5 research outputs found
Structure Population In Thioi-passivated Gold Nanoparticles
No full textChemically synthesized nanoparticles can be regarded as building blocks for more complex systems. Hence, the characterization of their attributes is a key step toward controlling and tuning the properties of new nanocomposite materials. We present a structural characterization of thiol-capped gold nanoparticles as a function of size (2-4 nm) by X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition to the fee bulk structure, nanometric gold may present decahedral or icosahedral structures depending on particle size. To evaluate the structure evolution, we have applied Debye function analysis to the XRD profiles. The analysis reveals a high proportion of defective and complex structures in all samples, which may have become trapped by the growth conditions. Nevertheless, the fee structure is more prominent with increasing diameter, indicating that thermodynamics also plays an important role in the average structure of this system. The results underline the importance of performing careful structural characterization of chemically synthesized nanoparticles, in particular, in systems such as gold, where several distinct and stable structures are known to have little difference in energy. © 2000 American Chemical Society.104471101311018Alivisatos, A.P., Barbara, P.F., Castleman, A.W., Chang, J., Dixon, D.A., Klein, M.L., McLendon, G.L., Ratner, M.A., (1998) Adv. Mater., 10, p. 1297. , and references thereinPen, X., Wickham, J., Alivisatos, A.P., (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, p. 5343Alvarez, M.M., Khoury, J.T., Schaaff, T.G., Stifanafigullin, M., Vezmar, L., Whetten, R.L., (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B., 707, p. 3706Sun, S.H., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989Bucher, J.P., Douglas, D.C., Blomfield, L.A., (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 66, p. 3052Lisiecki, I., Filankembo, A., Sack-Kongehl, H., Weiss, K., Pileni, M.P., Urban, J., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 61, p. 4968Peng, X., Manna, L., Yang, W., Wickham, J., Scher, E., Kadavanich, A., Alivisatos, A.P., (2000) Nature, 404, p. 59Ino, S., (1969) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 26, p. 1559Ino, S., (1969) J. Phys. Soc.'Jpn., 27, p. 941Flueli, M., (1989) Observation des Structures Anormales de Petites Particules d'Or et_d'Argent par Microscopic Eletronique AHaute Resolution et Diffraction d'Electrons par un Jet d'Agregats d'Argent, , These No 769, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, SwitzerlandMalm, J.-O., O'Keefe, M.A., (1997) Ullramicroscopy, 68, p. 13Brust, M., Walker, M., Bethell, D., Schiffrin, D.J., Whyman, R., (1994) J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., p. 801Brust, M., Bethell, D., Schiffrin, D.J., Kiely, C.J., (1995) Adv. Mater., 7, p. 795Zanchet, D., Tolentino, H., Martins Alves, M.C., Alves, O.L., Ugarte, D., (2000) Chem. Phys. Lett., 323, p. 167Cusatis, C., Franco, M.K., Kakuno, E., Giles, C., Morelhao, S., Mello, V., Mazzaro, I., (1998) J. Synchrotron Rad., 5, p. 491Marks, L.D., (1994) Rep. Prog. Phys., 57, p. 603Zanchet, D., Hall, B.D., Ugarte, D., (1999) Characterization of Nanophase Materials, , Wang, Z. L., Ed.VCH-Wiley: WeinheimHall, B.D., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 1666Hall, B.D., Flüeli, M., Monot, R., Borel, J.-P., (1989) Z Phys. D, 12, p. 97Hall, B.D., Flüeli, M., Monot, R., Borel, J.-P., (1991) Phys. Rev. B, 43, p. 3906Reinhard, D., Hall, B.D., Ugarte, D., Monot, R., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55, p. 7868Gnutzmann, V., Vogel, W., (1990) /. Phys. Chem., 94, p. 4991Vogel, W., Cunningham, D.A.H., Tanaka, K., Haruta, M., (1996) Catal. Lett., 40, p. 175Guinier, A., (1994) X-ray Diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals, and Amorphous Bodies, , Dover: New YorkHall, B.D., Zanchet, D., Ugarte, D.J., Appl. Crystallogr, , Accepted for publicationVogel, W., Bradley, J., Vollmer, O., Abraham, I., (1998) J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, p. 10853Van De Waal, B., (1996) Phys. Rev. Lett., 76, p. 1083Cleveland, C.L., Landman, U., Schaaff, T.G., Shafigullin, M.N., Stephens, P.W., Whetten, R.L., (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, p. 1873Sun, S., Murray, C.B., (1999) /. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 4325Dinega, D.P., Bawendi, M.G., (1999) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 38, p. 1788Hosteller, M.J., Wingate, J.E., Zhong, C.J., Harris, J.E., Vachet, R.W., Clark, M.R., Londono, J.D., Murray, R.W., (1998) Langmuir, 14, p. 1
Relationship Between Oral Parafunctional/nutritive Sucking Habits And Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction In Primary Dentition
