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Nalar Teosofis sebagai Basis Epistemologis Kajian Agama dan Pengetahuan
No full textThis article is an attempt to study the development of epistemology that combines religion and science reasoning in the form of “theosophical sense”. The goal is to provide the opportunity for religious reason and philosophy of reason to move, to walk, to work according to their capacities and freely without having to specify the amount of the portion in between. But at some point, they interact and complement each other. This study is expected to resolve the problem of the conflict between religion—which is based on religious arguments—and knowledge—which is based on human reason—, because each can meet in a single point of wisdom (meeting between aspects of divinity and humanity). Therefore, it has a humanitarian dimension of religion, as well as the knowledge which has dimensions of divinity.</p
Relasi Pengetahuan Islam Eksoteris dan Esoteris
No full textThis article scrutinizes the relationship of Islamic knowledge focusing on esoteric realm and exoteric area or what so-called duality of life. Within intellectual treasures of Islam this dualism have subsequ-ently beat each other. It is sometimes in the form of friction between the scientific and non-scientific, rational and spiritual, the sacred and the profane, theocentric and anthropocentric. However, when carefully understood, the dualism shares the same nature, namely outer and inner aspects. The outer is represented by naming, while the inner can only be understood through the process of interpretation. In other words, these two aspects are represented by two words are name (outer aspect) and meaning (inner aspect). Therefore, Islam is present and it attempts to draw both together. As can be observed in this century, the mentality of modern humans seem to be eroded far from religious norms as people have developed science which leads to religious emptying from its noble values. Therefore, it is important to bring the esoteric realm into modern thought which tends only to put emphasis on exoteric aspect.</p
Pendekatan Inward Experience dan Outward Behaviour sebagai Tawaran Model untuk Kajian Agama
Get PDFThis paper deals with the importance of inward experience and outward behavior in religious studies. The reason underlying this paper is that what insiders perform cannot be felt by outsiders. Experiences felt by practicing insiders constitute the internal aspect of religion which cannot be communicated to others; therefore it cannot be transferred to outsiders. This characteristic is often misunderstood by many observers of religion, and this leads to the gap between insiders and observers, particularly when the latter’s faith is different from that of former. This constitutes the major problem in the study of religion nowadays despite the fact that there have been progresses made by scholars in regard to empathic approach in the study of religion. The purpose of this approach is to bridge the gap between insiders and outsiders, while offering an understanding that insiders’ experiences can be called inward experience, while external behavior grasped by outsiders is called outward behavior. By doing so, prejudices and lurking attitudes among different religious believers can be avoided
RADIKALISME SEBAGAI BLOCKING FACTOR BAGI PERKEMBANGAN PERADABAN ISLAM MODERN
No full textThis article highlights the evolution of Islamic civilization starting from its glory during the classical period until its collapse in modern times. This article also discusses radicalism as a part of inhibiting factors of the development of Islamic civilization in the modern era. Radicalism is a model of understanding which tends to be destructive. This model of understanding has been a fertile ground of the emergence of rigid and normative theological understanding. Hostile attitude of the followers of radicalism often trap them into combat actions of others, even to the extent of murder, especially to the Western people. Such radical attitude has been also manifested in the form of destruction of public facilities. This destructive action has led to the devastation of civilization, which has been built by a nation. The conditions of a number of Arab-Muslim countries, which have not been free from prolonged internal warfare, prove that radicalism is an obvious blocking factor in the development of Islamic civilization in the modern era.Keywords: radicalism, blocking factor, Islamic civilization
Kontroversi Seputar Tradisi Keagamaan Popular dalam Masyarakat Islam
Get PDFThis paper deals with a controversy concerning a popular religious practice that some ?ulama have been involved in. On this issue, the ?ulama are divided into those who reject it and those who accept it. Those who reject it are associated with the puritan Muslims who generally argue that the popular religious practices are form of bid?ah. Among the puritans are Ibn Taym?yah (d. 1328) and Muhammad ?Abd al-Wahhab (d. 1791) the founding-father of Wahhab?yah school of thought in Najd, Saudi Arabia. Although the two have continuously waged an intellectual war on popular religious practices, these practices have nonetheless survived to this day.
