10 research outputs found
Limits of decentered governance in science-society policies
No full textThis article addresses the practices of implementing science policies that involve science-society relations, such as funding policies on ethical, legal, and social aspects (ELSA) and Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). I examine how R&D actors translate such science governance. In particular, the paper focuses on possible tensions when scientists juggle competing policy demands. The paper draws mainly on interviews with scientists within biotechnology and nanotechnology in Norway. It shows that scientists try to accommodate rather than enact ELSA and RRI. They employ coping strategies of ‘following rules’, ‘dismissing’, and ‘contesting through talking the talk’. Thus, science-society policies fail to enter as a counter-logic to the hegemonic public management governing regime. The main argument is that RRI does not take hold because of a failure of meta-governance. Successful science-society policies should not focus only on encouraging scientists to adopt responsible behaviors, but on creating possible conditions for new practices.acceptedVersion© 2019 The Author(s). Open Access. Published by InformaUK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Grou
‘Don’t make nanotechnology sexy, ensure its benefits, and be neutral’: Studying the logics of new intermediary institutions in ambiguous governance contexts
No full textThis is the authors accepted and refereed manuscript to the article. Locked until 2015-08-04This paper suggests a new theoretical approach to study intermediary institutions,
particularly intermediary institutions at the science policy nexus. These intermediary
institutions that have a mediating role between science and politics have often been
approached from the perspective of ‘boundary organizations’. But this model, that
incorporates assumptions of principal-agent theory, is not fit for capturing case studies (of
intermediary institutions) in ambiguous governance contexts. I argue that to understand new
intermediary institutions, we need a new theoretical vocabulary to grasp how intermediary
institutions emerge and how they work in practice. For example, discourses such as
‘responsible development of innovation’ can sediment in new institutional settings, including
for example new monitoring and observatory institutions. However, there is a lack of systemic
studies of the material implications that the rise of these new governance actors –such as
intermediary institutions—has for governing emerging technologies. This paper addresses
this gap by analysing the shortcomings of a nanotechnology observatory project. Along the
example of this observatory institution for nanotechnology, I will show that political
discourse theory allows us to explain critically the conditions of possibility for the emergence
of such institutions. Complemented with actor-network theory, these anti-essentialising
approaches help us to see the materiality ofintermediary governance actors.(c) The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected]
Ethics as ritual: smoothing over moments of dislocation in biomedicine
No full textApplications of biomedical R&D currently imply substantial societal concerns. This paper explores, based on semi‐structured interviews with scientists in Norway, how biomedical researchers experience and tackle such concerns in their daily work. It shows how ritualised routine responses to dislocatory moments help maintain order in the daily work of the interviewed scientists; they do not address directly but instead smooth over concerns by a ritualised way of using ethics. This may foreclose substantive reflection and function as a stabiliser for ‘business as usual’. Overall, the current way of responding to concerns as described by the interviewees may contribute to a depoliticisation of important issues. The paper contributes to sociological work on ethics by linking it to recent discussions on Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and by the empirical research presented. The insights can also help improve science policies such as RRI.publishedVersion© 2018 The Author. Sociology of Health & Illness published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation for SHIL. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License
Trust as Glue in Nanotechnology Governance Networks
No full textThis paper reflects on the change of relations
among participants in nanotechnology governance
through their participation in governance processes such
as stakeholder dialogues. I show that policymaking in
practice—that is, the practice of coming and working
together in such stakeholder dialogues—has the potential for two-fold performative effects: it can contribute to
the development of trust and mutual responsibility on
the part of the involved actors, and it may bring about
effects on the formation of boundaries of what is sayable
and thinkable in nanotechnology governance. Three
vignettes about the work of the German NanoKommission indicate the development of new relations of trust,
recognition and mutual responsibility among actors. It is
concluded that governance in practice can assemble new
collectives in which relations of trust are the glue
holding the complex structure together. While such a
consensus-based progress may be favourable for
smooth technology development, it can be considered
problematic if evaluated against the ideals of deliberative democracy, which often form the premises on
which public engagement is based. Stakeholder forums
were set in place with the intention of including various
actors, but this is Janus-faced: if a dialogue becomes encapsulated in new governance networks, new exclusions can arise. For example, a policing of which
information is released to a wider audience can occur.(c)The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.co
Transforming Scientists’ Understanding of Science–Society Relations. Stimulating Double‑Loop Learning when Teaching RRI
No full textpublishedVersion© The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-020-00208
Stemma og stilla i musikk og litteratur
No full textThis book is in commemoration of the composer, educator, conductor and social worker Magnar Åm’s 70th birthday. Right from the start of work as a composer, music as a form of recognition has been central, along with an impulse to disrupt boundaries between established forms and conventions. This has also been a guiding principle behind the contributions to this anthology, where the goal has not only been to honor one individual, but to be a source of new insight.