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nutritive and parafunctional habits and the presence of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) in children with primary dentition. Methods. Ninety nine children, aged 3-5 years, were examined to check for the presence or absence of signs and symptoms of TMD (headache, preauricular pain, earache, masticatory muscle tenderness, deviation on opening, occlusal interference and asymmetric movement of the mandible), oral parafunctions (bruxism, nail biting, finger/thumb sucking, speech alteration, mouth breathing, pacifier and atypical swallowing) and nutritive habits (breast- or bottle-feeding) through interview and clinical examination. The results were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and Fisher's exact test. Results. The results showed that only atypical swallowing was positively related to TMD (P < 0.0001); other oral parafunctional and nutritive habits were not related to TMD. Conclusions. It was concluded that parafunctional habits, with the exception of atypical swallowing, and feeding methods were not determinants for the presence of signs and/ or symptoms of TMD in the sample of children included in the study.1512936Ravn, J.J., Sucking habits and occlusion in 3-year-old children (1976) Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research, 84, pp. 204-209Nilner, M., Lassing, S., Prevalence of functional disturbances and diseases of the stomatognathic system in 7-14 years olds (1981) Swedish Dental Journal, 5, pp. 173-187Nilner, M., Relationships between oral parafunctions and functional disturbances and diseases of the stomatognathic system among children aged 7-14 years (1983) Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 41, pp. 167-172Bernal, M., Tsamtsouris, A., Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction in 3-5 year old children (1986) Journal of Pedodontics, 10, pp. 127-140Baer, P.N., Lester, M., The thumb, the pacifier, the erupting tooth and a beautiful smile (1987) Journal of Pedodontics, 11, pp. 113-119Widmalm, S.K., Christiansen, R.L., Gunn, S.M., Hawley, L.M., Prevalence of signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders and orofacial parafunction in 4-6-year-old African-American and Caucasian children (1995) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 22, pp. 87-93Bayardo, R.E., Mejia, J.J., Orozco, S., Montoya, K., Etiology of oral habits (1996) Journal of Dentistry for Children, 63, pp. 350-353Farsi, N.M.A., Salama, F.S., Sucking habits in Saudi children: Prevalence, contributing factors and effects on the primary dentition (1997) Pediatric Dentistry, 19, pp. 28-33Serra-Negra, J.M.C., Pordeus, I.A., Rocha Jr., J.F., Study of the relationship between infant feeding methods, oral habits, and malocclusion (1997) Revista de Odontologia Da Universidade de São Paulo, 11, pp. 79-86Nowak, A.J., Warren, J.J., Infant oral health and oral habits (2000) Pediatric Clinics of North America, 47, pp. 1043-1066Ehrlich, J., Hochman, N., Yaffe, A., Contribution of oral habits to dental disorders (1992) Journal of Craniomandibular Practice, 10, pp. 144-147Thilander, B., Rubio, G., Pena, L., De Mayorga, C., Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and its association with malocclusion in children and adolescents: An epidemiologic study related to specified stages of dental development (2002) Angle Orthodontist, 72 (2), pp. 146-154Kritsineli, M., Shim, Y.S., Malocclusion, body posture, and temporomandibular disorder in children with primary and mixed dentition (1992) Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 16, pp. 86-93Morinushi, T., Ohno, H., Ohno, K., Oku, T., Ogura, T., Two year longitudinal study of the fluctuation of clinical signs of TMJ dysfunction in Japanese adolescents (1991) Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 15, pp. 232-240Okeson, J.P., Temporomandibular disorders in children (1989) Pediatric Dentistry, 11, pp. 325-329Sönmez, H., Sari, S., Oksak Oray, G., Camdeviren, H., Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction in Turkish children with mixed and permanent dentition (2001) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 28, pp. 280-285Bodner, L., Miller, V.J., Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in children: Evaluation of treatment (1998) International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 44, pp. 133-137Alamoudi, N., Correlation between oral parafunction and temporomandibular disorders and emotional status among Saudi children (2001) Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 26, pp. 71-80Vanderas, A.P., Prevalence of craniomandibular dysfunction in White children with different emotional states: Part III. A comparative study (1992) Journal of Dentistry for Children, 59, pp. 23-27Keeling, S.D., McGorray, S., Wheeler, T.T., King, G.J., Risk factors associated with TMJ sounds in children 6-12 years of age (1994) American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 105, pp. 279-287Padamsee, M., Ahlin, J.H., Ko, C.