1,720,977 research outputs found
Cultural norms and financial incentives: A model of how to fund universities
Full text linkThis paper derives the optimal compensation contract when two asymmetrically verifiable tasks are tied together, a cultural norm of behavior coexists with a financial incentive, and public funding is also a concern. To formulate ideas, we restrict the attention to higher education. The model generates at least three results: First, the monetary incentive for research crowds out the social teaching norm, i.e., peer pressure. Second, increased intrinsic motivation in teaching induces a social multiplier effect on the teaching effort. Third, the government underfunds the university if the teaching standard is lower than that of the government to implement its standard
Gjennomgang av tidligere LÆRERMOD-framskrivinger
Full text linkSiden 1998, da modellen LÆRERMOD ble etablert, har Statistisk sentralbyrå (SSB) regelmessig publisert framskrivinger av tilbud og etterspørsel for ulike typer lærere. I dette notatet går vi gjennom tallgrunnlaget og resultatene i de tidligere beregningene. I tillegg sammenstiller vi tidligere framskrivinger med statistikk for årene som sammenfaller med tidligere framskrivingsperioder.KunnskapsdepartementetpublishedVersio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Should Economists Listen to Educational Psychologists? : Some Economics of Student Motivation
Full text linkThis paper sheds light on the role of student motivation in the success of schooling. We develop a model in which a teacher engages in the management of student motivation through the choice of the classroom environment. We show that the teacher is able to motivate high-ability students, at least in the short run, by designing a competitive environment. For students with low ability, risk aversion, or when engaged in a long-term relationship, the teacher designs a classroom environment that is more focused on mastery and self-referenced standards. In doing so, the teacher helps to develop the intrinsic motivation of students and their capacity to overcome failures
Should Economists Listen to Educational Psychologists? : Some Economics of Student Motivation
Full text linkThis paper sheds light on the role of student motivation in the success of schooling. We develop a model in which a teacher engages in the management of student motivation through the choice of the classroom environment. We show that the teacher is able to motivate high-ability students, at least in the short run, by designing a competitive environment. For students with low ability, risk aversion, or when engaged in a long-term relationship, the teacher designs a classroom environment that is more focused on mastery and self-referenced standards. In doing so, the teacher helps to develop the intrinsic motivation of students and their capacity to overcome failures.Education; Student Achievement; Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation; Effort; Goal Theory.
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
LÆRERMOD: Forutsetninger og likninger
Full text linkDette notatet omtaler forutsetninger og likninger i framskrivningsmodellen LÆRERMOD. LÆRERMOD framskriver tilbud av og etterspørsel etter fem typer lærere: Barnehagelærere, grunnskolelærere, faglærere og andre lærere, samt lærere med praktisk-pedagogisk utdanning (PPU) innenfor allmennfag (PPU-A) og yrkesfag (PPU-Y).
Lærere utgjør kjernen blant ansatte i barnehager og skoler, og kvaliteten på de ansatte er en viktig faktor for barns og elevers læring. Videre utgjør lærere den største andelen av utgifter til barnehager og skoler, og deres arbeidsmarked er av betydelig størrelse i de fleste land.
Effektiviteten i utdanningssystemet avhenger i stor grad av muligheten til å forbedre kvaliteten på de som jobber som lærere. Et viktig premiss for kvaliteten i barnehager og skoler er å ha nok individer med lærerutdanning.
LÆRERMOD er en framskrivningsmodell som beregner om vi i fremtiden kommer til å ha nok utdannende lærere på nasjonalt nivå. Framtidig tilbud og etterspørsel er i modellen beregnet separat for fem typer lærere: Barnehagelærere, grunnskolelærere, faglærere og andre lærere, samt lærere med praktisk-pedagogisk utdanning (PPU) innenfor allmennfag (PPU-A) og yrkesfag (PPU-Y).KunnskapsdepartementetpublishedVersio
LÆRERMOD 2016-2040 : Fremtidig tilbud og etterspørsel for fem typer lærere
Full text linkI denne rapporten tar vi utgangspunkt i utdanning- og arbeidsmarkedsstatistikk fra 2017 og framskriver tilbud og etterspørsel separat for fem ulike lærerutdanninger basert på framskrivingsmodellen LÆRERMOD.
Vi tar utgangspunkt i utdanning- og arbeidsmarkedsstatistikk fra 2017 og framskriver tilbud og etterspørsel separat for fem ulike lærerutdanninger basert på framskrivings¬modellen LÆRERMOD. De lærerutdannede som inngår i modellen er:
Barnehagelærere
Grunnskolelærere
Faglærere og andre lærere (heriblant lektorer)
Lærere med praktisk-pedagogisk utdanning (PPU)
Lærere med praktisk-pedagogisk utdanning yrkesfag (PPU-Y)
Av disse fem lærergruppene er det er bare blant grunnskolelærere at vi framskriver et underskudd, dvs. høyere etterspørsel enn tilbud. Vi har en underdekning av grunnskolelærere i startåret for beregningene på rundt 1 000 årsverk. Dette underskuddet øker til rundt 3 000 årsverk i 2020, 4000 årsverk i 2030 og videre til rundt 6 700 årsverk i 2040
Teaching Practices and the Management of Student Motivation, Effort and Achievement
Full text linkStudent motivation is primordial for educational success. We develop a theoretical model in which a teacher manages student motivation through the choice of teaching practices. We show that only high-ability students can be motivated by extrinsically-oriented teaching practices. For low-ability or myopic students, intrinsically-oriented teaching practices are more effective in fostering student achievement. Furthermore, the choice of teaching practices depends on their relative costs, the teacher's objective function (utilitarian or Rawlsian), and the teacher's time preferences. We draw important policy implications regarding teacher effectiveness, the harmfulness of not tailoring teaching practices to student types, and how to limit student dropouts
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