179 research outputs found
Social imaginaries of academic demand in the transition process to university life for students of the Prehospital Care Technology program at the Nueva Granada Military University
No full textEsta investigación aborda los imaginarios sociales de exigencia académica en el proceso de transición a la vida universitaria de estudiantes de la Tecnología en Atención Prehospitalaria en la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. El objetivo principal del estudio fue develar estos imaginarios sociales para comprender cómo los estudiantes visualizan la exigencia académica en esta área del conocimiento. Se argumenta la relevancia de abordar los imaginarios sociales en el contexto educativo y se revisan antecedentes relacionados con la investigación de los imaginarios sociales en la salud y la atención prehospitalaria. El estudio adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, con un enfoque hermenéutico y etnográfico-complementario. Se utilizaron cuestionarios abiertos, entrevistas individuales y grupos focales con estudiantes activos del programa de Tecnología en Atención Prehospitalaria. La información recolectada se analizó utilizando el software de análisis cualitativo Atlas.ti 22, con el cual se llevó a cabo la codificación de las transcripciones obtenidas durante la recolección de los datos, empleando estrategias de triangulación. Los resultados revelaron una serie de imaginarios sociales relacionados con la exigencia académica y su impacto en la vida personal y familiar de los estudiantes. Estos imaginarios influyen en la comprensión de la carrera, la carga de trabajo y la relación con los docentes durante la transición a la vida universitaria. Además, se destaca la influencia de las experiencias previas, la visión de la carrera y las normas sociales en las percepciones de los estudiantes. Asimismo, se identificaron factores como la limitación del tiempo y la adaptación a los ritmos del programa que influyen en el imaginario social de exigencia académica.AGRADECIMIENTOS II
TABLA DE CONTENIDO III
RESUMEN 1
ABSTRACT 3
INTRODUCCIÓN 5
CAPÍTULO I PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 9
1.1. DESCRIPCIÓN 9
1.2. OBJETIVOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN 13
Objetivo General 13
Objetivos Específicos 13
1.3. JUSTIFICACIÓN 14
1.4. LÍNEA DE INVESTIGACIÓN: EDUCACIÓN Y SOCIEDAD 19
CAPÍTULO II MARCO DE REFERENCIA 22
2.3. ANTECEDENTES 22
Imaginarios en contextos académicos 23
Los imaginarios académicos de colegio a la universidad 29
Los imaginarios académicos en carreras universitarias 31
Los imaginarios sociales de ciencias de la salud 39
2.4. MARCO TEÓRICO Y CONCEPTUAL 43
La construcción de los imaginarios sociales 43
Exploración conceptual de imaginario 44
Efectos 48
Consecuencias 51
Movimientos entorno a los imaginarios 53
Los imaginarios sociales en la academia 54
Exigencia Académica 58
Transición estudiantil universitaria 63
Contexto del Programa Tecnología en Atención Prehospitalaria (TAPH) 68
CAPÍTULO III METODOLOGÍA 74
3.1. PARADIGMA, ENFOQUE Y MÉTODO DE INVESTIGACIÓN 74
Paradigma 74
Enfoque 75
Diseño metodológico 76
3.2. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA POBLACIÓN Y MUESTRA 79
Población 79
Muestra 80
3.3. TÉCNICAS Y ESTRATEGIAS DE RECOLECCIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN 82
Cuestionario con enfoque cualitativo 82
Grupo focal 83
Entrevista 85
Validación de los instrumentos 86
Metodologías de análisis de la información 89
Consideraciones éticas 92
CAPÍTULO IV RESULTADOS Y ANÁLISIS 95
4.1. CATEGORÍAS DEDUCTIVAS 99
Carga Académica 99
Docentes 109
Vida Universitaria 119
Prácticas en laboratorios (Lab) 123
Evaluación 127
Transición a la universidad 134
Prácticas Clínicas 138
4.2. CATEGORÍAS INDUCTIVAS 145
Aspectos pedagógicos 146
Perfil Laboral 152
Aspectos Personales 161
CAPÍTULO V CONCLUSIONES 167
REFERENCIAS 180
LISTA DE TABLAS 192
LISTA DE FIGURAS 192
LISTA DE ANEXOS 192
ANEXOS 193
ANEXO 1- CONSENTIMIENTO INFORMADO 193
ANEXO 2- FORMATO DE CUESTIONARIO CUALITATIVO 196
ANEXO 3- GUÍA DEL GRUPO FOCAL 197
ANEXO 4- GUÍA DE ENTREVISTA INDIVIDUAL 198
