26 research outputs found
Progetto del Piano Guida del terminal di Punta Sabbioni a Venezia.
No full textIl progetto pubblicato è il risultato dell'attività progettuale svolta in qualità di Atelier autonomo presso il Comune di Venezia negli anni 1994/96 sotto la supervisione di Leonardo Benevol
PESI - a taxonomic backbone for Europe
No full textThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The attached file is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor
Code-to-code benchmark tests for 3D simulation models dedicated to the extraction region in negative ion sources
No full text
The impact of heat waves on mortality.
No full textBACKGROUND: Heat waves have been linked with an increase in mortality, but the associated risk has been only partly characterized. METHODS: We examined this association by decomposing the risk for temperature into a "main effect" due to independent effects of daily high temperatures, and an "added" effect due to sustained duration of heat during waves, using data from 108 communities in the United States during 1987-2000. We adopted different definitions of heat-wave days on the basis of combinations of temperature thresholds and days of duration. The main effect was estimated through distributed lag nonlinear functions of temperature, which account for nonlinear delayed effects and short-time harvesting. We defined the main effect as the relative risk between the median city-specific temperature during heat-wave days and the 75th percentile of the year-round distribution. The added effect was defined first using a simple indicator, and then a function of consecutive heat-wave days. City-specific main and added effects were pooled through univariate and multivariate meta-analytic techniques. RESULTS: The added wave effect was small (0.2%-2.8% excess relative risk, depending on wave definition) compared with the main effect (4.9%-8.0%), and was apparent only after 4 consecutive heat-wave days. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the excess risk with heat waves in the United States can be simply summarized as the independent effects of individual days' temperatures. A smaller added effect arises in heat waves lasting more than 4 days
Redistribution of garbage codes to underlying causes of death: a systematic analysis on Italy and a comparison with most populous Western European countries based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (Jan, 10.1093/eurpub/ckab194, 2022)
No full textIn the originally published version of this manuscript, an author was erroneously omitted from the list of authors. The list should read:
“Lorenzo Monasta, Gianfranco Alicandro, Maja Pasovic, Matthew Cunningham, Benedetta Armocida, Christopher J L Murray, Luca
Ronfani, Mohsen Naghavi, GBD 2019 Italy Causes of Death Collaborators” instead of “Lorenzo Monasta, Gianfranco Alicandro, Maja
Pasovic, Matthew Cunningham, Benedetta Armocida, Luca Ronfani, Mohsen Naghavi, GBD 2019 Italy Causes of Death Collaborators”. This
error has been corrected online
Perfect Competition
No full textIn his 1987 entry on ‘Perfect Competition’ in The New Palgrave, the author reviewed the question of the perfectness of perfect competition, and gave four alternative formalisations rooted in the so-called Arrow-Debreu-Mckenzie model. That entry is now updated for the second edition to include work done on the subject during the last twenty years. A fresh assessment of this literature is offered, one that emphasises the independence assumption whereby individual agents are not related except through the price system. And it highlights a ‘linguistic turn’ whereby Hayek’s two fundamental papers on ‘division of knowledge’ are seen to have devastating consequences for this research programmeAllocation of Resources, Perfect Competition, Exchange Economy
Perfect Competition
No full textIn his 1987 entry on ‘Perfect Competition’ in The New Palgrave, the author reviewed the question of the perfectness of perfect competition, and gave four alternative formalisations rooted in the so-called Arrow-Debreu-Mckenzie model. That entry is now updated for the second edition to include work done on the subject during the last twenty years. A fresh assessment of this literature is offered, one that emphasises the independence assumption whereby individual agents are not related except through the price system. And it highlights a ‘linguistic turn’ whereby Hayek’s two fundamental papers on ‘division of knowledge’ are seen to have devastating consequences for this research programme.Allocation of Resources; Perfect Competition; Exchange Economy
Strigamia Gray 1843
