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RELASI PENAFSIRAN AL-QUR’AN TERHADAP SIKAP SOSIAL-KEAGAMAAN SEKTARIAN ISLAM FUNDAMENTALIS DAN ISLAM MODERAT
Full text linkThe main purpose of this paper is to show the relation between the interpretation of sacred texts, in this case the text of the Qur’an, and socio-religious attitudes of sectarian groups in Islam. This relation can be identified from the different characteristics of the social attitudes of religious people who are affiliated with certain groups in Islam which actually have different methods and styles of interpretation. This hypothesis is based on the principle that socio-religious attitudes are necessarily based on religious understanding, and the religious understanding must generate from interpretations of sacred texts, nor excluded in Islam with different methods and styles of interpretation of the Qur’anic texts by Muslims in different sects. This paper outlines two sects based on their methods and styles of interpretation, namely the Fundamentalists who tend to scripturalist-textualist methods and styles of interperetation and the Moderates with substantive-contextualist methods and styles. By analyzing the two methods of interpretation from the two groups, it is hoped that it can be used as a basis for identifying the socio-religious attitudes of Muslims and finding solutions to the negative implications in social life caused by these attitudes. The method that the author uses in presenting this paper is the analytical-critical-comparative method, which is to analyze critically the methods and styles of interpretation of the two religious groups and then with a comparative-critical approach the author tries to identify the socio-religious attitudes come from both of them, in the way to use it as a reference in finding solutions to solve the negative impacts of those attitudes in social life
Muhammad Iqbal\u27s Humanism: a Response to Religious-Sufistic and Secular Humanism
No full textThe nature of human being is not only the self who possesses ‘will to power’ or free will to determine the continuity of his life through fulfilling the biological needs, but also the self who is cosmological reflection of God, he is pervaded by divine values with active-participatory and creative manner. This article attempts to disclose a construction of Muhammad Iqbal’s idea on humanism based on spiritual-anthropological perspective in understanding human being. This idea of him on humanism constitutes a response and synthesis, as well, to two views; first, the view that only emphasizes on physical-biological aspect and denies spiritual-metaphysical aspect of human being as what maintained by modern Western humanism. Second, the view that is exceedingly fixated on spiritual-theocentric aspect and underestimates the anthropological-sociological aspects of human’s role as a living creature. The second one has afflicted mystical tradition in Islamic thought. By his philosophy of khūdī (ego), Iqbal proposes a holistic approach in understanding the reality of human being. He elaborates that human being is not only a creature that possesses privilege for actualizing his self-potential in material cases by means of creative actions but also a spiritual creature who has substance (human soul) which is everlastingly as the manifestation of Cosmic Creator who is Omni-Creative i.e., God as the Absolute Ego or the Perfect Self. This writing is proposed by means of analytical-descriptive method toward Iqbal’s philosophy in constructing the idea of humanism
BELIEF IN GOD BY INTUITIVE KNOWLEDGE IN MULLĀ ṢADRĀ’S PHILOSOPHY : (A CRITIQUE TO ATHEISTIC EVIDENTIALISM)
Full text linkThe epistemological approach of evidentialism maintains that a belief must have sufficient evidence in order to be rationally justified. The belief in God is no exception, it must pass as well the litmus test of evidence as a measure of its rational justification. But what counts as evidence? Responding to this question and identifying the nature of the evidence that can be used to justify belief has become a point of contention among philosophers. While some evidentialists have denied the possibility of evidence for the belief in God, others have attacked the very basis of the evidentialist claim by promoting belief in God without evidence. The following paper aims at proposing an alternative way or approach to argue and to justify belief in God, that is, intuitive knowledge. To excute this aim, this paper tries at first to describe briefly those two currents of thought and, further, examines and criticizes them by discussing and analyzing the notion of innate concepts and presentational knowledge as known by an intuitive knowledge based on Mullā Ṣadrā’s view. According to some philosophers, this type of knowledge, presentational knowledge, can be included as “evidence” even from the evidentialist point of view which does not limit evidence to conceptual knowledge. By this, critical analysis will be applied here as a method to conduct the research
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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