ANEXO 5- RESULTADOS DE VALORACIÓN DE CONTENIDO 199This research addresses the social imaginaries of academic demand in the transition process to university life for students of Prehospital Care Technology at the Military University Nueva Granada. The main objective of the study was to unveil these social imaginaries to comprehend how students perceive academic demand in this field of knowledge. The relevance of addressing social imaginaries in the educational context is argued, and antecedents related to the investigation of social imaginaries in health and prehospital care are reviewed. The study adopted a qualitative approach, with a hermeneutic and ethnographic-complementary focus. Open questionnaires, individual interviews, and focus groups were used with active students from the Prehospital Care Technology program. The collected information was analyzed using the qualitative analysis software Atlas.ti 22, through which the coding of the transcriptions obtained during data collection was conducted, employing triangulation strategies. The results revealed a series of social imaginaries related to academic demand and its impact on students' personal and family life. These imaginaries influence the understanding of the career, workload, and the relationship with teachers during the transition to university life. Moreover, the influence of previous experiences, the perception of the career, and social norms on students' perceptions were highlighted. Likewise, factors such as time limitation and program adaptation were identified as influencers in the social imaginary of academic demand.MaestríaEsta pesquisa aborda os imaginários sociais de exigência acadêmica no processo de transição para a vida universitária dos estudantes de Tecnologia em Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar na Universidade Militar Nueva Granada. O objetivo principal do estudo foi desvendar esses imaginários sociais para compreender como os estudantes percebem a exigência acadêmica nessa área do conhecimento. Argumenta-se a relevância de abordar os imaginários sociais no contexto educacional e são revisados os antecedentes relacionados à pesquisa dos imaginários sociais na saúde e no atendimento pré-hospitalar. O estudo adotou uma abordagem qualitativa, com foco hermenêutico e etnográfico-complementar. Foram utilizados questionários abertos, entrevistas individuais e grupos focais com estudantes ativos do programa de Tecnologia em Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar. As informações coletadas foram analisadas usando o software de análise qualitativa Atlas.ti 22, por meio do qual foi realizada a codificação das transcrições obtidas durante a coleta de dados, empregando estratégias de triangulação. Os resultados revelaram uma série de imaginários sociais relacionados à exigência acadêmica e seu impacto na vida pessoal e familiar dos estudantes. Esses imaginários influenciam a compreensão da carreira, a carga de trabalho e o relacionamento com os professores durante a transição para a vida universitária. Além disso, destaca-se a influência de experiências anteriores, a percepção da carreira e as normas sociais nas percepções dos estudantes. Da mesma forma, foram identificados fatores como a limitação de tempo e a adaptação ao programa como influenciadores no imaginário social de exigência acadêmica
Tierras inundadas: El cultivo del arroz en la España contemporánea (1800-1936)
No full textEditada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaEl arroz fue una de las diversas dedicaciones agrícolas que permitieron mejorar los rendimientos en las condiciones particulares del mundo mediterráneo. Su implantación, sin embargo, exigió profundas transformaciones en el aprovechamiento del agua y comportó, a causa de las implicaciones sanitarias del cultivo, la intervención estatal. Su inserción en las estructuras agrarias existentes no fue, por tanto, fácil pero posibilitó el uso agrario de áreas de difícil aprovechamiento como la Albufera valenciana, el delta del Ebro y las Marismas del Guadalquivir. Desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, además, esta producción tuvo que adaptarse a la competencia de los países asiáticos. Lo hizo, bajo la protección de las medidas arancelarias, intensificando la producción hasta el punto de situar los rendimientos españoles entre los más altos del mundo ya en el siglo XX.Rice was one of the crops that improved agricultural yields under the restrictive conditions of the mediterranean world. However the expansion of its cultivation demanded deep changes in the use of water and new forms of government intervention because of the sanitary effects of the crop. The introduction of rice in the existent agrarian structures was not easy. However it facilitated the use of difficult agrarian areas such as the Valencian Albufera, the delta of the Ebro and the Marismas of the Guadalquivir. From the second half of the XIX century rice production had to adapt to the competition of the Asian countries. This was done through the intensification of the production under high and protective tariffs. The paper shows that the Spanish yields were among the highest in the world in the XX century.Publicad
