13 research outputs found
PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI DAN RASIO MOL ASAM LINOLEAT DENGAN ISOPROPANOL PADA SINTESA PLASTISIZER ISOPROPIL LINOLEAT
No full textDiversity of palm oil product in Indonesia is still limited, therefore it is needed to take an advantage of the development of downstream product of crude palm oil by esterification reaction. Esterification reaction is a reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol to form ester. One of the emerging downstream product fatty acid alkyl ester is plasticizer. Plasticizer is an additive compound added to polymer to improve flexibility and workability. The purpose of this research was conducted to study the effect of reaction time and mole ratio and identify product of plasticizers isopropyl linoleic. In this research, plasticizer was synthesized by esterification of linoleic acid and isopropanol, using activated natural zeolite catalyst. The process was done with a variation of reaction time (4, 6, and 8 hours) and mole ratio (1: 6, 1: 9, and 1:12), with reaction temperature at 80 °C, stirring speed at 200 rpm and 15% of composition of linoleic acid based catalyst as fixed variables. From the analysis of the results showed that the esterification reaction time and mole ratio affect the product conversion. The best operating condition obtained in this research was 4 hours of reaction time and 1:12 of mole ratio which resulted the conversion of reaction was 67.09%. Characteristics of plasticizer produced from this research were viscosity (at 20 °C) 2.405 to 2.803 mPa.s and Specific Gravity (at 20 °C) from 0.863 to 0.872.</jats:p
POTENCY OF PICUNG (Pangium edule Reinw) ENDOSPERM UTILIZED AS A RAW MATERIAL IN PRODUCINGFRYING OIL OR BIODIESEL
No full textThis research aimed to know Picung/ Pangi (Pangium Edule Reinw) plant's potencies as raw material for frying oil and biodiesel alternative so that it can be used as extensive as palm and coconut oil. As this picung/pangi plants are widely consumed by Indonesian people, this plant is an interesting subject to be researched and studied on. The result of this research will be a great reference in increasing the utilization of Pangi Plant. The research method that is being used in this research for frying oil production is extraction using petroleum eter in laboratory scale and the yield then analyzed. The results presented shown that the density: 0.918 g/ml; water content: 0.0253%; free fatty acid (FFA) content: 2.53%; fat content: 51.468%; acid number: 0.33 mg KOH/g; Iodine number: 29.31 g Iod/100 g Oil; peroxide number: 4.124 meq/kg; and oil's color depends on the process used. The oil produced was then used for making biodiesel, which consist of two-step processes, esterification and transesterification. The result of this research shown that characteristics of biodiesel produced as follow: density: 0.888 g/ml; viscosity: 0.0006 g/cms; water content: 0.024%; free fatty acid (FFA) 0.3557%; Iodine number: 29.31 g Iod / 100 g Oil; scap number: 188.23 mg KOH/g; acid number 0.33 mg KOH/g; and Cetane number was 68.7. It is concluded that Picung/Pangi oil can be used as frying oil and biodiesel as an alternative fuel
Pengaruh Waktu Reaksi dan Rasio Mol Asam Oleat dengan Isopropanol pada Sintesa Plastisizer Isopropil Oleat
No full textDiversity of palm oil product in Indonesia is still limited, therefore it is needed to take an advantage of the development of downstream product of crude palm oil by esterification reaction. Esterification reaction is a reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol to form ester. One of the emerging downstream product fatty acid alkyl ester is plasticizer. Plasticizer is an additive compound added to polymer to improve flexibility and workability. In this study, plasticizer was synthesized by esterification of oleic acid and isopropanol, using activated natural zeolite catalyst. The process was done with a variation of reaction time (4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours) and mole ratio (1: 6, 1: 9, and 1:12), with reaction temperature at 80 oC, stirring speed at 200 rpm and 15% of composition of oleic acid based catalyst as fixed variables. From the analysis of the results showed that the esterification reaction time and mole ratio affect the product conversion. The best operating condition obtained in this research was 4 hours of reaction time and 1:12 of mole ratio which resulted the conversion of reaction was 67.09%. Characteristics of plasticizer produced from this research were viscosity (at 20 oC) 2.405 to 2.803 mPa.s and Specific Gravity (at 20 oC) from 0.863 to 0.872
Pengaruh Kadar Filler Mikrokristalin Selulosa dan Plasticizer Gliserol terhadap Sifat dan Morfologi Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Sagu
