11 research outputs found
Evaluating the Relationship Between Mature Age Milk Yield and Several Traits Using CHAID Analysis in Brown Swiss Cows
No full textMilk yield is important in breeding studies because it is one of the economically important traits. Therefore, determining the relationship between milk yield and some other traits could provide some important easiness in animal breeding studies. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the relationship between mature age milk yield and 9 independent variables (cow age, first mating age, lactation order, lactation period, dry period, first calving age, calving season, birth type and sex of calf) using CHAID analysis. Seven hundred and seventy Brown Swiss animals' records (from 1987-1997) taken from Mus State Production Farm (in Turkey) were utilized. CHAID analysis results showed that lactation period was primary, sex of calf and cow age were secondary and first mating age and dry period were the tertiary variables affecting mature age milk yield
Which Correlation Coefficient Should Be Used for Investigating Relations between Quantitative Variables?
No full textSince the purpose of many studies is to describe and summarize the relations between two or more variables, the correlation analysis has been become one of the most fundamental statistical concepts for many researchers. There are different correlation coefficients have been developed and proposed for different cases. In this stage, it is extremely important to aware of which correlation coefficient(s) is more appropriate to use based on the measurement levels, type of the variables, distribution of the variables, type of relations between the variables, and presence of outliers or not in dataset. In this study, nine different correlation coefficients have been compared in terms of Type I error rate and test power under different experimental conditions. As a result, it has been possible to produce information about which correlation coefficient is more appropriate to use in which situations. Results of this simulation study showed that the performances of these correlation coefficients are affected by sample size and effect size rather than the distribution shape. When both the type I error and test power estimates are evaluated together, the Pearson\u27s correlation, Winsorized, Spearman Rank, and Kendall-Tau correlation coefficients are seem to be the most appropriate coefficients for many experimental conditions
TYPE I ERROR RATES AND TEST POWER FOR SOME OUTLIER DETECTING TESTS
No full textThis study is conducted to compare some outlier detection tests such as Grubbs, Dixon, Chauvenet criterion and Weisberg t-test with respect to Type I error rate and test power. For this purpose, random numbers from normal population are generated by Monte Carlo simulation technique. Results of 50,000 simulation trials showed that the Weisberg t-test gave the most reliable results with respect to the others. Chauvenet criterion has followed this test. Dixon and Grubbs tests have not displayed reliable results except for studying with small sample sizes. As a result, regardless of the sample size being studied, Weisberg t-test should be used as detecting whether there is an outlier in the data set or not
Determination of the Effective Factors for 305 Days Milk Yield by Regression Tree (RT) Method
No full textThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dry period, lactation parity, farm, calving season and age on 305 days milk yield using Regression Tree (RT) method. For this purpose 3315 data of 735 Holstein-Friesian raised in Ceylanpinar, Reyhanli and Tahirova State Farms were analyzed. Dry period-lactation parity and farm-calving season and calving age were determined to affect 305 days milk yield at the first, second and third degree factors, respectively. The 305 days milk yield was affected by dry period, calving age and season and being of the dry period around ideal period (60 days) affected milk yield positively. It was suggested that dry period should be around 60 days and some precautions to decrease the adverse effects of heat on milk yield are required to be taken
REGRESSION TREE ANALYSIS FOR 305 DAY MILK YIELD IN HOLSTEIN COWS
No full text305 - day milk yield in cows is one of the most important traits in breeding studies. Therefore, it is important to determine and investigate the relationships between the 305-days milk yield and other related traits. In the present study, relationships between 305-day milk yield and related traits as well as their interactions were analyzed by using regression tree analysis (RT)
A Proposal for Optical Antenna in VLC Communication Receiver System
No full textVisible Light Communication (VLC) is an important emerging choice for high-speed wireless communication. In this perspective, light-emitting diodes as illuminators will be modulated to transmit data simultaneously. However, the receivers bring severe difficulties due to cost, response time, and sensitivity with a wide Field Of View (FOV). To avoid these problems, one approach is to apply a large area photodetector; however, this solution is slow and costly. Another method is to focus light on a fast photodetector by optical components, but the photodetector’s FOV decreases, resulting from the conservation of etendue. Another option is Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSCs). This paper demonstrates a novel shape of LSC with advantages such as inexpensive, fast response time, small antenna area for VLC purposes with significant geometrical gain, FOV, and ultra-broad bandwidth. It does not require any complex tracking system and active pointing but, due to its tiny size, it can also be adapted in integrating and mobile devices. Numerical simulation is done using Monte-Carlo raytracing, and the results are demonstrated in the spectral domain. The optical efficiency of the proposed antenna is obtained at 1.058%, which is about 0.4% better than the efficiency levels reported in other works, and the geometric gain of the antenna is reported to be 44, which is significant
