civil Engineering Materials, IIT Madras. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in this work.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Mapping the Landscape: A Bibliometric Analysis of CALIBER 2022 Convention Publications
No full textThe present study examines the authorship patterns, collaboration levels, and various other parameters such as gender, author designation, institutional affiliation, and geographical distribution of the conference papers presented at CALIBER 2022 by employing an array of bibliographic analysis techniques. The analysis is based on a dataset consisting of 45 papers authored by 100 individuals and found that authors hailing from Uttar Pradesh emerged as the foremost contributors. The study also found that universities emerged as the most prolific contributors, responsible for the publication of 71.00 per cent of the articles within the designated time frame