Quantification of the number´s students with Burnout Syndrome in Prehospital Care Technology of the Nueva Granada Military University
No full textEl síndrome de Burn-out está relacionado con profesionales de diferentes áreas, especialmente ciencias de la salud; sin embargo, en la actualidad se han evidenciado casos en estudiantes universitarios denominado “Burn-out académico”, el cual influye en tres componentes: fatiga emocional, despersonalización y disminución de la realización personal; asociado a factores externos como la carga académica, prácticas clínicas y horarios extenuantes entre otros; e internos del estudiante como métodos de estudio, hábitos alimenticios, interés por las actividades académicas y afrontamiento emocional en situaciones de estrés. En ese sentido, se ve afectada la psiquis del individuo en sus ocupaciones cotidianas, haciendo que este sienta incertidumbre, inequidad y falta de autocontrol frente a sus emociones y actos voluntarios e involuntarios; ocasionando un desequilibrio emocional en su autoconcepto, autoconfianza y autoeficacia, debido a que hay un desbalance con el entorno y con su self. De ahí que, el objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar a los estudiantes de 4 a 6 semestre de Tecnología en Atención Prehospitalaria de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, en los tres componentes para identificar el grado de afectación en el ámbito académico; mediante la escala Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey For Students (MBI-GS(S)). La investigación realizada tuvo un enfoque mixto, de tipo correlacional donde las variables influyen en el nivel de afrontamiento de los estudiantes y en la adquisición del Sx-B; y transversal debido a que la recolección de datos se dio en un periodo de tiempo determinado, a través de una encuesta con ítems cualitativos y cuantitativos; utilizando la escala MBI-GS(S); donde se incluyó a los estudiantes que presentaron rotaciones clínicas, y deseaban participar voluntariamente en la investigación, mediante el diligenciamiento del cuestionario. Se pudo determinar con base a la escala MBI-GS(S), que está presente el síndrome de burnout en la población; y que su grado de afectación fue grave con 48%, debido a que se obtuvo indicios en al menos una de las tres subescalas; ahora bien, fatiga emocional fue la que tuvo mayor manifestación de burnout; por otra parte, se determina que las variables sociodemográficas influyen en el nivel de afrontamiento de los estudiantes y en la adquisición del Sx-B; sin embargo, la variable ocupación, en la cual los estudiantes desarrollan actividades académica y laborales no se considera un factor de riesgo para adquirir el síndrome.The burn-out syndrome is related to professionals from different areas, especially health sciences; however, at present, there have been evidenced cases in university students called "Academic burn-out", which influences three components: emotional fatigue, depersonalization and decrease in personal fulfillment; associated with external factors such as academic load, clinical practices and strenuous hours, among others; and internal of the student as study methods, eating habits, interest in academic activities and emotional coping in stressful situations. In this sense, verify the psyche of the individual in his daily occupations, making him feel uncertainty, inequity and lack of self-control in the face of his voluntary and involuntary emotions and acts; causing an emotional imbalance in his self-concept, self-confidence and self-efficacy, because there is an imbalance with the environment and with his self. Hence, the objective of the research was to evaluate students from 4 to 6 semesters of Technology in Prehospital Care at the Nueva Granada Military University, in the three components to identify the degree of involvement in the academic field; using the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Students General Survey (MBI-GS(S)). The research carried out had a mixed, correlational approach where the variables influence the level of confrontation of the students and the acquisition of Sx-B; and cross-sectional due to data collection occurred in a determined time, through a survey with qualitative and quantitative articles; using the scale MBI-GS(S); where the students who participated in clinical rotations were included, and they wish to participate voluntarily in the research, by completing the questionnaire. It was possible to determine, based on the scale MBI-GS(S), that burnout syndrome is present in the population; and that its degree of involvement was severe with 48% because it obtained indications in at least one of the three subscales; However, emotional fatigue was the one that had the greatest manifestation of burnout; on the other hand, it is determined that the sociodemographic variables influence the level of coping of the students and the acquisition of Sx-B; however, the occupation variable, in the quality of the students who carry out academic and work activities, does not take into account a risk factor for acquiring the syndrome.Pregrad
