1,721,255 research outputs found
Correction: Hammad, a.; kaido, t.; aliyev v.; mandato c.; uemoto s. nutritional therapy in liver transplantation (Nutrients, (2017) 9, E1126)
No full textThe last paragraph on p. 13 and the first one 14: “After liver transplant, patients will have to take immunosuppressant medication to the end of their lives. Although modern drugs with less side effects are available, increased survival rates and decreased overall complications have led to many nutrition status implications associated with the use of cyclosporine, tacrolimus and corticosteroids. New onset diabetes or glucose impairment is common initially after the operation as the consequence of immunosuppressant regiment [105,106]. Diabetic dietary advice is usual required, and if necessary, the use of oral hypoglycemic or insulin regimens should be tethered according to the progression of diet. If hyperglycemia persists, it should be managed by reducing excess glucose intake, since higher insulin might hamper increased glucose oxidation in this period. Also, the diabetogenic potential of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus may be lowered by reducing its dose, without undue risk of rejection [109]. Many patients may concomitantly present with high potassium levels shortly after the operation. This usually results from the nephrotoxicity of the prescribed immunosuppressant medication. Thus, in the early post-transplant periods, it might be important to control potassium food sources as well via the recommendation of the use of dietary techniques that are able to reduce its content in nutrients [106]. In the long term, this is not indicated, as this condition mostly disappears. Hypomagnesemia also rises as a consequence of immunosuppression and, patients generally receive magnesium supplementation, however, some progress with diarrhea. The intake of magnesium rich food sources should be encouraged, such as dark cocoa, whole grains, nuts, legumes, fruits and green vegetables. Important to point that the consumption of this kind of food should not be restricted, even considering the immunocompromised host as a result of anti-graft rejection drugs. Patients should receive food safety advice to prevent foodborne infections, which can be achieved with the correct handling of fruits and vegetables [95]”. These two paragraphs are corrected to read: “After liver transplant, patients will need immunosuppressive medications for lifetime. Although new drugs with less side effects are available, increased survival rates and decreased overall complications have caused multiple nutritional implications linked to the use of cyclosporine, tacrolimus or corticosteroids [110]. New onset diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance is not uncommon short after the operation as the consequence of immunosuppressant treatment [105,106,110]. Diabetic dietary recommendation is usually needed, and if required, the use of oral hypoglycemic or insulin treatments should be tailored according to the advancement of diet. If hyperglycemia remains, it should be addressed by decreasing glucose intake, since higher insulin might prevent increased glucose oxidation during this period. Also, the possible diabetogenic effect of tacrolimus may be decreased by decreasing its dose, without added risk of rejection [109,110]. Many patients may concurrently have high potassium levels shortly after transplant [110]. This is usually due to the nephrotoxicity of the used immunosuppressive drug. So, it might be crucial to adjust potassium food sources during the early post-operative period, and use of dietary modifications which would decrease its content in nutritional intake [106,110]. This is not required long-term after transplant, as this transient imbalance often disappears. Hypomagnesemia also occurs due to immunosuppressants and, patients usually have magnesium supplements, however, some will have diarrhea. Magnesium-rich food intake should be carried on, such as dark cocoa, whole grains, nuts, legumes, fruits and green vegetables [110]. It is crucial to mention that consumption of such kind of food should not be restricted, even considering the immunocompromised host as a result of anti-graft rejection drugs. Patients should receive dietary safety recommendations to avoid food borne infections, with the correct handling of fruits and vegetables [95,110]. The first paragraph in Section 3.3 on p. 16: “In the long-term after liver transplantation, weight gain is mostly observed. It is important to recover the nutritional status, since the patients lose an average of 9.1 kg during the course of liver disease [117]. Greatest relative weight gain occurs in the first six months after the operation [47] and, recovery of all weight loss happens in the first post-transplant year [124]. However, unfortunately, patients do not stop gaining weight in the subsequent years [125], resulting in the alarming prevalence of overweight and obesity [47]. During the first 12 months, the fat mass progressively increases in those patients who had previously depleted overall body mass, but muscle mass recovery is subtle and nonsignificant by the end of the first year [126]. Therefore, despite the weight gain, the high prevalence of sarcopenia does not change after transplantation [7,47].” This paragraph has been changed to “Weight gain is generally seen long-term after liver transplantation [110]. It is a priority to recover the nutritional status, since the patients lose an average of 9.1 kg during the course of liver disease [110,119]. Largest relative weight gain occurs in the first 6 post-operative months [47,110] and, recovery of all weight loss happens within the first post-transplant year [110,125,126]. However, patients do not stop gaining weight in the subsequent years [110,127], resulting in overweight and obesity high prevalence [47]. During the first year, the fat mass progressively increases in those patients who had previously depleted overall body mass, but muscle mass recovery occurs at a relatively lower rate by the end of the first 12 months [128]. Hence, despite the ongoing weight gain, the high prevalence of sarcopenia does not decrease after LT [7,47,110].” The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused to the readers of Nutrients by these changes. The changes do not affect the scientific results. The original manuscript will be updated and will remain online on the article webpage, with a reference to this correction
Search for Mono-Higgs Signals in Final States Using Deep Neural Networks
Full text linkWe study mono-Higgs signatures emerging in an illustrative new physics
scenario involving Standard Model Higgs boson decays to bottom quark pairs
using Hybrid Deep Neural Networks. We use a Multi-Layer Perceptron to analyze
the kinematic observables and optimize the signal-to-background discrimination.
