21 research outputs found
Histopathological evaluation of topical Lipoxin treatment on porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in rabbits
No full textPLEASE NOTE: This work is protected by copyright. Downloading is restricted to the BU community: please log in with a valid BU account to access and click Download. If you are the author of this work and would like to make it publicly available, please contact [email protected](M.S.D.)--Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 2003 (Oral Biology).Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-83).Multi-cellular host responses to infection or inflammatory stimuli lead to the formation of a broad spectrum of chemical mediators by the host. Recent data in the literature indicate that endogenous lipid mediators that suppress pro-inflammatory gene expression and dampen leukocyte trafficking control successful resolution of inflammation. Many molecules play a counter-regulatory role in this resolution stage of the inflammatory response. These counter-regulatory systems have evolved to control the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response. Lipoxins are lipid mediators derived from the eicosanoid cascade, that can be formed during cell-cell interactions in human tissues to self limit key responses in host defense and promote the resolution of inflammation. This branch of the eicosanoid cascade generates specific tetraene containing products such as lipoxins, which serve as stop signals, that regulate leukocyte trafficking and prevent leukocyte mediated tissue injury.
Synthetic stable lipoxin analogs represent a class of novel lipid mediators that are shown to prevent neutrophil mediated tissue injury. Previously, we have found that experimental periodontal disease in rabbits can be interrupted by local application of LXA [4] analogs. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the histopathological changes associated with experimental periodontitis in rabbits in response to topically applied stable lipoxin analogs (LXA [4]).
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A seismically controlled seal breach in a major hydrocarbon province: A study from the Mauddud Formation in the Bahrah field, Kuwait
No full textThe Mauddud Formation, a late Albian-aged carbonate oil reservoir, is one of the main oil producers in Kuwait, however, it exhibits unreliable oil production from the Bahrah Field. The Mauddud Formation in the Bahrah field is divided into two sub-structures by a series of E-W faults and shows a slight degradation in oil quality (∼5API) within the up-dip structure. Intersections of the E-W faults with NW-SE faults are associated with deep-seated seismic pipes, which culminate in pull-up features, creating the overlying sag-like features. Additionally, the Mauddud Formation shows evidence of baroque (saddle) dolomite in fracture cements and replacing clasts. The baroque dolomite have 3He/4He ratios ∼0.3 times higher than atmospheric values. Taken together, this seismic and petrographic evidence suggests that the Mauddud Formation experienced an ingress of radiogenic, crustal fluids, potentially sourced from the basement. Seismic pipes, therefore, are interpreted to be the product of the upward movement of hydrothermal fluids that breach seal rocks, causing oil to escape and subsequent calcite cementation. An integrated map of a basement magnetic anomaly and current exhalative features on the present-day surface shows evidence of a relationship with fault locations on the level of the Mauddud Formation that were rejuvenated and associated with the remigration of oil. This study provides an exceptional example of a seal breach in one of the world's most prolific hydrocarbon provinces. It also indicates the importance of a multidisciplinary, multi-scale approach extending from the basement to the surface in order to understand seal breach in carbonate petroleum systems. The overall data is used to assess the main factors that effected the integrity of the seal when this latter is breached by hydrothermal fluids
Micro- and Pore Structure Analysis of Volcanic Ash Blended Cement Paste
No full textVolcanic ash blended cement based concrete are known for its better performance in terms of strength and durability, especially in marine environments where hot and cold climatic conditions along with chloride and sulphate attacks are detrimental for the construction materials. Since the properties of volcanic ash will vary with region to region, complete knowledge of chemical composition and thorough understanding of the hydration mechanism is unavoidable to find out the optimum dosage of volcanic ash for better performance. Understanding the cement hydration process and characterizing the hydration products in microstructural level is a complex and interdependent process that allows one to design complex mix proportions to produce sustainable concrete materials. Here, the micro- and pore structure of cement paste samples prepared with locally available ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and regionally available volcanic ash (VA) was studied by using Isothermal Calorimetry, N2-Adsorption analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studies show that, even though the added VA reduces the initial cement hydration process, it could be used as a potential replacement of OPC up to a certain extent for the development of sustainable high performance concrete
Dose-Dependent Effect of GABAA System on Antinociception Actions of Cuneiformis Nucleus in Brain Stem
No full textBackground and Objective: It's been established that midbrain region namely rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is the coring point of modulation of pain. It's well been documented that periaqueductal gray (PAG) matter is having an antinociception effect along with RVM. However, there are evidences demonstrating that RVM get a few connections from the cuneiformsnucleus (CnF) which might indicate CnF does have the same mechanism as PAG. Thus in this study, we are to explore the antinociception effects of CnF and GABAA circuits.
Methods: Rats were anesthetized with Thiopental drug. Using the stereotaxic apparatus and Paxinos atlas, the point representing for CnF location over the scalp has been designated. Following a week after the surgery, rats were now fully prepared for tests. Animals were chosen to be in three groups. First for control group, 0.5 µl of normal saline was injected into the CnF. Later, a few nanograms of bicucculline (as a GABAA antagonist) were administered into the CnF, dose dependently.