Political parties, two-level Governance and economic growth
No full textLos profesores de la Universidad de Granada, Betty Agnani y Henry Aray Casanova, analizan en este Documento de Trabajo el efecto en el crecimiento económico de las regiones españolas a partir de las diferentes combinaciones de partidos políticos que gobiernan tanto a nivel central como regional. Los investigadores toman como referente datos correspondientes al período 1989-2004 en diferentes comunidades y aplican una serie variables específicas para determinar los posibles efectos que puedan derivarse en función de la titularidad en el gobierno.GrowthAccounting,PanelData,Federalism,TFP
Characterisation of exposure to non-ionising electromagnetic fields in the Spanish INMA birth cohort: study protocol
No full textAnalysis of the association between exposure to electromagnetic fields of non-ionising radiation (EMF-NIR) and health in children and adolescents is hindered by the limited availability of data, mainly due to the difficulties on the exposure assessment. This study protocol describes the methodologies used for characterising exposure of children to EMF-NIR in the INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente- Environment and Childhood) Project, a prospective cohort study.; Indirect (proximity to emission sources, questionnaires on sources use and geospatial propagation models) and direct methods (spot and fixed longer-term measurements and personal measurements) were conducted in order to assess exposure levels of study participants aged between 7 and 18 years old. The methodology used varies depending on the frequency of the EMF-NIR and the environment (homes, schools and parks). Questionnaires assessed the use of sources contributing both to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) and Radiofrequency (RF) exposure levels. Geospatial propagation models (NISMap) are implemented and validated for environmental outdoor sources of RFs using spot measurements. Spot and fixed longer-term ELF and RF measurements were done in the environments where children spend most of the time. Moreover, personal measurements were taken in order to assess individual exposure to RF. The exposure data are used to explore their relationships with proximity and/or use of EMF-NIR sources.; Characterisation of the EMF-NIR exposure by this combination of methods is intended to overcome problems encountered in other research. The assessment of exposure of INMA cohort children and adolescents living in different regions of Spain to the full frequency range of EMF-NIR extends the characterisation of environmental exposures in this cohort. Together with other data obtained in the project, on socioeconomic and family characteristics and development of the children and adolescents, this will enable to evaluate the complex interaction between health outcomes in children and adolescents and the various environmental factors that surround them
Long-term dominance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Uganda family in peri-urban Kampala-Uganda is not associated with cavitary disease
No full textPrevious studies have shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) Uganda family, a sub-lineage of the MTB Lineage 4, is the main cause of tuberculosis (TB) in Uganda. Using a well characterized patient population, this study sought to determine whether there are clinical and patient characteristics associated with the success of the MTB Uganda family in Kampala.; A total of 1,746 MTB clinical isolates collected from1992-2009 in a household contact study were genotyped. Genotyping was performed using Single Nucleotide Polymorphic (SNP) markers specific for the MTB Uganda family, other Lineage 4 strains, and Lineage 3, respectively. Out of 1,746 isolates, 1,213 were from patients with detailed clinical data. These data were used to seek associations between MTB lineage/sub-lineage and patient phenotypes.; Three MTB lineages were found to dominate the MTB population in Kampala during the last two decades. Overall, MTB Uganda accounted for 63% (1,092/1,746) of all cases, followed by other Lineage 4 strains accounting for 22% (394/1,746), and Lineage 3 for 11% (187/1,746) of cases, respectively. Seventy-three (4 %) strains remained unclassified. Our longitudinal data showed that MTB Uganda family