The global color flow structure of hard jets emerging from the decay of heavy
particles with different color charges is crucial to single out the mono-Higgs
signature. Upon embedding the different color flow structures for signal and
backgrounds into constructed images, we use a Convolution Neural Network to
analyze the latter. Specifically, the approach takes initially a mono-type data
as input, frittering away invaluable multi-source and multi-scale information.
We then discuss a general architecture of Hybrid Deep Neural Networks that
supports instead mixed input data. In comparison with single input Deep Neural
Networks, like MultiLayers Perceptron or Convolution Neural Network, the Hybrid
Deep Neural Networks provide higher capacity in feature extraction and thus in
signal vs background classification performance. We provide reference results
for the case of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider.Comment: published versio
Higgs boson decays into γγ and Zγ in the MSSM and BLSSM
No full textWe calculate Higgs decay rates into {\gamma}{\gamma} and Z{\gamma} in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and (B-L) Supersymmetric Standard Model (BLSSM) by allowing for contributions from light staus and charginos. We show that sizable departures are possible from the SM predictions for the 125 GeV state and that they are testable during run 2 at the Large Hadron Collider. Furthermore, we illustrate how a second light scalar Higgs signal in either or both these decay modes can be accessed at the CERN machine rather promptly within the BLSSM, a possibility instead precluded to the MSSM owing to the much larger mass of its heavy scalar state
Sharpening the A→Z(∗)h signature of the type-II 2HDM at the LHC through advanced machine learning
No full textThe A→Z(∗)h decay signature has been highlighted as possibly being the first testable probe of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson discovered in 2012 (h) interacting with Higgs companion states, such as those existing in a 2-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM), chiefly, a CP-odd one (A). The production mechanism of the latter at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) takes place via bb¯-annihilation and/or gg-fusion, depending on the 2HDM parameters, in turn dictated by the Yukawa structure of this Beyond the SM (BSM) scenario. Among the possible incarnations of the 2HDM, we test here the so-called Type-II, for a twofold reason. On the one hand, it intriguingly offers two very distinct parameter regions compliant with the SM-like Higgs measurements, i.e., where the so-called `SM limit' of the 2HDM can be achieved. On the other hand, in both configurations, the AZh coupling is generally small, hence the signal is strongly polluted by backgrounds, so that the exploitation of Machine Learning (ML) techniques becomes extremely useful. Ours approach in this respect is a three-prong one. Firstly, we adjust ML models to analyze all possible High Energy Physics (HEP) data types, so as to maximize the amount of input information. Secondly, unlike most `black-box' ML approaches currently in use in the HEP community, we exploit a (linear) Centered Kernel Alignment (CKA) similarity metric to analyze the learned representations in the hidden layers, thereby enabling an interpretative element of our results. Thirdly, we emphasise that the proposed ML models are generic and can thus be adopted in other physics problems. Concerning the one at hand, by using such advanced ML implementations, we ultimately show that the sensitivity of LHC searches in the l+l−bb¯ (l=e,μ) final state can significantly be improved with respect to traditional cut-and-count analyses and/or, et
Multi-scale cross-attention transformer encoder for event classification
No full textWe deploy an advanced Machine Learning (ML) environment, leveraging a multi-scale cross-attention encoder for event classification, towards the identification of the gg→H→hh→bb¯bb¯ process at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), where h is the discovered Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs boson and H a heavier version of it (with mH>2mh). { In the ensuing boosted Higgs regime, the final state consists of two fat jets. Our multi-modal network can extract information from the jet substructure and the kinematics of the final state particles through self-attention transformer layers. The diverse learned information is subsequently integrated to improve classification performance using an additional transformer encoder with cross-attention heads.} We ultimately prove that our approach surpasses in performance current alternative methods used to establish sensitivity to this process, whether solely based on kinematic analysis or else on a combination of this with mainstream ML approaches. {Then, we employ various interpretive methods to evaluate the network results, including attention map analysis and visual representation of Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM). Finally, we note that the proposed network is generic and can be applied to analyse any process carrying information at different scales.} Our code is publicly available for generic use
LHC signals of a BLSSM CP-even Higgs boson
No full textWe study the scope of the Large Hadron Collider in accessing a neutral Higgs boson of the Supersymmetric Standard Model. After assessing the surviving parameter space configurations following the Run 1 data taking, we investigate the possibilities of detecting this object during Run 2. For the model configurations in which the mixing between such a state and the discovered Standard Model-like Higgs boson is non-negligible, there exist several channels enabling its discovery over a mass range spanning from to 500 GeV. For a lighter Higgs state, with mass of order 140 GeV, three channels are accessible: , and , wherein the boson decays leptonically. For a heavier Higgs state, with mass above 250 GeV (i.e., twice the mass of the Higgs state discovered in 2012), the hallmark signature is its decay in two such 125 GeV scalars, , where . In all such cases, significances above discovery can occur for already planned luminosities at the CERN machine
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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