-M., Tsamtsouris, A., Functional disorders of the stomatognathic system: Part II - A review (1985) Journal of Pedodontics, 10, pp. 1-21Black, B., Kövesi, E., Chusid, I.J., Pernicious buccal habits (1990) Ortodontia, 23, pp. 40-44Ahlgren, J., EMG studies of lip and cheek activity in sucking habits (1995) Swedish Dental Journal, 19, pp. 95-101Widmalm, S.E., Christiansen, R.L., Gunn, S.M., Oral parafunctions as temporomandibular disorder risk factors in children (1995) Journal of Craniomandibular Practice, 13, pp. 242-246Widmalm, S.E., Gunn, S.M., Christiansen, R.L., Hawley, L.M., Association between CMD signs and symptoms, oral parafunction, race and sex in 4-6 year-old African, American and Caucasian children (1995) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 22, pp. 95-100Vanderas, A.P., Relationship between oral parafunctions and craniomandibular dysfunction in children and adolescents: A review (1994) Journal of Dentistry for Children, 61, pp. 378-381Vanderas, A.P., Relationship between craniomandibular dysfunction and oral parafunctions in Caucasian children with and without unpleasant life events (1995) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 22, pp. 289-294Ash, M.M., Current concepts in the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of TMJ and muscle dysfunction (1986) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 13, pp. 1-20Widmalm, S.E., Christiansen, R.L., Gunn, S.M., Crepitation and clicking as signs of TMD in preschool children (1999) Journal of Craniomandibular Practice, 17, pp. 58-63Bakke, M., Möller, E., Craniomandibular disorders and masticatory muscle function (1992) Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research, 100, pp. 32-38Padamsee, M., Tsamtsouris, A., Ahlin, J.H., Ko, C.-M., Functional disorders of the stomatognathic system: Part I - A review (1985) Journal of Pedodontics, 9, pp. 179-187Ahmad, R., Bruxism in children (1986) Journal of Pedodontics, 10, pp. 105-126Sari, S., Sonmez, H., Investigation of the relationship between oral parafunctions and temporomandibular joint dysfunction in Turkish children with mixed and permanent dentition (2002) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 29, pp. 108-112Bonjardim, L.R., Gavião, M.B., Carmagnani, F.G., Pereira, L.J., Castelo, P.M., Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in children with primary dentition (2003) Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 28 (1), pp. 53-58Egermark-Eriksson, I., Mandibular dysfunction in children and in individuals with dual bite (1982) Swedish Dental Journal, 10Fricton, J.R., Schiffman, E.L., The craniomandibular index: Validity (1987) Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 58 (2), pp. 222-228Akeel, R., Al Jasser, N., Temporomandibular disorders in Saudi females seeking orthodontic treatment (1999) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 26 (9), pp. 757-762Egermark, I., Carlson, G.E., Magnusson, T., A 20-year longitudinal study of subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from childhood to adulthood (2001) Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 59 (1), pp. 40-48Guideline on acquired temporomandibular disorders in infants, children and adolescents (2002) Pediatric Dentistry, 24 (7 SUPPL.), pp. 43-122Gavish, A., Halachmi, M., Winocur, E., Gazit, E., Oral habits and their association with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in adolescents girls (2000) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 27, pp. 22-32Reding, G.R., Rubright, W.C., Zimmerman, S.O., Incidence of bruxism (1966) Journal of Dental Research, 45, pp. 1198-1204Lobbezoo, F., Soucy, J.P., Montplaisir, J.Y., Lavigne, G.J., Striatal D2 receptor binding in sleep bruxism: A controlled study with iodine-123-iodobenzamide and single-photon-emission computed tomography (1996) Journal of Dental Research, 75, pp. 1804-1810Clark, G.T., Beemsterboer, P.L., Rugh, J.D., Nocturnal masseter muscle activity and the symptom of masticatory dysfunction (1981) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 8, pp. 279-286Pierce, C.J., Gale, E.N., Methodological considerations concerning the use of Bruxcore Plates to evaluate nocturnal bruxism (1989) Journal of Dental Research, 68, pp. 1110-1114Johansson, A., Omar, R., Fareed, K., Haraldson, T., Kiliaridis, S., Carlsson, G.E., Comparison of the prevalence, severity and possible causes of occlusal tooth wear in two young adult populations (1993) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 20, pp. 463-471Magnusson, T., Carlsson, G.E., Egermark, I., Changes in subjective symptoms of craniomandibular disorders in children and adolescents during a 10-year period (1993) Journal of Orofacial Pain, 7, pp. 76-82Rugh, J.D., Solberg, W.K., Electromyographic studies of bruxist behavior before and during treatment (1975) Journal of the California Dental Association, 3, pp. 56-59Bianchini, E.M.G., Temporomandibular disorders - Swallowing and speech production analysis (1999) Revista Dental Press de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial, 4, pp. 55-60Williamson, E.H., Hall, J.T., Zwemer, J.D., Swallowing patterns in human subjects with and without temporomandibular dysfunction (1990) American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 98, pp. 507-511Goldstein, L.B., Last, F.C., Salerno, V.M., Prevalence of hyperactive digastric muscles during swallowing as measured by electromyography in pacients with myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (1997) Functional Orthodontist, 14, pp. 18-22Inoue, N., Sakashita, R., Kamegai, T., Reduction of masseter muscle activity in bottle-fed babies (1995) Early Human Development, 42, pp. 185-193Legovic, M., Ostric, L., The effects of feeding methods on the growth of the jaws in infants (1991) Journal of Dentistry for Children, 58, pp. 253-255Bodin, C., Lodetti, G., Marinone, M.G., Temporo-mandibular joint kinetics and chewing cycles in children. A 3-year follow-up (2002) International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 12, pp. 33-3