No full textStrigamia Gray, 1843 Diagnosis. Geophilomorphs with body distinctly narrowing towards both the anterior and the posterior end (Fig. 1). Head about as long as wide (Fig. 2). Antenna about uniform in width or slightly tapering (Fig. 3); club-like sensilla (sensilla basiconica) only on the terminal article; apical sensilla (sensilla brachyconica) without projections. Clypeus uniformly areolate, without clypeal areas (Fig. 2). Labrum without anterior alae and without obviously distinct lateral parts; margin concave, lined with short denticles. Epipharynx with bilobate border between clypeal and labral parts. Mandible with a single pectinate lamella. First maxillae with distinct, entire coxosternite and bi-articulate telopodites, without elongate lappets (Fig. 2). Second maxillary coxosternite uniformly sclerotized, the anterior margin concave, without inner processes; telopodite composed of three articles, bearing a subconic bent claw (Fig. 2). Forcipular metatergite subtrapezoid, posteriorly as wide as the subsequent tergite, the lateral margins converging anteriorly. Forcipular coxosternite wider than long, without anterior denticles; coxopleural sutures complete, entirely ventral, sinuous and distinctly diverging anteriorly; chitin-lines indistinct (Fig. 4). Forcipule relatively short, the trochanteroprefemur without denticles, two distinct intermediate articles, the tarsungulum with one large basal denticle (Fig. 4). Leg-bearing segments without paratergites and without carpophagus pits; metasternites with two paired subovoid posterior pore-fields, usually also two smaller paired anterior pore-fields. Leg claws bearing two slender accessory spines. Ultimate leg-bearing segment with subtrapezoid metasternite; coxal pores present, on the ventral side only (Figs 5–6). Telopodites of the ultimate pair approximately as long as those of the penultimate pair, composed of six articles, swollen in male in comparison with the female, bearing a claw (Figs 7–8). Bi-articulated gonopods in the male, short bilobate gonopodal lamina in the female; a pair of anal pores. Type species: Strigamia fulva Sager, 1856, by subsequent monotypy (I.C.Z.N. 1999: art. 69.3). Synonyms: Linotaenia C.L. Koch; Scolioplanes Bergsøe & Meinert, 1866; Tomotaenia Cook, 1895; Diplochora Attems, 1903; Paraplanes Verhoeff, 1933; Leptodampius Chamberlin, 1938 (new synonymy); Korynia Chamberlin, 1941 (new synonymy). Notes on synonymies. All nominal genera listed above are either confirmed or recognized for the first time as synonyms of Strigamia because their type species match the diagnosis of Strigamia given above. For the species that are known only from the literature, this evaluation was obviously limited to the characters described or illustrated; however, we found no evidence of major differences that justify recognizing these species in distinct genera. In the following, the history of taxonomic opinions is summarized, and arguments for the new synonymies are discussed. The name Strigamia was first introduced by Jones (1843), who acknowledged J.E. Gray as its author. The name was explicitly adopted for the genus that had been previously called Geophilus Leach, but without providing reasons for the substitution. When introduced, Strigamia was accompanied by a very vague diagnosis that fits the concept of the entire Geophilomorpha, and no species were included in it. The concept of Strigamia and the identity of its type species remained unclear for about a century, with different students elaborating different opinions. Some authors considered Strigamia merely a junior synonym of Geophilus (Gervais 1847; Newport 1856; Latzel 1880; Cook 1895). Instead, Wood (1862, 1865, 1867) adopted Strigamia as a valid genus name, with a concept much broader than the current one. Conversely, other influential authors introduced and adopted different generic names for species that are now in Strigamia (C.L. Koch 1847; Bergsøe & Meinert 1866; Cook 1895; Attems 1903, 1929). Such nomenclatural and taxonomic uncertainties were debated between Crabill (1953, 1954 a, 1954 b, 1962 a) and Chamberlin (1954, 1963). The confusion surrounding the type species of Strigamia was eventually clarified by Crabill (1953), who pointed to the fact that S. fulva was the first species included in the genus. Only after that, Strigamia began to be adopted broadly, in a concept broadly corresponding to the one here defined. Linotaenia was introduced by C.L. Koch (1847) to include four species, namely Geophilus crassipes C.L. Koch (currently Strigamia crassipes), Geophilus subtilis C.L. Koch and Linotaenia rosulans C.L. Koch (both currently regarded as junior synonyms of Geophilus acuminatus Leach, currently Strigamia acuminata), and Geophilus nemorensis C.L. Koch (currently Schendyla nemorensis, in the Schendylidae), but without selecting a type species. Because of the heterogeneous original circumscription of Linotaenia, Meinert (1870) and other authors considered it as corresponding partly to Scolioplanes (currently regarded as a synonym of Strigamia) and partly to Schendyla Bergsøe & Meinert. L. rosulans was selected validly as the type species by Pocock (1890), whereas other designations are invalid either because they are subsequent or because the selected species was not originally included in the genus. Linotaenia was adopted with a concept approximately corresponding to our concept of Strigamia, by some of the most active American authors (including C.H. Bollman and R.V. Chamberlin), whereas most European authors rejected it for Scolioplanes. Linotaenia was also adopted by Crabill (1953) as a subgenus of Strigamia but later synonymized under Strigamia by Crabill himself (1960 a). The latter opinion was followed by most