Results: From the results, it has been shown that CnF has a role in antinociception effect and it is because the injection of bicucculline has increased tail flick latency (TFL) and even further increased TFL when administered dose dependently (with high doses).
Conclusion: According to results of current study, CnF has a significant role in pain modulation and circuits of GABAergic system have also played a key role on its antinociception effect
Effectiveness and Safety of Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Real-World Evidence
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Metabolic outcomes 2 years following gastric bypass surgery in people with type 2 diabetes: An observational cohort study
No full textBackground: Gastric bypass surgery induces early remission or significant improvement in type 2 diabetes (T2D).Aim: To assess effectiveness of stopping glucose-lowering treatment at the time of surgery. Design: Observational cohort analysis. Methods: We identified 101 patients (62 women) with T2D who had undergone gastric bypass surgery at a mean (SD, standard deviation) age of 51.4 (9.0) years. We recorded weight, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol preoperatively and at a median 4, 12 and 24 months postoperatively, and changes to glucose-lowering therapy. Results: Mean (SD) baseline BMI was 50.3 (6.3) kg/m2, HbA1c 65.3 (18.5) mmol/mol, systolic BP 146.0 (18.0) mmHg, diastolic BP 87.0 (10.8) mmHg and total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio 4.0 (1.2). Mean (95% confidence interval) reduction in BMI was 16.4 (14.1-18.7) kg/m2, HbA1c 23.6 (17.6-29.6) mmol/mol, systolic BP 12.9 (5.9-19.8) mmHg, diastolic BP 6.1 (1.8-10.5) mmHg and total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio 1.1 (0.6-1.5) at 24 months (P <0.001 for all measures). Although 91% of patients were receiving glucose-lowering therapies preoperatively, complete (HbA1c <42 mmol/mol) and partial (HbA1c 42-48 mmol/mol) remissions of T2D were seen in 62.1% and 5.2% at 2 years postoperatively. Conclusions: Cessation of glucose-lowering therapies in people with T2D at the time of gastric bypass surgery was clinically effective. The majority of patients remained in complete or partial remission of diabetes up to 2 years postoperatively. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved
Papel da substância cinzenta periaquedutal na modulação do comportamento maternal e lactação em ratas estressadas
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências.Diversos estudos têm mostrado que a administração sistêmica ou central de opióides inibe o comportamento maternal em ratas lactantes. O sítio de atuação destes opióides é incerto, mas a substância cinzenta periaquedutal (PAG) parece ser importante, uma vez que a administração sistêmica de morfina ativa a região lateral da PAG e inibe o comportamento maternal durante a lactação em ratas. O comportamento maternal também é sensível ao estresse ambiental, como por exemplo a exposição da fêmea a um ambiente estranho ou a apresentação de um macho intruso no ambiente. O objetivo deste projeto foi investigar se diferentes tipos de estresse inibem o comportamento maternal diferentemente e se a região lateral da PAG seria ativada durante situações de estresse. Um segundo objetivo foi verificar se as alterações do comportamento maternal pelo estresse são devidas à liberação de opióides na PAG lateral. Experimento 1: Ratas Wistar (250g) foram acasaladas e monitoradas até o momento do parto. Após o parto, as ratas foram divididas em quatro grupos: C, n=5 (ratas não estressadas), E1, n=5 (ratas foram colocadas com os filhotes na presença de um macho estranho no 9º dia de lactação), E2, n=5 (ratas foram estressadas pela retirada da caixa e junto com outra fêmea lactante colocadas em outra caixa na presença de um macho durante 2h diárias por 6 dias, do 3º ao 8º dia de lactação; o comportamento foi analisado no 9º dia de lactação, na própria caixa, sem a presença de intrusos) e E1+2, n=5 (ratas foram estressadas conforme o E2 exceto que no 9º dia de lactação foram estressadas conforme o E1). Em todos os grupo o comportamento maternal foi analisado durante 1h no 9º dia de lactação. Ratas submetidas a E1 demoraram mais para recolher os filhotes, demoraram mais para iniciar a amamentação e passaram mais tempo em atividades não maternais e menos tempo amamentando os filhotes. Os grupos E2 e E1+2 não apresentaram mudança de comportamento em relação ao controle. Experimento 2: Ratas foram acasaladas e submetidas às condições de estresse anteriores (n=5 de cada grupo), 90 min após o experimento, no 9º dia de lactação, foram perfundidas e o cérebro foi retirado e processado para a detecção imunohistoquímica de Fos na PAG. Ratas do grupo E1 apresentaram aumento de Fos em relação às ratas não estressadas em todos os níveis (Bregma -5,6 a -7,6 mm) na região lateral da PAG. Ratas submetidas a E2 e E1+2 apresentaram diminuição na expressão de Fos na coluna dorsomedial e dorsolateral comparadas ao controle. Experimento 3: Ratas Wistar (250g) foram acasaladas e submetidas a cirurgia estereotáxica para a implantação unilateral de cânulas-guia na PAGl. Após o parto foram