Curcumin-Functionalized Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles: A Nanotherapeutic Approach for Treating Infections in Diabetic Wounds
No full textChronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers, remain a significant clinical challenge due to high infection risk and delayed healing. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of a novel wound dressing incorporating curcumin-functionalized silver–zinc oxide (Ag-ZnO) nanoparticles. The formulation was rationally designed based on molecular docking simulations that identified curcumin as a high-affinity ligand for Staphylococcus aureus Protein A. The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, achieving complete inhibition of multidrug-resistant pathogens, including MRSA, within 60 s. A critical comparative assessment, incorporating an unloaded Ag-ZnO nanoparticle control group, was conducted in both a rabbit wound model and a randomized clinical trial (n = 75 patients). This design confirmed that the enhanced wound-healing efficacy is specifically attributable to the synergistic effect of curcumin combined with the nanoparticles. The curcumin-loaded Ag-ZnO treatment group showed a statistically significant reduction in healing time compared to both standard care and unloaded nanoparticle controls (e.g., medium wounds: 19.6 days vs. 90.6, p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that curcumin-functionalized Ag-ZnO nanoparticles offer a safe and highly effective therapeutic strategy, providing robust antibacterial action and significantly accelerated wound healing
High-efficiency upconversion process in cobalt and neodymium doped graphene QDs for biomedical applications
No full textAbstract Multiphoton absorbing upconversion nanoparticles are emerging as bioimaging materials but are limited by the low quantum yield of their visible fluorescence. This article contains colloids of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), Neodymium, and Cobalt doped Graphene Quantum dots (Co-GQDs and Nd-GQDs) surrounded by carboxylic acids are synthesized which especially are suitable for bio applications; in this way, carboxylic acid groups exchanged by Amoxicillin as an antibiotic with bactericidal activity. The XRD diffraction method, TEM microscope, UV–Vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopies characterize the synthesized materials. The synthesized Quantum dots (QDs) exhibit upconversion properties and their emission is centered at 480 nm, but a red shift was observed with the increase of the excitation wavelength. In the emission spectra of synthesized QDs that can be related to the defect levels introduced by passivation of the QDs in the structure, the results show that with the interaction of the surface QDs with more carboxylic groups, the redshift is not observed. As the results indicate an increase in the intensity of upconversion emission is recorded for Co-GQDs and Nd-GQDs. The absolute quantum efficiency (QY) for Co-GQDs and Nd-GQDs were determined to be 41% and 100% more than GQDs respectively. DFT calculations indicate a strong bond between graphene and cobalt and Neodymium atoms. In doped materials, there are trap levels between the band gap of the GQDs which are responsible for increasing the intensity of the upconversion phenomenon
Switchable Ultra-Wideband All-Optical Quantum Dot Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
No full textA comprehensive study has been conducted on ultra-broadband optically pumped quantum dot (QD) reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-RSOAs). Furthermore, little work has been done on broadband QD-RSOAs with an optical pump. About 1 μm optical bandwidth, spanning 800 nm up to 1800 nm, is supported for the suggested device by superimposing nine groups of QDs. It has been shown that the device can be engineered to amplify a selected window or a group of desired windows. Moreover, the operation of the device has been thoroughly investigated by solving the coupled differential rate and signal propagation equations. A numerical algorithm has been suggested to solve these equations. As far as we are concerned, a broadband optically pumped QD-RSOA that can operate as a filter has been introduced
High-Resolution Color Transparent Display Using Superimposed Quantum Dots
No full textIn this paper, a high-resolution full-color transparent monitor is designed and fabricated using the synthesized quantum dots for the first time. For this purpose, about 100 compounds that had the potential to emit blue, green, and red lights were selected, and simulation was performed using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method, in which the shell layer was selected to be SiO(2) or TiO(2) in the first step. Among the simulated compounds with SiO(2) or TiO(2) shells, Se/SiO(2) and BTiO(3)/SiO(2) were selected as blue light emitters with high intensity and narrow bandwidth. Accordingly, CdSe/SiO(2) nanoparticles were selected as green light emitters and Au/TiO(2) for the red light. As the surface of the nanoparticles in their optical properties is important, reactivation of the nanoparticles’ surface is required to reach the high-intensity peak and resolution. To this end, in the second step, the surface of Se and CdSe nanoparticles reacted with ethanolamine, which can make a strong bond with cadmium atoms. The band structure and optical properties were obtained by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The Se/Ethanolamine and CdSe/Ethanolamine were experimentally synthesized to evaluate the theoretical results, and their optical properties were measured. To fabricate a transparent monitor, Se/Ethanolamine, CdSe/SiO(2), and Au/TiO(2) nanoparticles were dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solved in water and deposited on the glass by the doctor blading technique. Finally, high-resolution videos and images were displayed on the fabricated monitor