subsequent authors. Scolioplanes was introduced by Bergsøe & Meinert (1866) to include three species, namely Geophilus acuminatus Leach, Geophilus crassipes C.L. Koch and Geophilus maritimus Leach (all currently under Strigamia), without selecting a type species. G. maritimus was selected validly as the type species by Cook (1895). Scolioplanes was used as a valid genus, with a concept approximately corresponding to our concept of Strigamia, by most European and Japanese authors (including C. Attems, H.W. Brölemann, F. Meinert, A. Seliwanoff, Y. Takakuwa, and K.W. Verhoeff), while other students regarded Scolioplanes as a junior synonym of Linotaenia (Pocock 1890; Bollman 1893 a, 1893 b; Cook 1895; Silvestri 1905; Crabill 1953; Chamberlin 1954). Scolioplanes was first synonymized under Strigamia by Crabill (1960 a), followed by most subsequent authors. Tomotaenia was introduced by Cook (1895) by designating Strigamia parviceps Wood as type species and including tentatively another twelve species, namely S. bidens Wood, S. bothriopus Wood, S. chionophila Wood, S. fulva Sager, S. laevipes Wood, S. maculaticeps Wood, S. walkeri Wood, Linotaenia branneri Bollman and Scolioplanes exul Meinert (both currently included in Strigamia), Scolioplanes robustus Meinert and Scolioplanes ruber Bollman (both synonymized under Strigamia species), and Scolioplanes longicornis Meinert (of uncertain identity). Tomotaenia was used as valid only by a few other authors (Crabill 1954 a; Kevan & Scudder 1989; Bonato et al. 2011), but it was rejected or at least ignored by most other authors. It was listed explicitly among the synonyms of Scolioplanes by Attems (1929) and among those of Strigamia by Matic (1972). As it is dubious if the type species S. parviceps actually belongs to the genus Strigamia as diagnosed here (see below under “Uncertain species”), the synonymy of Tomotaenia under Strigamia is followed here only provisionally. Diplochora was introduced by Attems (1903) for the single species D. fusata Attems, which is the type species by monotypy. No other species were assigned to Diplochora, which was merely cited by other authors. Diplochora was synonymized under Tomotaenia by Crabill (1962 a, 1962 b), followed by Chamberlin (1963), who also synonymized the type species of the two genera. Diplochora was first regarded as a synonym of Strigamia by Mercurio (2010). Paraplanes was introduced by Verhoeff (1933) for the single species P. svenhedini Verhoeff, which is thus the type species by monotypy. Verhoeff (1938 a) subsequently included another species, P. californicus Ve rh o eff (currently a synonym of Strigamia fusata). Paraplanes was synonymized under Tomotaenia by Chamberlin (1941), but it has been cited as valid also later (Shinohara 1981 a; Wang & Mauriès 1996). It was first listed among the synonyms of Strigamia by Mercurio (2010). Leptodampius was introduced by Chamberlin (1938) for the single species L. lamprus Chamberlin, which is the type species by original designation. The validity of the genus was never questioned. As to its taxonomic position, Chamberlin (1938) did not assign it explicitly to any family but described it as a “geophiloid”, Crabill (1962 b) recognized it as belonging to Dignathodontidae under a concept including also Linotaeniidae, but recent catalogues listed it as a member of the family Geophilidae (Kevan 1983; Mercurio 2010). Leptodampius is recognized here as a synonym of Strigamia because the original description of L. lamprus matches Strigamia in major diagnostic features such as the elongation of the head and the forcipules, the shape of the forcipular tarsungula, the absence of chitin-lines, and the size of the ultimate legs; additionally, Chamberlin (1938) acknowledged that Leptodampius is similar to Agathothus Bollman (which is close to Strigamia; see below under “Similar genera”) and differs from it mainly for a large basal denticle on the forcipular tarsungulum and the narrower metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment, two characters that are found in Strigamia but not in Agathothus. Korynia was introduced by Chamberlin (1941) to include three species, namely K. carmela Chamberlin, K. texensis Chamberlin and K. tripora Chamberlin, among which K. carmela was designated originally as the type species. Another species, K. auxa Chamberlin, was later described under the genus (Chamberlin 1954). Crabill (1954 a) treated Korynia as a subgenus of Tomotaenia, and assigned to it also D. fusata and his new species T. (K.) urania Crabill. However, Crabill’s classification was not followed by other authors, and Korynia was often ignored although not rejected formally (Mercurio 2010). Korynia is recognized here as a synonym of Strigamia because, based on the accounts by Chamberlin (1941, 1954), it matches Strigamia in major diagnostic features such as the shape of the head, the forcipules and the ultimate legs in the male. However, the ventral pore-fields were not mentioned by Chamberlin (1941), while they were described as “not detected” by Chamberlin (1954) in K. texensis, but we agree with Crabill (1954 a) that this should not be construed as a reliable indication by Chamberlin