Music and literature are about the creation and dissemination of meaning. In this sense, it is paradoxical to talk about silence as a hallmark of certain art forms. But anyone who reads or listens actively knows that there is more to be gained from art than what lies in the immediate and explicit expression. The voice (in a broad sense) finds its complimentary opposite in silence.
The first part of the anthology provides a brief theoretical background for interdisciplinary research into music and literature. The contributions that follow do not view artworks simply as finished products, but as parts of a living practice in which the composer, author, music, text, performer and audience all meet. In the next part, we are drawn into the workshops of composers and musicians who reflect on the music of Magnar Åm, as well as their own in light of this. In the final part, we cross the border between art and other forms of experience, with eudaimonia as a unifying concept: How should one live a complete and meaningful life?
This book has been written by researchers in a variety of fields such as literature, music, natural science and outdoor life, as well as practicing artists: composers, musicians and writers. Between research and art, through scientific articles and professional essays, a conversation arises that engenders recognition across fixed boundaries.Denne boka er eit festskrift i høve 70-årsdagen til komponisten, pedagogen, dirigenten og samfunnsmennesket Magnar Åm. Heilt frå starten av komposisjonsarbeidet hans har musikken som erkjenningsform stått sentralt, men også trongen til å bryte grensene mellom etablerte former og konvensjonar. Dette har fungert som leietrådar også for bidraga til denne antologien. Målet har ikkje berre vore å lage eit heidersskrift til éin person, men å vere ei kjelde til ny innsikt.
Musikk og litteratur handlar om skaping og formidling av meining. Slik sett er det paradoksalt å snakke om stille som eit sentralt kjenneteikn ved desse kunstartane. Men alle som les og lyttar aktivt, veit at det er meir å hente i kunsten enn det som ligg i det umiddelbare og eksplisitte uttrykket. Stemma (i vid tyding) har stilla som si komplementære motsetning.
Første hovuddel av antologien gir ein kortfatta teoretisk bakgrunn for ei tverrvitskapleg forsking på musikk og litteratur. Bidraga som følgjer ser ikkje på kunstverka berre som ferdige produkt, men som delar av ein levande praksis, i møtet mellom komponist, forfattar, musikk, tekst, utøvar og mottakar. I neste del blir vi tekne med inn i verkstaden til komponistar og musikarar som kommenterer musikken til Magnar Åm, men også sin eigen i dette lyset. I siste del kryssar vi grensa mellom kunsten og andre erfaringsformer, med eudaimonia som samlande omgrep: Korleis kan ein kan leve eit fullstendig og meiningsfullt liv?
Boka er skriven av forskarar frå ulike fagfelt som litteratur, musikk, naturvitskap, friluftsliv, men også av utøvande kunstnarar: komponistar, musikarar og forfattarar. I møtet mellom forsking og kunst, gjennom vitskaplege artiklar og faglege essay, oppstår det ein samtale som skaper erkjenning på tvers av fastlåste grenser
Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous glucagon delivery in anaesthetized pigs: effects on circulating glucagon and glucose levels
No full textGlucagon is a pancreatic hormone and increases the blood glucose levels. It may be incorporated in a dual hormone artificial pancreas, a device to automatically and continuously control blood glucose levels of individuals with diabetes. Artificial pancreas systems have been developed for use in the subcutaneous tissue; however, the systems are not fully automated due to slow dynamics. The intraperitoneal space is therefore investigated as an alternative location for an artificial pancreas. Glucose dynamics after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal glucagon delivery in ten anaesthetized pigs were investigated. The pigs received intraperitoneal boluses of 0.3 µg/kg and 0.6 µg/kg and a subcutaneous bolus of 0.6 µg/kg in randomized order. They also received an intraperitoneal bolus of 1 mg given at the end of the experiments to test the remaining capacity of rapid glucose release. Six pigs were included in the statistical analysis. The intraperitoneal glucagon bolus of 0.6 µg/kg gave a significantly higher glucose response from 14 to 30 min compared with the subcutaneous bolus. The results indicate that glucagon induces a larger glucose response after intraperitoneal delivery compared with subcutaneous delivery and is encouraging for the incorporation of glucagon in an intraperitoneal artificial pancreas.publishedVersionOpen Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Stemma og stilla i musikk og litteratur
No full textThis book is in commemoration of the composer, educator, conductor and social worker Magnar Åm’s 70th birthday. Right from the start of work as a composer, music as a form of recognition has been central, along with an impulse to disrupt boundaries between established forms and conventions. This has also been a guiding principle behind the contributions to this anthology, where the goal has not only been to honor one individual, but to be a source of new insight.
