186 research outputs found
Epidemiological studies on mental health in Tehran - Iran
No full textSince 1979 Iranians have experienced a variety of events that reasonably will have lasting effects on their mental health. In 1979 the Islamic Revolution took place and in 1980 eight years of Iraq-Iran war started. In recent years there has developed conflicts between Iran and the International society because of the Iranian activities in developing nuclear energy. To these can be added the social and religious limitations on the behavior of people. These limitations are experienced especially strong in the life of adolescents and young people. This thesis covers four different aspects of the mental health of Iranians. General health questionnaire (GHQ-12) was utilized to investigate the mental health of 4599 Iranian 3rd grade high school students (aged 17-18 years). The GHQ cut off was taken 7 or more. A considerable proportion of the students were at risk of suffering from mental health problems (29.5 %), girls more than boys. Periodic mental health surveys in high schools are proposed to identify students at risk and activities to improve their coping skills and problem-solving abilities. To study the methods of poisoning used for deliberate self harm, 2039 medical records in Loghman Hospital in Tehran were reviewed (52.3 % were females). Loghman Hospital is a specialized hospital for intoxication cases. In both genders the greatest proportions of individuals were in the ages 20-29. Drugs, pesticides and other agricultural chemicals were the most commonly used methods in each age group regardless of gender. Females outnumbered males especially in the youngest age group of 10 to 19 years of age. In a cross sectional study of 214 subjects from Tehran the Attitude Towards Suicide (ATTS) instrument was translated and validated in Farsi language. The coefficient alpha for all sections was more than 0.70 except for the Attitude section which was 0.68. Ten latent factors were extracted from the attitude section accounting for 61 % of the variance in the data. It is concluded that the instrument can be used to study suicide ideation and attempts in Iranian populations, but new items with special attention to Iranian cultural characteristics should be added to the attitude section. To make a cross cultural comparison of personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) samples of 300 Germans, 300 Swedes and 316 Iranian subjects were studied. The factorial structural analysis using procrustes rotation method showed the structure of personality to be generally rather equivalent across cultures. It is apparent, however, that there are cultural differences between the Iranian and the European subjects mainly concerning character dimensions. These results support the theoretical assumptions that character development is mainly determined by socio-cultural factors during the socialization process. Based on our studies on independent samples in Iran a significant number of people are at risk of various mental health problems. A considerable number of young and adults are at risk of attempting self harm and suicide. Because of many limitations on specific topics of research in Iran including self harm and suicide we cannot present a realistic picture of this phenomenon in our society. There are different sources of tension in adolescent's life in Iran including familial and social sources. They are ever increasing in nature and in number. Besides these domestic sources of inconvenience our people is living in a kind of cold war situation which increases tension over life of all people
خودکارآمدي پرستاران در مقابله با حوادث و بلايا در بيمارستان دکتر مسيح دانشوري شهر تهران، سال 1398
No full textBackground and Objectives: Our world is affected every day by events that could turn into crises. Hospitals and health center staff are directly affected by these crises. Since nurses provide the most health services in hospitals in case of accidents and disasters, this study was conducted to determine the self-efficacy of nurses in dealing with emergencies in the Masih Daneshvari Hospital.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. The standard questionnaire was collected based on Bandura’s social cognitive model to assess the self-efficacy of nurses in the face of unexpected events. The questionnaire had 46 questions with a Likert scale of 1 to 5 (not at all, little, somewhat, good, and quite good). Which was divided into 6 areas of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, crisis communication skills, management and distribution of resources and manpower, management of the injured, and corpses, clinical care skills in crisis and general skills? The validity and reliability of the questionnaire have already been done. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by the content validity method and its coefficient was 92% and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by retest method in a group of ten nurses and Cronbach's alpha (internal correlation coefficient) was equal to 82%. Data analysis was performed using SPSS22 software.
Result: Of the 252 participants in the study, 70% were women. Most age groups were 20 to 29 years old. 25.6% of people had a history of accidents, and 56.4% had previous training in disasters. The highest score obtained from nurses' self-efficacy in general skills was 68.5%, and the lowest score related to clinical care skills in crisis was 54.4%.
Conclusion: Since raising the awareness of nurses in health centers is very important for managing accidents and disasters that occur unexpectedly, it seems necessary to expand the knowledge and practice of this group. Dealing better with the possible future accidents requires for the nurses to be empowered. This study could identify the topics for empowering nurses in emergencies.