occurred at the highest frequency during the whole study period, followed by other Lineage 4 strains and Lineage 3. To explore whether the long-term success of MTB Uganda family was due to increased virulence, we used cavitary disease as a proxy, as this form of TB is the most transmissible. Multivariate analysis revealed that even though cavitary disease was associated with known risk factors such as smoking (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.33-6.84) and low income (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.47-3.01), no association was found between MTB lineage and cavitary TB.; The MTB Uganda family has been dominating in Kampala for the last 18 years, but this long-term success is not due to increased virulence as defined by cavitary disease
Artes de canto (1492-1626) y mujeres en la cultura musical del mundo ibérico renacentista
No full text[spa] Esta Tesis Doctoral explora la cultura musical del mundo ibérico renacentista a través del estudio de artes de canto en lengua vernácula impresas entre 1492 y 1626 y de su relación con las mujeres de la época. La Tesis consta de siete capítulos, estructurados en dos partes (Vol. I), y de veinte apéndices (Vol. II). La primera parte (Capítulos I al IV) muestra que las características por las que estos libros que contenían los rudimentos de la música han sido infravalorados hasta ahora por la historiografía musical son precisamente las mismas que demuestran que respondían a una necesidad pedagógica y a la demanda de manuales asequibles, breves y prácticos por parte de un amplio mercado. Las artes de canto se imprimieron en tiradas de miles de ejemplares y eran vendidas a bajo precio, tuvieron una enorme circulación en la Península Ibérica y el Nuevo Mundo, y contribuyeron al incremento y la difusión de la educación musical en contextos educativos diferenciados (la iglesia, la universidad y el ámbito privado), así como entre grupos sociales hasta entonces excluidos del aprendizaje de los fundamentos de la música. El Arte de canto llano (Sevilla, 1530) de Juan Martínez emerge como el tratado de música del mundo hispánico más difundido geográfica y cronológicamente en el siglo XVI e inicios del XVII, pero del que casi nada se sabía. En la segunda parte (Capítulos V al VII), las conexiones entre estos libros de música y mujeres muestran que las áreas de superposición entre lo privado y lo público y entre lo oral y lo escrito permiten desafiar la invisibilidad de las mujeres en documentos históricos y vislumbrar trazas no sólo de la cultura musical de las mujeres de la época, sino también de la importancia de la música en la vida cotidiana. Se utiliza una diversidad de fuentes (artes de canto, libros de conducta, documentos inquisitoriales, literatura, correspondencia e inventarios de bienes, entre otras), a través de las cuales se ha podido documentar la relación con la música de, entre otras, Catalina de Zúñiga, VI Condesa de Lemos, Isabel de Plazaola, e Isabel de Aragón, IV Duquesa del Infantado. Empleando metodologías de la musicología tradicional junto a otras tomadas de los historiadores del libro y de la cultura popular, esta Tesis Doctoral presenta una panorámica de la vida musical de la época a través del prisma de doble alteridad que supone el estudio de las artes de canto, generalmente consideradas carentes de interés, y de su relación con las mujeres, insuficientemente representadas en la historiografía musical.[eng] This dissertation explores the musical culture of the Renaissance Iberian world through both the study of small-format treatises in the vernacular containing the rudiments of music –known as artes de canto– printed between 1492 and 1626, and the nexuses between them and women. The dissertation consists of seven chapters, structured into two parts (Volume I), and twenty appendixes (Volume II). Part I (Chapters I to IV) shows that the arte de canto, until now generally overlooked or undervalued in music historiography, was produced in print runs of thousands of copies and sold for a low price; it had a broad circulation in the Iberian Peninsula and the New World, contributing to the spread of musical literacy in distinct didactic contexts (churches, universities, private settings) and among social groups until then excluded from learning the rudiments of music. The little known Juan Martínez’s Arte de canto llano (Seville, 1530) emerges as the most circulated music book in the Hispanic world during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The aim of Part II (Chapters V to VII) is to approach the musical life of the sixteenth-century Iberian world through the exploration of women’s contributions, thus broadening the