submetidas às condições comportamentais conforme o exp. 1. No dia do teste, 9º dia de lactação, foram divididas para receberem microinjeção de salina (grupo controle) ou de antagonista opióide (naltrexona, naloxonazina ou nor-BNI) e o comportamento maternal foi monitorado por 1h. Em ratas submetidas a E1, os antagonistas reverteram os efeitos do estresse no progresso do recolhimento, no início e no tempo de amamentação. Com estes resultados podemos concluir que o estresse agudo (apresentação do macho estranho) interfere com o comportamento maternal. A condição de estresse crônico isoladamente não interfere na interação das mães com os filhotes, no entanto, previne os efeitos deletérios do estresse agudo no comportamento maternal. A PAG lateral participa ativamente da resposta ao estresse agudo, enquanto que o estresse crônico impede a expressão de Fos nesta região nos animais expostos a estresse agudo. Os antagonistas opióides na PAGl revertem os efeitos do estresse agudo no comportamento maternal. Um circuito inibitório opióide poderia ser responsável por uma desinibição da PAGl, levando a prejuízos no comportamento maternal das ratas. O estresse crônico, por outro lado, promove mudanças plásticas nesta circuitaria e impede o efeito inibitório do estresse agudo no comportamento das mães
Review of Design and Analysis of Vaccine Studies by Halloran, M. E., Longini Jr., I. M., and Struchiner, C. J.
No full textAirborne pollen concentrations and the incidence of allergic asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in Lebanon
No full textBackground: Pollen monitoring is essential in the case of pollen-related allergic diseases. It may guide physicians and patients towards better prevention strategies, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods: One hundred and twenty four patients suffering from rhinoconjunctivitis and-or asthma from different cities around the country, and consulting our allergy clinic between January 2008 and December 2008, were reviewed in a randomized, retrospective study. Skin prick-tests to a battery of perennial or seasonal allergens were performed to all patients during their visit. An airborne pollen investigation was performed in different cities around the country during this period. The Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life (RQLQ) and the Asthma Quality of Life (AQLQ) questionnaires were used to assess the severity of symptoms. Results of the symptoms evaluation were then correlated to the peaks and total concentrations of airborne pollens. Results: The airborne pollen sampling showed that Cupressaceae species were the dominant pollen persisting almost at all seasons. A tremendous surge in pollen count was noted in March at all stations with remarkably high level of pollen averaging about 400 pollen-m3-day in the one station. Pollens such as olive, and grass were noted as the spring developed. Urticaceae most likely of the Parietaria species, the pollen specific to the Mediterranean area was noted starting in the spring at all stations. The incidence of exacerbations of rhinoconjunctivitis or asthma was highest during the spring season with a frequency of 58.87percent. There was another lower peak in the fall with a frequency of 23.3percent. A total of 15.32percent of patients were allergic to Cupressaceae; 73.68percent of them experienced symptoms during spring and 52.63percent during fall. A total of 17.75percent were allergic to grass; 59.1percent of these patients suffered of symptoms during spring and 36.36percent during the fall. A total of 24.2percent were allergic to Parietaria; 76.67percent of these patients endured symptoms during spring and 43.3percent during fall. A total of 16.2percent were allergic to olive; 70percent of these patients experienced symptoms during spring and 30percent during fall. A total of 24.2percent were allergic to mites; 36.67percent of these patients experienced symptoms during spring and 30percent during fall. Conclusion: There was a good correlation between the peaks of the pollen count and the exacerbations of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first study of clinical correlation with pollen count done in Lebanon. Continued monitoring and further studies will confirm our data, and support in better diagnosis and treatment of pollen-related allergic diseases. © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS.Adib, 1995, J MED LIBAN, V43, P17; Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma initiative. (ARIA), 2001, J ALLER CLIN IMMUNOL, V108, pS147; [Anonymous], 2008, REV FR ALLERGOL IMMU, V48, P399; Behbehani N, 2004, INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM, V133, P164, DOI 10.1159-000076622; Demoly P, 2005, REV FR ALLERGOL, V45, P464, DOI 10.1016-j.allerg.2005.07.001; Musharrafieh U, 2009, J ASTHMA, V46, P382, DOI 10.1080-02770900902777775; Papadopoulos Nikoloas G., UNANSWERED QUESTIONS; Ramadan F M, 1999, J Med Liban, V47, P216; Waked M, 2008, PUBLIC HEALTH, V122, P965, DOI 10.1016-j.puhe.2007.10.006; Waked Mirna, 2006, J Med Liban, V54, P1812
Intubation and mechanical ventilation of the asthmatic patient in respiratory failure
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