1,720,963 research outputs found
Iнварiанти: реальне чи номiнальне?
Full text linkThe author take notice of such a feature of symbol as repetitiveness what enables us to clarify the conditions and rules of its functioning and to find the key to some internal axiological orderings. The main claim of the paper is that some simplified and transformed by a social context cultural invariants do exist till now as repetitive elements of the life scenarios and communicative practices.Автор звертає увагу на таку особливiсть символу, як повторюванiсть, що дозволяє прояснити умови та правила його функцiонування, вiдшукати ключ до вiдкриття iснування внутрiшнiх аксiологiчних порядкiв. Головною тезою статтi є те, що спрощенi i видозмiненi соцiальним контекстом архаїчнi культурнi iнварiанти iснують i сьогоднi, як повторюванi елементи життєвих сценарiїв та комунiкативних практик
Practical philosophy of education: the ecological-discursive paradigm as the complex problem
No full textIn the 21st century, more attention is drawn to the development of ecological thinking. Instead of explicating treatment of nature, a human being should take care of it. Such a caring attitude should become an educational universal, so it is to be transmitted as value. However, the ecological-discursive paradigm is still problematic in education. Therefore, the objective of the paper is to analyze it as a complex approach in philosophy of education. The paper considers environmental anthropology as the methodological basis of the ecological-discursive paradigm. Ecological culture is analyzed as ethnics of conservation. The paper emphasizes that ecological thinking cannot be developed without changing an epistemological model. Thus, instead of facts and competences, the person’s cognition should be based on values. The paper highlights the idea of diagnostic cognition, which is based on values. Its development in the process of education is the first step to the ecological-discursive paradigm
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Критичне мислення i когнiтивнi практики освiти
Full text linkThe article investigates the empirical aspects of critical thinking, analyzes the structural levels of critical thinking based on the argument of J. Hintikka and M. Lipman. It is proposed to consider critical thinking as a routing prototype of scientific thinking and scientific culture.У статтi дослiджуються емпiричнi аспекти наукового мислення, аналiзуються структурнi рiвнi критичного мислення на основi аргументiв Я. Хiнтiкки та М. Лiпмана. Запропоновано розглядати критичне мислення як буденний прототип наукового мислення та наукової культури
Practical approaches to educational philosophy: the ecological-discursive paradigm as the complex problem
Full text linkThe growth of ecological thought is receiving more attention in the twenty-first century. A human being should take care of nature rather than explaining how to treat it. Such compassion ought to be taught to all students as a universal principle in education. The ecological-discursive paradigm is still a challenge in education, nevertheless. As a result, the paper's goal is to analyze it as a sophisticated educational philosophy method. The ecological-discursive paradigm is considered in the study as having environmental anthropology as its methodological foundation. Environmental ethnicity is examined through ecological culture. The paper highlights that modifying an epistemological model is necessary for the development of ecological thinking. Therefore, a person's cognition should be focused on ideals rather than facts and skills. The paper emphasizes the concept of value-based diagnostic cognition. The first phase in the development of the ecological-discursive paradigm is its growth in the educational process
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
До проблеми ідентичності: «четвертий елемент» Дж. Фаулза