field of historical research. The study of some connections between music books and women shows that the points of overlap between the private and the public spheres, on the one hand, and the written and the oral music transmission, on the other hand, not only make women’s musical practices visible, but also offer new vistas on the popular culture of the age. Through a variety of source materials (artes de canto, conduct manuals, Inquisition records, literature, letters and inventories of goods, among others) it has been possible to document the musical activities of women such as Catalina de Zúñiga, VI Countess of Lemos, Isabel de Plazaola, and Isabel de Aragón, IV Duchess of the Infantado. Combining methodologies from traditional musicology with those borrowed from book history and popular culture, this dissertation analyzes music in the culture of the Renaissance Iberian world through the prism of double Otherness involved in studying the ‘other’ music books –that is the undervalued artes de canto– and their connections to women of that period
The myth of minority : cultural change in Valencia in the thirteenth century at the time of the conquests of James I of Aragon
No full textThe history of the Iberian Peninsula is intricate and complex. Like most regions of
Western Europe in the Middle Ages, it suffered invasion, occupation, political change and an almost constant re–alignment of social alliances. Yet the thirteenth century saw one of the most massive shifts in the balance of power recorded in western history. In the space of fifty years, Islamic rule within the peninsula was ended for good, with the last vestiges of Muslim territory erased from the southern peninsula by the fifteenth century. Christian ascendancy heralded the arrival of a mixed policy of tolerance, as questions began to be asked about the nature of living together with other cultures and religions and whether this new rule – this new Christian rule – needed to tolerate the existence of others in its midst.
The most dramatic shift in policy occurred in the middle of the thirteenth century, as the campaigns of the two great northern kingdoms of Leon–Castile and Aragon–Catalonia moved southwards. The most dramatic outcome – due to the size of the Muslim population – was the relatively swift conquest of, in the case of Ferdinand III, the main towns of Andalucia and, in the case of James I, king of Aragon, the region of Valencia by 1245. Yet it is important when examining the campaigns of these great warrior kings not
to be overwhelmed by the idea of the religious ethos for the conquest. Some historians have chosen to interpret the thirteenth–century conquests as the Christian reaction for the centuries of subjugation under Muslim rule. The reasoning behind the conquests was far more complex than that of a mere idealistic crusade. In the case of thirteenth–century Christian expansion, desire for territory, sovereignty, inheritance, taxation and inter-territorial rivalry had just as much of a part to play as a desire to overcome the Muslim ‘infidel.’ It is the conquest of Valencia which will form the major focal point of this paper, examining the historical precedent for conquest, the nature of Muslim rule, the ulterior motives of the Christians, the
position of Muslims and Jews in existing Christian society (as well as under the
conquerors) and the role of James I in both consolidating and changing that culture.
The programme of this thesis is divided into two main parts. In the first part, the paper will explore the impact of historical events up to the birth of James; how these events both shaped him as a king and as a warrior; and how domestic concerns may have provided a greater incentive than religious missionaries spreading Crusading fever amongst Western kingdoms. It will review the impact of those close to the king; on the nature of his conquest; on his ideology; and how his attitude towards his conquered subjects was shaped. External political and geographical pressures impacted both upon the king’s campaigning and, ultimately, how complete the conquest was.
In the second part, the thesis will focus on the communities themselves and the changes that occurred as the conquests progressed further and further southwards. It will
contrast the circumstances and fortunes of those conquered with the lives of minority
cultures who were already subjects in the Christian realms. It will examine the idea of
hierarchy within minority culture and the social mores that had an even more direct
impact upon community life than the military campaigning. Most important of all, it will
question the idea of convivencia and the concept of tolerance and ‘living together.