How to cite this article:
Tajbakhsh M, Emami H, Varahram M, Bahrambigi F, Ghazanchaei E. Self-Efficacy of the Nurses in Encountering Disasters in the Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, 2019. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2020; 8(3):191 -8. سابقه و هدف: دنياي ما هرروز تحت تاثير حوادثي است که عموما به بلايا تبديل مي شوند. بيمارستان ها و کارکنان مراکز بهداشتي درماني مستقيما تحت تاثير اين بحران ها قرار مي گيرند. از آنجا که پرستاران بيشترين خدمات بهداشتي و درماني را در بيمارستان ها در مواقع حوادث و بلايا ارائه مي دهند، اين پژوهش با هدف تعيين خودکارآمدي پرستاران در مقابله با حوادث غيرمترقبه در بيمارستان مسيح دانشوري انجام گرديد.
روش بررسي: اين بررسي يک مطالعه توصيفي و از نظر زماني، مقطعي بود. ابزار جمع آوري پرسشنامه استاندارد بر اساس الگوي شناختي اجتماعي بندورا جهت بررسي خودکارآمدي پرستاران در مواجهه با حوادث غيرمترقبه بود. پرسشنامه داراي 46 سوال با مقياس ليکرت 1 تا 5 (اصلا، کمي، تاحدودي، خوب و کاملا خوب) بود. که در 6 حيطه احياي قلبي ريوي، مهارت هاي ارتباطي در بحران، مديريت و توزيع منابع و نيروي انساني، مديريت مجروحان و اجساد، مهارت هاي مراقبت هاي باليني در بحران و مهارت هاي عمومي تقسيم بندي گرديد. اعتبار پرسشنامه به روش اعتبار محتوا تعيين شده و ضريب آن 92% بود و پايايي پرسشنامه نيز با روش آزمون مجدد در يک گروه ده نفر پرستاران محاسبه شده و آلفاي کرونباخ ( ضريب همبستگي دروني) معادل 82 % بود. تجزيه و تحليل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS22 انجام گرفت.
نتايج: از 252 نفر شرکت کننده در مطالعه 70 درصد زن بودند. بيشترين رده سني 20 تا 29 سال بود. 25.6 درصد افراد سابقه حضور در حوادث و بلايا را داشتند و 56.4 درصد آموزش قبلي در زمينه حوادث و بلايا گذرانده بودند. بيشترين نمره به دست آمده از خودکارآمدي پرستاران در زمينه مهارت هاي عمومي 68.5 درصد بود و کمترين نمره مربوط به مهارت هاي مراقبت باليني در بحران 54.4 درصد بود.
نتيجه گيري: از آنجا که ارتقاي آگاهي پرستاران در مراکز بهداشتي درماني جهت مديريت حوادث و بلايايي که به صورت غيرمترقبه اتفاق مي افتد بسيار مهم است، گسترش دانش و عملکرد اين گروه ضروري به نظر مي رسد. لذا براي مقابله با حوادث احتمالي آينده، نياز به توان افزايي پرستاران مي باشد. اين بررسي مي تواند سرفصل هاي مورد نياز در توان افزايي پرستاران را در حوادث غيرمترقبه مشخص نمايد.
How to cite this article:
Tajbakhsh M, Emami H, Varahram M, Bahrambigi F, Ghazanchaei E. Self-Efficacy of the Nurses in Encountering Disasters in the Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, 2019. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2020; 8(3):191 -8. 