Full text linkThe article attempts to analyze the structural model of identity on the material of the philosophical essays of the modern British thinker and philosopher J. Fowles, who reconsiders the traditional Freudian concept of mind and includes a new construct in it — the category of Nemo. Nemo is interpreted as the anti-ego, under the influence of which a pseudo-identity is formed, and that is a form of psychological protection: the escape from freedom. Freedom as an existential dimension of identity is analyzed in the context of the category of nothingness. The disadvantage of Freud’s concept is its simplicity, as it lacks an existential basis. It also reviews the history of the issue, different options for defining identity, modern philosophical trends, including the methodology of phenomenological and existential paradigms used in the study. Freud considers the ego as a kind of core around which the personality is formed (its identity); “I” provides continuity and consistency of individual behavior based on his biological and psychological experience. Freud interpreted the concept of “I” functionally: as its basic function is thought the function of protection, its various forms, and manifestations. The “I” can also be a concentration of anxiety due to external challenges, pressure from the unconscious, and fear of conscience. The psychoanalytic model of identity is ambivalent, interpreted as an infantile ego — the result of internal conflict: the influence of libido and the system of prohibitions of the Over-Self. At the same time, the ability to productively resolve internal conflicts is different. Nemo’s resistance produces demonstrative aspects of personality — the narcissistic ego. Narcissism, conformism — a pathological solution to the conflict — in psychoanalysis is close to the concept of “escape from Nemo” in the philosophy of J. Fowles. Where it was, the “I” must appear, a psychoanalytic maxim that directs the analyst’s efforts in the direction of constituting a healthy identity that is not weakened by internal conflicts. A psychoanalytic interpretation of ego is opposed by existential interpretation, based on the transcendental preconditions of identity, understanding of its complex dynamic nature. Thus, the loss of identity is a consequence of its sociocultural absorption, “social dissolution”, destructiveness in which analogies are found with the common doctrine of “escape from freedom” by E. Fromm — a synthesis of elements of psychoanalytic tradition and existential motives.У статтi зроблено спробу проаналiзувати структурну модель iдентичностi на матерiалi фiлософських есеїв сучасного британського мислителя Дж. Фаулза, який переглядає традицiйну фрейдистську модель психiчного, додає нову конструкцiю — категорiю немо. Немо трактується як анти-его, пiд впливом якого формується псевдоiдентичнiсть — форма психiчного захисту: «втеча вiд свободи». Свобода як екзистенцiйний вимiр iдентичностi аналiзується в контекстi розгляду категорiї Нiщо. Недолiком концепцiї Фрейда є її спрощенiсть, оскiльки в нiй вiдсутнiй екзистенцiйний фундамент. Також здiйснюється огляд iсторiї питання, рiзних варiантiв означення iдентичностi, сучасних фiлософських напрямiв, серед яких методологiя феноменологiчної й екзистенцiальної парадигм, використана в дослiдженнi. З. Фрейд розглядає ego своєрiдним стрижнем, навколо якого формується особистiсть (її iдентичнiсть); «Я» забезпечує безперервнiсть i послiдовнiсть поведiнки iндивiда на основi його бiологiчного та психологiчного досвiду. З. Фрейд трактував поняття «Я» функцiонально: як його базова функцiя мислиться функцiя захисту, її рiзнi форми, прояви. «Я» також може бути зосередженням тривоги внаслiдок зовнiшнiх викликiв, тиску несвiдомого та страху совiстi. Психоаналiтична модель iдентичностi є амбiвалентною, трактується як iнфантильне ego — результат внутрiшнього конфлiкту: впливу лiбiдо та системи заборон Над-Я. Водночас здатнiсть до продуктивного вирiшення внутрiшнiх конфлiктiв є неоднаковою. Опiр немо продукує демонстративнi аспекти особистостi — нарцисичне его. Нарцисизм, конформiзм — патологiчне вирiшення конфлiкту — у психоаналiзi є наближеним до концепту «втечi вiд немо» у фiлософiї Дж. Фаулза. «Там, де було Воно, повинно постати “Я”» — психоаналiтична максима, яка скеровує зусилля аналiтика в русло конституювання здорової iдентичностi, не ослабленої внутрiшнiми конфлiктами. Психоаналiтичнiй iнтерпретацiї ego протиставляється екзистенцiйне трактування, що виходить iз трансцендентальних передумов iдентичностi, розумiння її складної динамiчної природи. Тому втрата iдентичностi є наслiдком її соцiокультурного поглинання, «соцiального розчинення», деструктивностi, у чому вiдшукуються аналогiї з поширеною доктриною «втечi вiд свободи» Е. Фрома — синтезу елементiв психоаналiтичної традицiї й екзистенцiйних мотивiв
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