that the pores are actually absent in the Korynia species. Actually, Crabill (1954 a) found that, in another species recognized by him as representative of Korynia, the pores are present, at least in the anterior part of trunk, although detectable with difficulty. Supporting our opinion is also the fact that Chamberlin acknowledged explicitly that Korynia resembles Linotaenia specifically in the head shape, the labrum, the mouth parts, and the basal denticle of the forcipular tarsungulum (Chamberlin 1941), and that it resembles Tomotaenia specifically in the pattern of coxal pores (Chamberlin 1954). Similar genera. Strigamia is most similar to the genera Agathothus Bollman, 1893, Araucania Chamberlin, 1955, Damothus Chamberlin, 1960, and Zantaenia Chamberlin, 1960. These are all small genera, including one or two species each. To the exclusion of Araucania, which is endemic to a small region in the central-southern Andes, all others inhabit North America within the range of Strigamia. With the exception of Damothus, the morphology of these genera is not known at a satisfactory level, and they have been recorded very rarely. As far as known, most of them differ from Strigamia in the basal denticle of the forcipular tarsungulum, which is completely wanting in Agathothus and Zantaenia, and double in Damothus. Additionally, the labrum is lined with many projections besides the medial tubercles in Araucania, the legs of the ultimate pair are distinctly longer than the penultimate pair at least in Agathothus and Damothus, the ventral glandular pores are putatively lacking in Damothus, and the ultimate legs of the male lack claws in Zantaenia. Other genera have been considered in the past as closely related to Strigamia or even as its synonyms, and thus often classified in the same family Linotaeniidae. This is the case of Horonia Chamberlin, 1966, Javaenia Chamberlin, 1944, Malochora Chamberlin, 1941 and Pagotaenia Chamberlin, 1915. However, based on their original descriptions, they are most probably much more distant from Strigamia, if not misplaced at all. Included species. The species we recognize in Strigamia are listed below in alphabetic order. Main morphological features are given in Table 1. An asterisk (*) indicates the species whose taxonomic validity is tentative only. Original combinations, type localities and information about type specimens are given in Appendix 2. ...... continued on the next pagePublished as part of Bonato, Lucio, Dányi, László, Socci, Antonio Augusto & Minelli, Alessandro, 2012, Species diversity of Strigamia Gray, 1843 (Chilopoda: Linotaeniidae): a preliminary synthesis, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 3593 on pages 3-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21489
Association of Forced Vital Capacity with the Developmental Gene <em>NCOR2</em>
No full text\ua9 2016 Minelli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Background Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) is an important predictor of all-cause mortality in the absence of chronic respiratory conditions. Epidemiological evidence highlights the role of early life factors on adult FVC, pointing to environmental exposures and genes affecting lung development as risk factors for low FVC later in life. Although highly heritable, a small number of genes have been found associated with FVC, and we aimed at identifying further genetic variants by focusing on lung development genes. Methods Per-allele effects of 24,728 SNPs in 403 genes involved in lung development were tested in 7,749 adults from three studies (NFBC1966, ECRHS, EGEA). The most significant SNP for the top 25 genes was followed-up in 46,103 adults (CHARGE and SpiroMeta consortia) and 5,062 children (ALSPAC). Associations were considered replicated if the replication p-value survived Bonferroni correction (p<0.002; 0.05/25), with a nominal p-value considered as suggestive evidence. For SNPs with evidence of replication, effects on the expression levels of nearby genes in lung tissue were tested in 1,111 lung samples (Lung eQTL consortium), with further functional investigation performed using public epigenomic profiling data (ENCODE). Results NCOR2-rs12708369 showed strong replication in children (p = 0.0002), with replication unavailable in adults due to low imputation quality. This intronic variant is in a strong transcriptional enhancer element in lung fibroblasts, but its eQTL effects could not be tested due to low imputation quality in the eQTL dataset. SERPINE2-rs6754561 replicated at nominal level in both adults (p = 0.036) and children (p = 0.045), while WNT16-rs2707469 replicated at nominal level only in adults (p = 0.026). The eQTL analyses showed association of WNT16-rs2707469 with expression levels of the nearby gene CPED1.We found no statistically significant eQTL effects for SERPINE2-rs6754561. Conclusions We have identified a new gene, NCOR2, in the retinoic acid signalling pathway pointing to a role of Vitamin A metabolism in the regulation of FVC. Our findings also support SERPINE2, a COPD gene with weak previous evidence of association with FVC, and suggest WNT16 as a further promising candidate