No full textBioplastic is one of alternative solution to change comercial plastic that can be dangerous to environment. Bioplastic can make degradation become easier. One of potential raw materialis sago because it has a highest starch component. The general aims of this research are the study of impact Microcrystalline cellulose filler and plasticizer glycerol to mechanicalproperties and morphology of bioplastic. The synthesis method is casting of starch, water, filler and plasticizer with composisition of filler is (4-12 % b/b), composisition of plasticizer (10–22 % b/b), and composisition of water (100-150 ml). The analysis of bioplastic is tensile strenght, elongation, modulus young, hidrophobicity (water uptake), biodegradation, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and design expert v.10.0.1 trial version. The most react variable is the composition of filler, followed by plastcizer glycerol and water ratio. The best process condition is bioplastic with composisition filler 12 %b/b, plasticizer 10 % b/b, andwater compotition 100 ml with the value is tensile strenght 14,21 Mpa, elongation 36,91%, water uptake 36,91%, and biodegradation 34,43%. Micrograf analysis shows that fillerdistribution is not equally on sago starch matrices and stil has a clod
Variasi Ukuran Partikel Sorgum pada Konversi Pati Sorgum Menjadi Bioetanol dengan Proses Sakarifikasi dan Fermentasi Serentak
No full textSorghum is a resource of grain yield 55-75% starch composition similar to corn, which is potentially as raw material for production of bioethanol. Research based sorghum bioethanol manufacture carried out using enzymes stargenTM 002 and starch raw materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of substrate and the best time of fermentation to produce bioethanol. The research method consists of hydrolysis and saccharification processes are aided by enzymes stargenTM 002 followed by a fermentation process using yeast Saccharomyces cereviceae, ferment at room temperature, pH 4.5, enzymes stargenTM 002 concentration 2.5% and evaporated at a temperature 1000C. substrate concentration used was 40 g/, variable particle size used was 20-40 mesh, 40-60 mesh and 60-80 mesh and time of fermentation pada 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66 and 72 hours. The result indicate that the particle size at 60-80 mesh and the optimum time is 48 hours can produce the highest bioethanol concentration of 1.04% (v/v)
Pengaruh Komposisi Katalis H-Zeolit dan Kecepatan Pengadukan pada Sintesa Plastisizer Butil Oleat
No full textOil palm commodity has a strategic role in the national economy. In the development of the palm oil industry, the necessary diversification of oil palm products needed by using the esterification reaction. One of the products of the oil palm which on development now is a fatty acid alkyl esters. Products that include the type of fatty acid alkyl ester is plasticizer. In this study, the plasticizer is synthesized by esterification of oleic acid and butanol, using activated natural zeolite catalysts. This research aims to study the influence of H-Zeolite catalyst composition and stirring speed on synthesis plasticizer butyl oleate, and determining the characteristics of the plasticizer butyl oleate which generated through analysis of test products. The process is using the variation of H-Zeolite catalyst composition (12.5%, 15%, 17.5%) based on oleic acid and stirring speed (175 rpm, 200 rpm, 225 rpm), with a fixed variable, the reaction temperature of 1100 C, the process time is 6 hours and the reaction molar ratio of 1: 9. From the analysis of the results showed that the esterification of H-Zeolite catalyst composition and stirring speed affects the conversion of the resulting products. The best operating conditions obtained in this study is the H-Zeolite catalyst composition of 17.5% and a stirring speed of 200 rpm which produces a reaction conversion of 74.50%. Characteristics plasticizer generated in this study is consistent with the characteristics of commercial plasticizers which Viscosity (200 C) 8.62 to 9.07 mPa.s and Specific Gravity (200 C) from 0.886 to 0.901
Pengaruh Kadar Filler Kitosan dan Plasticizer Gliserol terhadap Sifat dan Morfologi Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Sagu
No full textBioplastic can be made from renewable materials like starch. Properties of sago starch based bioplastic is to be improved by addition of filler and plasticizer. The aim of this research is to know the effect of addition of chitosan filler and glycerol plasticizer to the properties of tensile strength, elongation at break, water absorption and biodegradation from sago starch. In this research with casting method of making bioplastic with starch 10 gr. Furthermore, variations of chitosan filler (2, 3 and 4%w/w), glycerol (3, 4 and 5 ml) and varieties of starch heating temperature (75, 80 and 85C). The bioplastics were characterized by tensile strength, elongation, water uptake, biodegradation, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and analyzed by using Design Expert v10.0.1. The most significant factor for all responses was the composition of chitosan filler followed by glycerol and temperature. On the best process conditions (chitosan filler 4.68% w/w at 80°C with 4 ml glycerol) was obtained the best response value for tensile strength 9.96 MPa, elongation 17.89%, water absorption 10.95% and biodegradation 40.02%