Epidemiological studies on mental health in Tehran - Iran [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textSince 1979 Iranians have experienced a variety of events that reasonably will have lasting effects on their mental health. In 1979 the Islamic Revolution took place and in 1980 eight years of Iraq-Iran war started. In recent years there has developed conflicts between Iran and the International society because of the Iranian activities in developing nuclear energy. To these can be added the social and religious limitations on the behavior of people. These limitations are experienced especially strong in the life of adolescents and young people. This thesis covers four different aspects of the mental health of Iranians. General health questionnaire (GHQ-12) was utilized to investigate the mental health of 4599 Iranian 3rd grade high school students (aged 17-18 years). The GHQ cut off was taken 7 or more. A considerable proportion of the students were at risk of suffering from mental health problems (29.5 %), girls more than boys. Periodic mental health surveys in high schools are proposed to identify students at risk and activities to improve their coping skills and problem-solving abilities. To study the methods of poisoning used for deliberate self harm, 2039 medical records in Loghman Hospital in Tehran were reviewed (52.3 % were females). Loghman Hospital is a specialized hospital for intoxication cases. In both genders the greatest proportions of individuals were in the ages 20-29. Drugs, pesticides and other agricultural chemicals were the most commonly used methods in each age group regardless of gender. Females outnumbered males especially in the youngest age group of 10 to 19 years of age. In a cross sectional study of 214 subjects from Tehran the Attitude Towards Suicide (ATTS) instrument was translated and validated in Farsi language. The coefficient alpha for all sections was more than 0.70 except for the Attitude section which was 0.68. Ten latent factors were extracted from the attitude section accounting for 61 % of the variance in the data. It is concluded that the instrument can be used to study suicide ideation and attempts in Iranian populations, but new items with special attention to Iranian cultural characteristics should be added to the attitude section. To make a cross cultural comparison of personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) samples of 300 Germans, 300 Swedes and 316 Iranian subjects were studied. The factorial structural analysis using procrustes rotation method showed the structure of personality to be generally rather equivalent across cultures. It is apparent, however, that there are cultural differences between the Iranian and the European subjects mainly concerning character dimensions. These results support the theoretical assumptions that character development is mainly determined by socio-cultural factors during the socialization process. Based on our studies on independent samples in Iran a significant number of people are at risk of various mental health problems. A considerable number of young and adults are at risk of attempting self harm and suicide. Because of many limitations on specific topics of research in Iran including self harm and suicide we cannot present a realistic picture of this phenomenon in our society. There are different sources of tension in adolescent's life in Iran including familial and social sources. They are ever increasing in nature and in number. Besides these domestic sources of inconvenience our people is living in a kind of cold war situation which increases tension over life of all people.</p
Iranian Mathematical Society A family of large set of size nine A FAMILY OF LARGE SET OF SIZE NINE
No full textAbstract. We investigate the existence of some large sets of size nine. The large set L
Persian school 2014
No full textTo design a contemporary Persian school in which the essence of the traditional Persian Architecture is constructed, in combination with integrating new pedagogic ideas.Explore LabArchitectureArchitecture and The Built Environmen
Marriage and divorce law in Pre-Islamic Persia. Legal status of the Sassanid’ woman (224–651 AD)
No full textFormore than 400 years, the Sassanid Persia was the greatest state in Asia.
Zoroastrianism supported by Shahanshahs had an immense influence on the legal
principles of the state. The Sassanian society was Patriarchy, based on the society’s
gender construction. Because the patriarchal constructions of social practices were
legitimized by religion, the basic limitation of the women’s rights in the Sassanian
period was the obligation to have the male guardian. Below considerations regard the
problem of the civil rights of Sassanian women, based on analysis of the legal status of
women in marital unions. In 2018, in the journal Cogent Arts & Humanities 5, 1, an
article by Mahmoud Emami Namin “Legal status of women in the Sassanid’s Era
(224–651 AD)” was published. In his paper, Dr. Mahmoud Emami Namin, arguments
against two theses presented by the researchers studying the Sassanian history. The
first thesis is related to the assumption that women lacked a legal entity, and, consequently,
could not make use of her rights. The second thesis, challenged by the author
is related to the “opinions about the prevalence of incestuous marriage (next-of-kin
marriage) and loan marriage (wife lending) among the Sassanids”. The author challenges
the arguments regarding the position of the Sassanian women presented by
two distinguished orientalists Christian Bartholomae and Arthur Christensen.
Obviously, he is right. However, it is necessary to note that the picture of Persia depicted
by the above-mentioned researchers was questioned bymodern historians a few years
ago. Theses made by Professor Christian Bartholomae, presented in German University
of Heidelberg, in 1924 (the woman’s rights in the Sassanid’ Empire), related to the lack
of legal status of women in pre-Islamic period, which Dr. Mahmoud Emami Namin polemizes with, were refuted by the research conducted by the expert on Sassanid law
Professor Maria Macuch (see in References). The second problem, Dr. Mahmoud Emami
Namin focusses on, is “the authorization of incest”,which was discussed by Christensen
and Bartholomae. This part of the paper is much more interesting and presents interesting
conclusions. One must agree with Dr. Mahmoud Emami Namin in that the
“incest” was a common practice among Zoroastrians in the Sassanid’s period, andwas
never deemed “weird and offensive”. The paper lacks the analysis related to factors
contributing to the negative picture of Persia in scientific literature written in the
previous century. It seems to have predominantly resulted from cultural differences.
