3,061 research outputs found
Dupla dissociação da função dos receptores NMDA da substância cinzenta periaquedutal dorsolateral rostral e caudal no medo inato e condicionado ao ador de gato
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia.O odor de predador tem sido utilizado como estímulo aversivo em animais de laboratório na tentativa de compreender as bases biológicas do medo/ansiedade e estresse. Frente a estes estímulos, roedores apresentam uma vigorosa resposta comportamental de defesa. O presente estudo analisou a participação dos receptores de glutamatérgicos da Substância Cinzenta Periaquedutal (SCPdl) nas respostas de defesa frente ao odor de gato e ao contexto desta exposição. A SCP é dividida em colunas que modulam diferentes respostas comportamentais e físicas para o organismo, dentre elas a região dorsolateral (SCPdl) que parece possuir uma organização longitudinal em seu eixo rostro-caudal, a qual poderia ser responsável pelas diferentes respostas comportamentais frente a estímulos ameaçadores. Assim, o antagonista dos receptores NMDA, AP5 nas doses de 3 e 6nmol, foi administrado 10 minutos antes da exposição ao odor de gato ou ao contexto do odor de gato. Os resultados demonstram que apenas a microinjeção de AP5 (6 nmol) na SCPdl rostral foi capaz de reduzir as respostas comportamentais ao odor de gato. Quando os animais foram expostos ao contexto, apenas a administração de AP5 (6 nmol) na SCPdl caudal foi capaz de reduzir as respostas de medo condicionado ao contexto. Os dados sugerem que, frente a estímulos de ameaça predatória e situações de medo condicionado, áreas rostrais e caudais modulam as respostas comportamentais de medo inato e condicionado respectivamente. Os achados sugerem ainda uma participação diferenciada dos receptores NMDA nestas situações, reforçando o papel modulatório da SCP na mediação do comportamento defensivo. Predator odors have been widely as aversive stimulus in animal models in order to understand neurobiology of fear/anxiety and stress. Face this stimulus, rodents show strong reactions like defensive behaviors. Such response may depend on brain structures related to emotional reaction as the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). The PAG is organized in columnar groups that modulate different behavior and organic responses, and the dorsolateral (dlPAG) part has a special interest because its relation with defensive reactions. The dlPAG seems to have anatomical and functional differences along its rostro-caudal axis front of threat stimulus. Therefore, the present study evaluates the participation of glutamatergic transmission in the rostral and caudal dlPAG, by the NMDA receptors, on modulation of defensive behavior toward cat odor stimulus and its context. For this, the NMDA receptor antagonist, AP5 3 and 6nmol, was administered 10 minutes before the cat odor exposure or context. Results showed that only AP5 6nmol microinjected into rostral dlPAG was capable to reduce defensive the behaviors when subjects were exposed to the cat odor. Indeed, when animals were exposed to context session, only the administration of AP5 6nmol into caudal dlPAG reduced the conditioned fear response. These data point that face predation stimulus and situation of conditioned fear, rostral and caudal dlPAG areas can modulate defensive reactions of innate and conditioned fear. These findings suggest a distinct participation of NMDA receptors in these situations, and reinforce the role of PAG on modulation of defensive behavior
The activation of the lignification defence response in wheat by partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN017559 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
STRUCTURE OF THE ART-SPACE IN THE STORY "I" BY A.P. POTEMKIN
No full textThe author performs the analysis of the art space structure in A.P. Potemkin's story "I". Several interrelated spatial models are allocated and described: household space, natural space, social space, psychological space, transpersonal space
Pressure drop and turbulence statistics in transpired pipe flow
No full textMeasurements of turbulent flow in a horizontal pipe subjected to wall transpiration are presented. Results include data on global flow rates and pressure drop, and local mean and fluctuating velocity profiles. Two distinct flow transpiration rates are studied, = / = 0.0005 and 0.001. The effects of flow transpiration on the friction-coefficient are compared with theoretical predictions. The theory furnishes predictions accurate to 3\%
Fully Turbulent Mean Velocity Profile for Purely Viscous non-Newtonian Fluids
No full textThe characteristic near wall behavior of turbulent flow of purely-viscous non-Newtonian fluids is discussed for both power-law (P.-L.) and Herschel-Bulkley (H.-B.) rheological models. A proper scaling is presented for H.-B. fluids to establish an analogy with power-law fluids with same flow index. To provide reference data for turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids, DNS simulations of power-law fluids are conducted in a rectangular channel for a large range of power-law indices ( = 0.5, 0.69, 0.75, 0.9, 1, 1.2). The DNS data show that the mean velocity profile in the viscous and logarithmic layers follow expressions of the form and respectively, where shows a logarithmic dependency on the flow index.Comparison with some experimental data shows the above formulation to be valid for Reynolds numbers (based on shear velocity) as high as 1000
Author Correction: New perspectives on Neanderthal dispersal and turnover from Stajnia Cave (Poland)
No full textThe Author contributions section now reads:“W.N., A.N. and S.T. designed research; A.P., M.H., W.N., S.B., M.U., A.M., H.F., M.D.B., P.S., K.S., M.Ż., A.W., A.N. and S.T. performed research; A.P., M.H., W.N., S.B., M.U., A.M., H.F., M.D.B., P.S., K.S., M.Ż., A.W., A.N. and S.T. analysed data; A.P., M.H., S.T., W.N. and S.B. wrote the paper with the collaboration of all the co-authors.
Osterhout's 80th Birthday
No full textBlack and white photo of nine men posing at the 80th birthday celebration for. Dr. W. G. V Osterhout. The bottom of the photo reads "August 2, 1950. To the M B.L library from W. G. V. Osterhout" and a typed "Edwin Gray Photography" in the bottom right corner.Back of photo reads "Presented by Dr. W.J.V Osterhout, Oct 25, 1950 (taken at the birthday of Dr. O--80th}--party in his honor at the MBL. Top row: left to right: M.H. Jacobs; A.P. Mathews; Robert F. Loeb; E. N. Harvery; G.H.A. Clowes. Bottom Row, Left to right; R.S. Lillie, W.E. Garrey, W.J.V. Osterhout; E.G. Conklin. (Photographed by Edwin Gray)". In the bottom there is stamped "Edwin Gray Main St. Falmouth, Mass."Photograph
Author Correction:A 41,500 year-old decorated ivory pendant from Stajnia Cave (Poland)
No full textCorrection to: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01221-6, published online 25 November 2021The original version of this Article contained errors in the author list where Marjolein D. Bosch was omitted from the author list, and Mikołaj Urbanowski was incorrectly listed as an author of the original Article, and has subsequently been removed.The Author contributions section now reads:“S.T. W.N. and A.N. conceived the project; S.T., W.N., A.P., M.B., S.C., M.D., H.F., A.M., M.D. B., D.P., M.P.R., C.M.R., V.S-M., G.M.S., P.S., M.S., K.S., A.V., F.W., H.W., A.W., M.Z., S.B., A.N., J-J. H., performed research; S.T., A.P., W.N., M.B., M.D.B., S.C., M.D., H.F., A.M., D.P., M.P.R., C.M.R., V.S-M., G.M.S., P.S., M.S., K.S., A.V., F.W., H.W., A.W., M.Z., S.B., A.N., J-J. H. analysed all archaeological data; S.T. and A.P. wrote the paper with the collaboration of all the co-authors.”The original Article and its accompanying Supplementary Information file have been corrected
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