Feiras livres em Florianópolis - SC: práticas sustentáveis na comercialização de frutas, legumes e verduras in natura
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Florianópolis, 2014As feiras livres compõem uma modalidade de mercado varejista localizado ao ar livre, caracterizada principalmente pela comercialização da produção de pequenos produtores rurais. Podem se constituir em um importante espaço para a promoção de uma alimentação saudável por meio do comércio de frutas, legumes e verduras, como pelo incentivo de práticas sustentáveis. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar as feiras livres e analisar as práticas sustentáveis na comercialização de frutas, legumes e verduras in natura na cidade de Florianópolis, SC. Realizou-se um estudo do tipo censo nas feiras livres que comercializam frutas, legumes e verduras in natura cadastradas na prefeitura de Florianópolis, SC, no primeiro semestre de 2014. Foram analisadas 25 feiras livres, totalizando 31 bancas. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi estruturado em dois blocos. O bloco A, referente à caracterização das feiras e as características gerais dos feirantes. O bloco B continha questões relacionadas à variável práticas sustentáveis na comercialização de frutas, legumes e verduras in natura nas feiras livres. Foram encontradas feiras livres situadas em diversificados locais da cidade e dias da semana de modo a facilitar o acesso dos consumidores. O público idoso eram os consumidores que mais frequentavam as feiras livres (83,9%). A maioria dos feirantes era do sexo masculino (77,4%), com ensino fundamental ou ensino médio completo (96,7%) e idade média de 49 anos. Apenas 6,4% dos feirantes relataram encontrar dificuldades nas feiras livres, principalmente relacionada à falta de apoio local e falta de estrutura básica. Para a maioria dos feirantes (93,5%) a feira livre era a única fonte de renda da família. Pode-se perceber uma escassez de bancas que comercializavam frutas, legumes e verduras in natura orgânicos (19,3%). No entanto, esses alimentos orgânicos eram oriundos da própria produção, diferentemente dos alimentos convencionais que eram provenientes da Central de abastecimento (Ceasa). Verificou-se a semelhança entre os preços dos alimentos convencionais comercializados em diferentes regiões, assim como os preços dos alimentos orgânicos. Dentre os principais tipos de embalagens de frutas, legumes e verduras in natura, predominou a embalagem plástica (100,0%) e isopor com papel filme (48,4%). Além disso, havia disponível em todas as bancas embalagens para os consumidores realizarem a compra, e a principal citada foi a sacola plástica (54,8%). Situadas na região insular de Florianópolis, SC, pode-se constatar que as feiras livres podem se constituir espaços de incentivo a uma alimentação mais saudável, devido à disponibilidade de frutas, legumes e verduras in natura. Porém, foi identificado uma limitação quanto às práticas sustentáveis realizadas pelos feirantes podendo comprometer a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Contudo, o incentivo à produção de orgânicos mostrou-se como importante estratégia para a promoção da sustentabilidade ambiental. Para tal, se faz necessário maior valorização desse tipo de comércio, principalmente um maior reconhecimento dos órgãos públicos frente à importância das feiras livres, com o intuito de fortalecer cada vez mais esse modo de comercialização.Abstract: The fairs constitute a form of retail market located outdoors, mainly characterized by the commercialization of the production of small farmers. May constitute an important space for the promotion of healthy eating through trade of vegetables and fruits, such as by encouraging sustainable practices. The aim of this study was to characterize the fairs and analyze sustainable practices in the marketing of fresh fruits and vegetables in the city of Florianópolis, SC. We conducted a study of census type in free markets that sell fresh fruits and vegetables registered in the municipality of Florianópolis, SC, in the first half of 2014 25 fairs, totaling 31 stalls were analyzed. The instrument for data collection was divided into two blocks. Block A, concerning the characterization of the fairs and the general characteristics of the fairground. The block B contained questions related to the