Music and literature are about the creation and dissemination of meaning. In this sense, it is paradoxical to talk about silence as a hallmark of certain art forms. But anyone who reads or listens actively knows that there is more to be gained from art than what lies in the immediate and explicit expression. The voice (in a broad sense) finds its complimentary opposite in silence.
The first part of the anthology provides a brief theoretical background for interdisciplinary research into music and literature. The contributions that follow do not view artworks simply as finished products, but as parts of a living practice in which the composer, author, music, text, performer and audience all meet. In the next part, we are drawn into the workshops of composers and musicians who reflect on the music of Magnar Åm, as well as their own in light of this. In the final part, we cross the border between art and other forms of experience, with eudaimonia as a unifying concept: How should one live a complete and meaningful life?
This book has been written by researchers in a variety of fields such as literature, music, natural science and outdoor life, as well as practicing artists: composers, musicians and writers. Between research and art, through scientific articles and professional essays, a conversation arises that engenders recognition across fixed boundaries
Intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and intravenous glucagon delivery and subsequent glucose response in rats: A randomized controlled crossover trial
No full textObjective Hypoglycemia is a frequent and potentially dangerous event among patients with diabetes mellitus type 1. Subcutaneous glucagon is an emergency treatment to counteract severe hypoglycemia. The effect of intraperitoneal glucagon delivery is sparsely studied. We performed a direct comparison of the blood glucose response following intraperitoneally, subcutaneously and intravenously administered glucagon.
Research design and methods This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label, crossover trial in 20 octreotide-treated rats. Three interventions, 1 week apart, in a randomized order, were done in each rat. All 20 rats were given intraperitoneal and subcutaneous glucagon injections, from which 5 rats were given intravenous glucagon injections and 15 rats received placebo (intraperitoneal isotonic saline) injection. The dose of glucagon was 5 µg/kg body weight for all routes of administration. Blood glucose levels were measured before and until 60 min after the glucagon/placebo injections.
Results Compared with placebo-treated rats, a significant increase in blood glucose was observed 4 min after intraperitoneal glucagon administration (p=0.009), whereas after subcutaneous and intravenous glucagon administration significant increases were seen after 8 min (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). In intraperitoneally treated compared with subcutaneously treated rats, the increase in blood glucose was higher after 4 min (p=0.019) and lower after 40 min (p=0.005) and 50 min (p=0.011). The maximum glucose response occurred earlier after intraperitoneal compared with subcutaneous glucagon injection (25 min vs 35 min; p=0.003).
Conclusions Glucagon administered intraperitoneally gives a faster glucose response compared with subcutaneously administered glucagon in rats. If repeatable in humans, the more rapid glucose response may be of importance in a dual-hormone artificial pancreas using the intraperitoneal route for administration of insulin and glucagon.publishedVersion© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ
Chlorine oxidation of VOCs at a semi-rural site in Beijing:Significant chlorine liberation from ClNO<sub>2</sub> and subsequent gas- A nd particle-phase Cl-VOC production
No full textNitryl chloride (ClNO2) accumulation at night acts as a significant reservoir for active chlorine and impacts the following day's photochemistry when the chlorine atom is liberated at sunrise. Here, we report simultaneous measurements of N2O5 and a suite of inorganic halogens including ClNO2 and reactions of chloride with volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs) in the gas and particle phases utilising the Filter Inlet for Gas and AEROsols time-of-flight chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS) during an intensive measurement campaign 40km northwest of Beijing in May and June 2016. A maximum mixing ratio of 2900ppt of ClNO2 was observed with a mean campaign nighttime mixing ratio of 487ppt, appearing to have an anthropogenic source supported by correlation with SO2, CO and benzene, which often persisted at high levels after sunrise until midday. This was attributed to such high mixing ratios persisting after numerous e-folding times of the photolytic lifetime enabling the chlorine atom production to reach 2.3 × 105moleculescm-3 from ClNO2 alone, peaking at 09:30LT and up to 8.4 × 105moleculescm-3 when including the supporting inorganic halogen measurements. Cl-VOCs were observed in the particle and gas phases for the first time at high time resolution and illustrate how the iodide ToF-CIMS can detect unique markers of chlorine atom chemistry in ambient air from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Their presence and abundance can be explained via time series of their measured and steady-state calculated precursors, enabling the assessment of competing OH and chlorine atom oxidation via measurements of products from both of these mechanisms and their relative contribution to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation.</p