The Political Communication of Hugo Chávez: The Evolution of Aló Presidente
No full textAló Presidente was a weekly television programme anchored and produced by Hugo Chávez during his presidency in Venezuela. The show, a version of a phone-in, was broadcast live on national television at 11am on Sundays and lasted on average six hours. It followed the presidential agenda to a new location every week, where Hugo Chávez would inaugurate factories, read Latin American poetry, interview Fidel Castro, and sing llanero songs. This thesis investigates the role that Aló Presidente played in the making of the “Bolivarian Revolution”, Hugo Chávez’s political project. Through a critical reading of the transcripts of the show, it explores the 378 episodes, or 1656 hours, that aired between 1999 and 2012. Aló Presidente was the cornerstone of Chávez’s political communication, replacing press conferences and interviews. Chávez was known for his continuous presence on radio and television and his daily presidential addresses. However, only on the Sunday show could the audience phone the president and share their ideas, emotions and everyday life concerns. This thesis reviews the narratives that underlined the relationship between the audience/electorate and the host/president on Aló Presidente. It is argued that Aló Presidente played a fundamental role in articulating the identity of a public that shared the values and ideas of Chávez’s hegemonic project. Moreover, it is argued that the show Aló Presidente and the ideological process called the “Bolivarian Revolution” can be read as two co-related arms of a same project, and that they informed and defined each other throughout Chávez’s presidency. In this context, this thesis assesses the evolution of the programme in light of the political events taking place in Venezuela during that time. Aló Presidente is thus seen as a repository, or “black box”, of the discourses that articulated the Bolivarian identity and constructed the legitimacy of Hugo Chávez as the leader of a populist movement in Venezuela. Finally, the core of this thesis is that the co-relation between the show and the hegemonic project evolved over time to strengthen the authoritarian tendencies of Hugo Chávez’s regime. Following the activities of Aló Presidente over 13 years, the investigation charts that evolution in three different stages: 1) participation, 2) education, and 3) obedience, arguing that what started as a seemingly participatory space, progressively became a platform that presented Hugo Chávez’s figure as the ideologue of a populist movement, and ultimately secured his position as the indisputable leader and sole authority of Venezuela’s “Bolivarian Revolution”
Alternative Oxidase Gene (Aox I): A Good DNA Barcoding Candidate for the Genus Fusarium
No full textDNA barcoding is a tool for taxonomy analysis that uses a short standard genomic sequence present in all the taxa of interest, which has enough sequence variation to discriminate among species. Members of the genus Fusarium are recognized as saprophytes and important plant and human pathogens, and their taxonomic identification commonly relies on macro and microscopical characteristics and molecular methods. However, identification can be difficult due to the lack of some structures in culture or poor polymorphism in ribosomal DNA sequences. Barcoding could provide an easy and reliable method to overcome these problems. This study is a preliminary study to evaluate sequences of Cox (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and Aox (alternative oxidase) as potential DNA barcodes for identification of Fusarium species. DNA was extracted from 12 Fusarium isolates previously identified by traditional methods into different complexes: F. solani, F. oxysporum and Gibbellera fujikuroi. For PCR amplification of Cox 1 gene, primers designed in a previous study were used and amplicons of approximately 600 pb were observed in all the isolates. For the amplification of Aox, primers were designed by our group showing amplification of a region of 800 bp approximately in all Fusarium species. The sequences were clustered using phylogenetic trees, additionally, intra-and interspecific divergence were estimated with the K2P model. These results showed that the Aox sequence clustered the isolates into the appropriate Fusarium species complex, according to previous morphological characterization, indicating its potential to differentiate Fusarium isolates to the species level. Similarity analysis of Cox1 sequences showed insufficient variation to discriminate among isolates. In conclusion, the 800 bp sequence of AOX is a candidate to become a DNA barcode sequence, but more species and isolates are needed to further test its discriminating ability
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