1,721,011 research outputs found
Fruit tree crop models: an update
No full textFunctional structural plant models of tree crops are useful tools that were introduced more than two decades ago. They can represent the growth and development of a plant through the in silico simulation of the 3D architecture in connection with physiological processes. In tree crops, physiological processes such as photosynthesis, carbon allocation and growth are usually integrated into these models, although other functions such as water and nutrient uptake are often disregarded. The implementation of the 3D architecture involves different techniques such as L-system frameworks, pipe model concepts and Markovian models to simulate branching processes, bud fates and elongation of stems based on the production of metamers. The simulation of root architecture is still a challenge for researchers due to a limited amount of information and experimental issues in dealing with roots, because root development is not based on the production of metamers. This review aims to focus on functional–structural models of fruit tree crops, highlighting their physiological components. The potential and limits of these tools are reviewed to point out the topics that still need more attention
MODELLING THE ARCHITECTURE OF CORYLUS AVELLANA AND PARAMETRIZATION OF THE FUNCIONAL STRUCTURAL PLANT MODEL L-HAZELNUT
No full textI modelli funzionali-strutturali (FSPM) hanno la particolarità di unire due sotto modelli: uno riproducente l’architettura della pianta e l’altro la sua fisiologia in interazione con l’ambiente. Il nocciolo (Corylus avellana) è una pianta da frutto coltivata e apprezzata a livello globale per la qualità nutritiva dei suoi frutti. Due sperimenti sono stati programmati per investigare l’architettura di questa specie nella varietà “Tonda di Giffoni”. Il primo mirava a studiare la struttura dei germogli di un anno in tre diverse tesi: piante auto radicate di due età differenti (sei o 35 anni) e piante di sei anni innestate (su Corylus colurna). Il secondo esperimento ha analizzato le ramificazioni del nocciolo e la tipologia di gemme presenti su germogli di un anno in due anni consecutivi. Grazie a queste osservazioni e alle analisi esplorative è stato possibile disegnare un diagramma di flusso che consentisse la modellizzazione dei passaggi che contribuiscono alla costruzione dell’architettura dell’albero di nocciolo. Tre esperimenti sono stati studiati per indagare alcuni aspetti fisiologici di C. avellana. Il primo mirava a determinare l’effetto dell’accumulo dei carboidrati sulla fotosintesi; il secondo a comprendere come i cambiamenti di temperatura e del tasso di crescita relativo (RGR) avessero un impatto sulla respirazione di foglie, frutti e germogli; il terzo aveva l’obiettivo di studiare se ci fosse acclimatamento nelle foglie di nocciolo e quali potessero essere i fattori più significativi da includere in un modello della respirazione.Functional-structural plant models (FSPMs) have the peculiarity of coupling two different sub-models: one reproducing the architectural part of the tree or crop and the other simulating its physiology, in interaction with the environment. Hazelnut (Corylus avellana) is a tree nut crop that is widely cultivated and appreciated all over the world for its nutrient and edible fruits. Two experiments were settled to explore the architecture of C.avellana “Tonda di Giffoni”: The first one aimed to investigate one-year-old shoot structures, in three different treatments: own-rooted plants at two ages (either six or 35 years old) or grafted plants (on Corylus colurna seedlings) that were six years old. The second experiment aimed to analyse, over two successive years, hazelnut architectural development and bud fate pattern. From the base to the shoot tip, the number and fates of buds at each node were recorded. Based on direct observations and exploratory analyses that led to the definition of a flow diagram, we modelled the steps that lead to the construction of hazelnut tree architecture. Three experiments were settled to study some physiological processes of C.avellana: The first one aimed to determine the effect of carbohydrates in limiting photosynthesis; the second experiment aimed to investigate how changes in temperature and relative growth rate (RGR) impact dark respiration in leaves, stems and fruits of hazelnut. The third experiment aimed: 1) to notice if there was a variation in Rd that could be due to acclimation and/or organ growth; 2) which was the type of acclimation, and 3) which are the most significant factors to be included in a model of Rd
Effects of foliar application of glycine betaine and chitosan on Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. subjected to salt stress
Full text linkIntroduction:Using brackish water for irrigation may expose turfgrasses to salinity stress.Employing the best treatments to maintain high-quality turfs under saline conditions is animportant requirement for turfgrass management.Methods:We tested the response of ahalophyte grass,Puccinellia distans, to irrigation with saline solutions and to foliarapplication of two osmoprotectants, such as glycine betaine (GB) or chitosan (CH). Plantswere grown in pots under controlled conditions and irrigated with 200 mM or 600 mM ofNaCl solutions. The response to salinity treatments and osmoprotectant application wasevaluated after 90 days by measuring leaffiring, leaf density, shoot length and biomass, rootlength, and shoot water potential.Results:Increasing salinity reduced shoot density, shootand root length, shoot water potential, and increased leaffiring and shoot solute potential at200 mM of NaCl. These effects were more pronounced at 600 mM of NaCl. Application ofGB greatly increased shoot growth traits at 200 mM of NaCl and also showed beneficialeffects on most traits at 600 mM. Application of CH showed positive effects only on leaffiring and leaf water potential at 600 mM.Conclusions:Our results show thatP. distanscantolerate high levels of salt stress, which can be best alleviated by GB treatmen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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