Orientalists studying the history of the Sassanids were from the “western culture”.
Therefore, they did not understand the mentality of the society governed by
Zoroastrian principles, which reflected their descriptions of the pre-Islamic Persia. Their
ethical assessment and interpretation of sources were determined by the system of
values, in which they had been brought up. It should be noted that the manuscript
contains extremely interesting passages in the manuscript related to the legal aspects
of different types of marriages, financial conditions or children’s rights. In the manuscript,
the author presents a slightly different division of marriages that the one
proposed by Dr. MahmoudEmami Namin. It seems that the principal assumptionmade
by the author: “Throughout this paper, the baseless writings of orientalists about the
rights of the Sassanid’s women are critically examined” may be described as preaching
to the converted
Textual criticism of Emadi Shahriari Divan
No full textAbstract The correction of the documented heritage, is a necessity in research which must be fulfilled, based on a scientific methodology, understanding of the standards of correction and critical view to the text. It is only through this procedure to do the initial correction of a text or recognize the text correction flaws and attempt to proofread and re-correct the text for a second time. In this article, it is attempted to conduct a critical study over"Emadi Shahryari" epistle(Divan)and to express briefly its flaws in five categories, alongside the flaws which has misguided the reviser. The Introduction and categorization of these flaws can lead to preventing them from being repeated and assist the other revisers not to have similar flaws. The authors have categorized the flaws under fifteen general titles, for each evidences have been delivered from "Emadi's" Divan refined by "Zabi-al-la Habib
Temperament and Character in Cross-Cultural Comparisons between Swedish and Iranian People and Iranian Refugees in Sweden – Personality in Transition?
No full textThe aim of the study was a cross-cultural comparison of personality traits between individuals from two very different cultures and refugees who resettled several years before from one to the other. Four hundred forty four Swedish individuals of the normal population; and 100 Iranian refugees in Sweden, and a group of 335 individuals from Tehran, capital of Iran, were investigated by means of the Temperament and Character Inventory, a questionnaire to assess temperament and character. Iranians are those that are most frequently correctly classified followed by the Swedish based on temperament scores by means of a Discriminance analyses. Iranian refugees in Sweden were classified to about 50 per cent as Swedish and to slightly more then one-third as Iranians. Especially concerning character, 4 per cent only could be correctly classified as refugees. The results give some perspective on the adaptation process and personality changes in refugees several years after resettlement in another country with a complete different culture
Comparison of endoscopy and CT scan in diagnosing chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps
No full textBackground: Definite diagnosis of Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is challenging mostly because of overlapping symptoms with other disorders. Nowadays it is mostly dependent on cross sectional imaging. When considering the prevalence and cost burden of CRS, reducing the frequency of cross sectional imaging by replacing it with endoscopic evaluation could be a cost effective way if the endoscopic examination proved to be a suitable substitution.
Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the endoscopy with CT scan- as gold standard method- in diagnosis of CRS without polyp and to find out how well the results of the two correlate with each other.
Methods:
Adult patients with symptom criteria compatible with EPOS 2020 entered the study. They were evaluated endoscopically, and then scored by Lund Mackay CT score. Cases with obvious polyps seen on rhinoscopy or endoscopic evaluation were not entered the study.
Results:
A total of 49 patients entered the study. Comparing endoscopic findings with CT scan showed the sensitivity of 69.70% and specificity of 50%. Cohen Kappa statistics of 0.191 was obtained. Positive and negative predictive value was 74.19% and 44.44% respectively. Of note, all 8 patients with Kennedy score of 4 showed positive CT results, and, all 4 cases with isolated sinusitis had negative endoscopic results. Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.63, which showed a significant positive correlation between Lund Kennedy and Lund Mackay scores. (p<0.05)
Conclusion:
Our observations lead us to a possible need for revision in presented endoscopic criteria to increase the diagnostic power of endoscopy in chronic rhinosinusitis sine nasal polyposis
UWB communication systems: conventional and 60 GHz : principles, design and standards
No full textIn this book the author examines 60 GHz and conventional UWB. The book introduces the fundamentals, architectures, and applications of unified ultra wideband devices. The material includes both theory and practice and introduces ultra wideband communication systems and their applications in a systematic manner. The material is written to enable readers to design, analyze, and evaluate UWB communication systems.
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