1,720,959 research outputs found
Statsstøtte til foretak i vanskeligheter
Full text linkStatsstøtte til foretak i økonomiske vanskeligheter kan bidra til å binde arbeidskraft og kapital i foretak
som ikke er levedyktige på lang sikt. Formålet med denne rapporten er å undersøke betydningen av det
EU-rettslige forbudet mot å yte statsstøtte til «foretak i vanskeligheter» (FIV). Forbudet er ment å hindre
at statsstøtte bidrar til å opprettholde foretak som ikke er levedyktige på lang sikt. Det er imidlertid uklart
om kriteriene i forbudet er egnet til å skille mellom foretak som er i midlertidige vanskeligheter, men som
kan være produktive i framtiden, og foretak som ikke er levedyktige uten statsstøtte.
Denne rapporten dokumenterer omfanget og kjennetegnene til foretak i vanskeligheter, vurderer om
dagens kriterier er godt egnet til å identifisere foretak som er i vedvarende økonomiske vanskeligheter og
undersøker om forbudet fører til at tilskuddsmidler vris mot foretak som gir systematisk lavere gevinster
per krone i støtte.
Samlet sett viser resultatene i denne analysen at forbudet i stor grad forhindrer at foretak med lave
profittmarginer og lav sannsynlighet for overlevelse mottar støtte. Forbudet går imidlertid på bekostning
av en del foretak som er truffet av regelverket, men som kun er i midlertidige økonomiske vansker.
Dersom det er store gevinster ved å subsidiere foretak i midlertidige økonomiske vansker, kan forbudet
være kostbart fordi det vrir støtten vekk fra foretakene der den har størst effekt. Vi finner imidlertid ikke
tegn til at støtte til foretak i vanskeligheter gir større effekter per krone enn støtte til øvrige foretak for de
tilskuddsordningene vi undersøker
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
House Prices and Household Consumption
Full text linkNeither standard economic theory nor empirical studies provide an unequivocal answer to the question of the effect of changes in house prices on household consumption. Estimating this effect empirically is demanding because both house prices and consumption are influenced by a number of common factors that are difficult to measure. Norwegian studies of the relationship between house prices and consumption have until now been based on time series for the country as a whole. In this article, I investigate the relationship between house prices and consumption using empirical analysis based on Norwegian data at the county level. The results suggest that there is a significant positive correlation between developments in house prices and household consumption. The estimated effects are consistent with the results of more recent studies based on national data for Norway, but are slightly weaker than the results of similar research in other countries.publishedVersio
Boligpriser og husholdningenes konsum
Full text linkVerken standard økonomisk teori eller empiriske studier gir et entydig svar på hvilken betydning boligprisendringer har for husholdningenes forbruk. Empirisk er det krevende å anslå effekten fordi både boligpriser og konsum påvirkes av en rekke felles faktorer det er vanskelig å måle og kontrollere for. Norske studier av sammenhengen mellom boligpriser og konsum har til nå i hovedsak vært basert på tidsserier for hele landet. I dette memoet utforskes sammenhengen mellom boligpriser og konsum ved hjelp av en empirisk analyse på norske fylkesfordelte data. Resultatene tyder på at det er en signifikant positiv sammenheng mellom boligprisutviklingen og husholdningenes forbruk. De beregnede effektene er på linje med resultatene fra nyere studier på nasjonale tall for Norge, men litt svakere enn lignende studier fra andre land
The impact of household leverage on mortgage foreclosures in Norway: : A threat to stability?
No full textOver the period 2006-2011, the number of filed foreclosures among Norwegian households has risen by 60 percent at the national level. In some counties, the number of filed foreclosures has increased with more than 150 percent. Based on a theoretical model for the determinants of foreclosures, this thesis empirically investigates
what are the main drivers of filed and actual foreclosures. My resultes, making use of a newly gathered panel data set covering all 19 counties over the past 15 years, suggest that the growth in household debt have been the main factor behind the rapid increase in filed foreclosures the last 5 years. However, the results also indicates that the rise in housing prices have stopped this increase in filed foreclosure from being fully materialized as actual foreclosures. The increase in the number of filed foreclosure may suggests that losses are building up in the household sector. If unemployment or interest rates were to increase or, even more importantly, housing price expectations fall, a larger number
of the filed foreclosures could easily be realized, causing a larger number of houses to be foreclosed with subsequent losses for creditors and debtors
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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