1,720,960 research outputs found
A methodology for assessing the regional economy and transportation impact of introducing longer and heavier vehicles: application to the road network of Spain
No full textLonger and Heavier Vehicles (LHVs) could enhance the competitiveness of countries due to savings in transportation costs. However, the impact that this measure might have on the regional economic and on the transportation network remains unknown, since there is no methodology available to assess it. In this paper, we develop a new methodology based on a Random Utility-Based Multiregional Input–output Model and a road transport network model to assess the impact of allowing LHVs. We applied it to the case of Spain, and we found that allowing LHVs would produce both direct and indirect effects. Real GDP and employment are expected to grow in all the regions, but some of them —the most competitive, most peripheral, and most transport-intensive— will benefit much more than other regions. We also found that the measure would lead to a reduction of vehicles in the network and a reduction of emissions too. The approach designed in this paper provides broad guidance to national governments and other transport-related parties to quantify the impacts of transport policies such as thi
Price elasticity of demand in high-speed rail lines of Spain: impact of new pricing scheme
Full text linkReduced travel time, regional cohesion, economic development and environmental benefits were some of the reasons given to develop the High Speed network in Spain, the largest in Europe. Ever since the opening of the first High Speed line in 1992, High Speed Rail (HSR) have become a new travelling experience despite the fact that in the recent years several voices have raised concerns over a lack of demand and low occupancy rates for HS trains compared to other countries. In February 2013, RENFE implemented a new pricing scheme which reduced ticket prices by at least 11%, and introduced flexibility in their purchase in order to boost the usage of HSR. In this research, the effects of the new scheme are analyzed and the impact on the shift in the modes of transport is underpinned by considering a discrete choice model. As a consequence of this policy, occupancy rates have been hugely increased but several other findings arise from the research. Although apparently ticket price is not regarded by users as the main factor to travel by HS trains, the price elasticity of demand turns out to be high. Depending on the transport modes competing with HS the effects are quite different. For short routes connecting small and medium-size cities with big metropolitan areas the growth of demand is achieved at the expense of car and bus, whereas for long routes connecting large cities where air transport is available the growth is made mainly at the expense of air transportation, and induced demand is also triggered. Finally, when the owner of the infrastructure and the Train Operating Companies (TOC’s) are both managed by the government, the rail infrastructure fee policy set may prompt unfair competition with other modes such as the bus or the plane
Are longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs) beneficial for society? A cost benefit analysis to evaluate their potential implementation in Spain
Full text linkIn this paper we carry out a thorough review of the current research related to the benefits and costs arising from the implementation of longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs). From this review we concluded that despite the many studies available, little has been said about the sensitivity of the benefits and costs to the ultimate performance of the key variables related to the evolution of the economy, road transport performance, safety, and so on. In order to fill this gap, we have designed a sensitivity approach based on a cost benefit analysis tool to determine which variables demonstrate the greatest influence on the benefits and costs stemming from the implementation of LHVs. In order to test the methodology, we have used it in an analysis of the Spanish trunk network. The results show that the benefits of LHVs for society are significant. Even in the least favorable scenario, the economic benefits are greater than €3500 million over 15 years, and the environment enhanced as well, for CO2 emissions are reduced by 2 Million tonnes. Overall we noted how the results are not very sensitive to the evolution of key variables in determining the final outcome. However, we found that the variables that have the greatest affect on the final benefit, such as traffic growth and social discount rate, depend basically on the performance of the overall economy. Moreover, the private cost for haulers seems to be more important in determining the final benefit than externality cost
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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