This paper proposes an approach that might be useful to the study of popular religious practices. It contends that the controversy on this issue may in fact be used as a framework in which the validity of certain religious tradition may be evaluated. A rejection toward certain religious practices is in fact deemed necessary as long as this is not destructive to the very structure of religion.
On further note, the differences in opinion between those who reject and those who accept can actually be reconciled simply because the two have a lot in common in terms of their aims and final goals. They are not contradictive so far as the two are deemed as subjective efforts to understand the real meaning of Islam. On the ground that the two are a form of understanding, the one cannot be said as truer than the other just as the two cannot be said as representing the true teaching of the Qur??n and the Sunnah. Nonetheless, put together the two have indeed gave a more comprehensive picture of what Islam is all about
CAPITALISM AND THE COMMODIFICATION OF RAMADAN IN INDONESIAN CONTEXT
Get PDFThis article critically examines the commodification of Ramadan fasting rituals through a Marxist perspective. Situated within the discourse of Marxist social critique, it investigates how capitalism transforms religious practices into commercialized spectacles and ideological instruments. Drawing upon a conceptual and theoretical approach through critical literature review, this study synthesizes classical Marxist theories from Marx and Engels, as well as neo-Marxist frameworks including Gramsci’s concept of hegemony, the Frankfurt School’s critique of commodification, and Althusser’s theory of ideological state apparatuses. The analysis engages with empirical illustrations such as advertising strategies, shifting consumption patterns during Ramadan, and state-sponsored religious campaigns. This study is conceptual and does not rely on original field data, but instead critically analyzes existing literature and socio-cultural phenomena. The findings reveal the dual function of Ramadan within capitalist society: as a cultural critique of consumerism grounded in simplicity, empathy, and social solidarity, and simultaneously as a tool co-opted to reinforce consumerism, class stratification, and hegemonic ideology. By highlighting how Ramadan rituals subvert and support capitalist structures, this paper contributes to scholarly discourse on the intersection of religion, ideology, and political economy in contemporary Muslim societies
الاسلام الشعبي دراسة عن معنى إقامة شعائر دورات الحياة وزيارة مقابرالأولياء عند جماعة جمعيّة نهضة العلماء في منطقة وارو جاوا الشرقيّة أندونيسيا
No full textThis paper deals with two practices of popular Islam (the rites of passage and the visit to the tomb of the saints) in Waru, East Java by the community of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). It is an attempt to understand the genuine meaning of those practices by studying the factors that may trigger their rise, and also by investigating the conceptual categorization of modernity in relation to religion and its traditions. The paper exposes three variants of Muslims. The first is the reformist NU which tends to reject the practices on ground that they are forms of bid’ah. The second is the normative NU, which believes that these practices are not bid’ah because they have their legitimate and normative foundation in Islam. The third is the traditionalist-syncretistic NU, which holds the belief that those practices are passed down from forefathers and must therefore be preserved. This last group practices these rites without any association whatsoever with the idea of bid’ah
HAZAIRIN'S INTERPRETATION OF INHERITANCE VERSES IN THE QUR’AN AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE COMPILATION OF ISLAMIC LAW
No full textHazairin is a leading figure in legal reform in Indonesia and is famous as the pioneer of the idea of Indonesian madhhab. This paper examines Hazairin's interpretation of the Qur’an issued to bilateral and mawāly theories in the inheritance system in Indonesia and the implications of his interpretation. This study uses a hermeneutic approach to interpreting the Qur'an, which looks at how Hazairin reads and provides interpretations of inheritance law verses in the context of inheritance in Indonesia. The results showed that Hazairin interprets the inheritance verses differently as he tries to present these verses by considering local values. Hazairin's interpretation of the Qur'an Surah al-Nisa (4): 7 has found the bilateral system, which is adopted in article 174 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), and his interpretation of the Qur'an Surah al-Nisa (4): 33 has found the new concept of mawāly system and is adopted the Compilation of Islamic Law Article 185. For this reason, this study argues that the interpretation by referring to prevailing local values as carried out by Hazairin can provide a strong foundation, but it should always refer to the source of Islamic law
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