variable sustainable practices in the marketing of fresh fruits and vegetables in the free markets. Fairs were found located in diverse places of the city and days of the week in order to facilitate consumer access. The elderly audience were consumers who most frequented the fairs (83.9%). Most stallholders were male (77.4%), with primary education or completed high school (96.7%) and mean age of 49 years. Only 6.4% of merchants reported difficulties in finding fairs, mainly related to the lack of local support and lack of basic structure. For most merchants (93.5%) free fair was the only source of family income. Can perceive a shortage of stalls which marketed fresh fruits and vegetables organic (19.3%). However, these were from organic food production itself, unlike conventional foods that were from Central Supply (Ceasa). It was found the similarity between the prices of conventional foods marketed in different regions as well as the prices of organic foods. Among the main types of packaging of fresh fruits and vegetables, predominant plastic bag (100.0%) and polystyrene with plastic wrap (48.4%). In addition, there were available in all newsstands packaging for consumers realize the purchase, and the principal was quoted plastic bag (54.8%). Situated in the island region of Florianópolis, SC, it can be seen that free markets can constitute spaces to encourage a healthier diet, due to the availability of fresh fruits and vegetables. However, a limitation was identified as sustainable practices carried out by stallholders may compromise the Food Security and Nutrition. However, the incentive to produce organic showed up as an important strategy for promoting environmental sustainability. To this end, greater appreciation of this type of trade, mainly greater recognition of public agencies across the importance of free markets, in order to steadily strengthen this mode of marketing is necessary
Author Correction: One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains
No full textA cross-disciplinary analysis of authorial voice in the rhetorical structures of research article abstracts in the fields of linguistics and economics written by native and non-native English speakers
No full textThis study aims to offer a cross-disciplinary analysis of authorial voice in the rhetorical structures of research article abstracts in the fields of linguistics and economics written by native and non-native English speakers. The research addresses questions related to the frequency of authorial voice in abstracts, the differences between the authorʼs self-mentioning, cross-discipline-wise and cross-culturally, and its influence on the rhetorical structure of abstracts. The study is based on Hylandʼs (2000) five-move model and combines quantitative and qualitative methods. The frequency of the authorʼs self-mentioning across thirty-two abstracts from the two selected fields of knowledge was determined by specifying the distribution of the authorʼs visibility among the moves as well the forms of their visibility. The results of the study showcase the similarities and differences in conveying authorial voice in the corpus and are discussed thoroughly. We found that linguistic abstracts are characterised by a low degree of authorial voice while economic abstracts show a much higher frequency of authorial voice in the form of pronouns. We contend that there is a tendency towards higher authorial visibility among Anglo-American academic writers in comparison with non-native speakers.This study has been written as part of the KEGA 004PU-4/2023 research grant scheme.Klaudia Bednárová-Gibová: [email protected] Galaidin is an alumnus and an academic teacher at Polonia University in Czestochowa, Poland, majoring in English teaching. He is currently a final-year PhD. student in the study programme English language and Anglophone culture at the University of Presov, Slovakia. In his dissertation, he explores cross-field and cross-cultural aspects of academic writing in English with a special focus on research article abstracts under supervision of the second author. At the same time, he is a master´s student of economics at Polonia University in Czestochowa. His scientific interests comprise English linguistics, in the first place, English didactics and translation studies. He takes a sustained interest in the issue of academic writing and its cross-cultural dimensions.Klaudia Bednárová-Gibová is an Associate Professor at the Institute of British and American Studies at the University of Presov in Slovakia, majoring in translation studies and lexical semantics. She has primarily devoted herself to institutional translation and aspects of text-oriented analysis in (non-)literary translation. Her more recent research interests oscillate between the sociology of translation and psycho-translation studies. Her current research concerns a socio-psychological profiling of translators as working language industry agents and the affectivity of translator behaviour. 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