Pengaruh Kadar Filler ZnO, Plasticizer Gliserol dan Nisbah Air terhadap Sifat dan Morfologi Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Sagu
No full textThe need of plastic as plastic bags, food or goods packaging progressively increasing. Bioplastics is one alternative to conventional plastics that are harmful to the environment.one of the ingredients that can be used as bioplastics is starch, but starch-based bioplastics are still lacking at the mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to determine thecharacteristics of sago starch, determine the effect of water ratio, the composition of the ZnO filler and plasticizer glycerol on mechanical properties and morphology of bioplastics. Sagostarch was tested for the composition of amylose and amylopectin, while the bioplastics is tested for mechanical properties such as tensile strength (tensile strenght), elongation, wateruptake, biodegradation, and dispersion of the filler through SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) , Significance levelused in this study is 0.05 so that the most significant variables can be determined from pvalue value of 0.05, which indicates that the model according to theresearch results. The factors that most significantly influence all responses are ZnO filler composition and followed by the plasticizer and water ratio. Best results are obtained on thecomposition of 15% filler, plasticizer 10% and the ratio of water 100 ml with a tensile strength of 15.484 MPa, elongation 2.691%, water uptake 28%, and 22.12% biodegradation
Sifat dan Morfologi Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Sagu dengan Penambahan Filler Clay dan Plasticizer Gliserol
No full textBioplastic is one of alternative to relpace comercial plastic that can be harmful to environment. Bioplastic is made to make degradation become easier. One of potential raw material is sago because it has a highest starch component. The aims of this research are the study of impact clay as filler and glycerol as plasticizer to mechanical properties (tensile strenght, elongation, modulus young), hidrophobicity (water uptake), biodegradation and morphology. The synthesis method is solution intercalation of starch, water, filler and plasticizer with variation of filler are 3 (%w/w), 6 (%w/w), 9 (%w/w), 12 (%w/w) and glycerol are 10 (%w/w), 14 (%w/w), 18 (%w/w), 22 (%w/w). The analysis show that filler clay and glycerol give an impact to mechanical properties of bioplastic. the best mechanical properties is on bioplastic with composition 3 % filler and 14 % glycerol with tensile strenght 2.891 Mpa, % elongation 30.99 %, modulus young 9.39 Mpa. The highest hidrophobicity of bioplastic is 85.71% and residual persentation is between 67.39 % to 81.25 % in 8 day. Micrograf analysis shows that filler distribution is not be spread evenly on sago starch matrices
Pengaruh Waktu Ageing dan Kecepatan Pengadukan pada Sintesis Hidroksiapatit dari Cangkang Telur dengan Metode Presipitasi
No full textHydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the calcium phosphate compounds are used as biomaterials because of the ceramic material which has a stable properties. The purpose of this study is to study the effect of ageing time and stirring rate of the HAp obtained. HAp from eggshells has been successfully synthesis using precipitation method with variation of ageing time and stirring rate. Eggshells were calcined at 1000 oC for 5 hours to produce calcium oxide (CaO). CaO was dissolved into nitric acid (HNO3) to obtain (Ca(NO3)2), and then mixed slowly into a diamonium hydrogen phosphate solution which was already dissolved into aquabidest. After mixing process is complete, the solution was settling with the variation of ageing time 0 hour, 12 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours and the best condition continued in the second variation of the stirring rate 200 rpm, 250 rpm, 350 rpm and 400 rpm. HAp produced at the ageing time 12 hours is the optimum condition. Bonds of PO43- and OH- shown HAp compounds, also it contained tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) compounds. Morphology of HAp particles had a granular form with a increasing particle size of HAp with the ageing time in the range 60-48 nm, whereas the faster rate of stirring had been produced the particle in the range 47-44 nm
