1,720,999 research outputs found
Computerized Historical Linguistic Database of the Latin Inscriptions of the Imperial Age: Search and Charting Modules
No full text“Dog-Like” Women: The Origin of the Rhythm Method
Full text linkHippocrates, Aristotle, and Soranus all mention that women are most likely to fall pregnant during menstruation or the days following it. They correctly realised the connection between the menstrual cycle and conception, but they committed a serious mistake concerning the time of conception and they did not rectify this error for seven centuries. The mistake probably comes from the observation of bitches being in heat as these ancient scholars linked the two phenomena - being on heat and menses - in the wrong way
The Gynaecology Of Soranus
No full textSóranos munkájának eddig nem született magyar fordítása. A fordítás és a kommentár kiadása érdeklődésre tarthat számot az ókortudomány művelőin kívül az orvosok, a bábák és az egészségügyben dolgozó más szakemberek részéről is, és értékesen kiegészítheti e diszciplinák történeti önismeretét, továbbá az oktatásban is felhasználható.The dissertation consists of two parts. The first part is a translation and commentary of Book I of Peri Gynaikeión pathón by Soranus. In the commentary questions of text tradition and interpretation are discussed. In this part I mainly relied on the editions, translations and commentaries of Burgière-Gourevitch-Malinas and Owsei Temkin as well as the latest results of scholarly literature. In the second part five areas are discussed, a detailed treatment of which would have exceeded the framework of the commentary.
In the chapter entitled Soranus’s life and works the origin of his name is discussed. He was of Greek origin, yet his name is of Latin origin (its meaning: the inhabitant of Sora colony), which, according to Ann Ellis Hanson, can be explained by the fact that Q. Marcius Barea Soranus, the proconsul of Asia was the benefactor of Ephesus in 61-63 and Soranus’s parents might have named their son after him. Soranus’s name, however, is probably rather linked to a healing god, Pater Soranus, whose cult evolved on mount Soracte near Falerii, and who was identified with Apollo already in the 5th century B.C. Apollo Soranus was clearly considered to be a healing god. It is possible, that the Greek doctor working in Rome took the name of the healing god out of respect for him. The main aim of Soranus’s book was the education of midwifes. In the chapter entitled Doctors, midwifes, woman doctors an attempt is made to separate the range of tasks midwifes (maia), doctors (iatros) and woman doctors (iatreiné) had. In this process the data of all the woman doctors known from Graeco-Roman antiquity from the 4th century B.C. to the age of Soranus were studied. In the chapter entitled The foetus’s right to life and abortion three theories are reviewed concerning the beginning of foetal life elaborated by ancient doctors. According to the first one the life of the embryo begins at conception. According to the second one it starts in the moment of birth, with the first breath. According to the third one it begins somewhere between the previous two, at a time difficult to determine, when the foetus starts to move. Then the methods used for abortion are listed and the plant ingredients of the medicines given per os receive special treatment. Identifying the individual plants is sometimes very difficult, but with the joint application of methods from pharmacobotanics, medicine and philology all the plants could be identified convincingly. About 70 % of plant alkaloids can be considered to be effective. Interestingly the same proportion can be observed in the Corpus Hippocraticum as well, though the plants used by Soranus are identical only in part with the hippocratic material. In the chapter The wandering womb an ancient theory is discussed according to which the reason of hysterical dyspnoea is that the womb (hystera), as an autonomous animal is wandering in the woman’s body and it attacks her various organs. The ‘treatment’ methods which served to force the womb back to its original place are also described. Soranus rejects this theory. According to him the womb is anatomically incapable of leaving its place, therefore such a wandering cannot be the cause for a hysterical fit. In the chapter entitled The origins of the calendar method it is demonstrated that ancient medicine recognised the menstrual cycle of women from the 5th century B.C. and also that they knew that some periods in the cycle were fertile and some were not. Strangely they thought that the days immediately preceding bleeding and the days following it were the most fertile, thus they considered the middle of the cycle to be infertile. Soranus also shared this view. It is supposed in the dissertation that menstruation was compared to bitches being on heat, which is indeed the fertile period for dogs. This idea could play a part in the ancient custom that women were often compared to dogs mainly on moral grounds and always with a negative [email protected]
The Magical Fomula on a Lost Uterine Amulet
No full textThe article tries to reconstruct the inscription of a magical gem found in 1883 in Torontál which went lost by now. For this reconstructive work I used other gem inscriptions and also other magical papyri and lead tablets in order to compare the two types of texts. The inscription contains the Soroor-logos and the Gigantorekta barophita-logos as well. The gem and the inscription together were used for the protection of the uterus
Healing kitchen
No full textThe paper examines what kind of cooking materials (honey, vinegar wine, garlic etc.) were used in ancient healing as well. Besides, on the basis of the "pharmacobotanical researches" it investigates whether the ingredients, which can be found in the recipies of Soranus could be effective.The paper examines what kind of cooking materials (honey, vinegar wine, garlic etc.) were used in ancient healing as well. Besides, on the basis of the "pharmacobotanical researches" it investigates whether the ingredients, which can be found in the recipies of Soranus could be effective
ÉLET-TUDOMÁNY-TÖRTÉNET: TUDOMÁNY, INFORMÁCIÓ, MEDIALITÁS Egy terminológiai tévedés története = The history of a terminological misunderstanding
Full text linkA DSM 5 osztályozása alapján a pica (megkívánás, sóvárgás) a Táplálkozási és étkezési zavarok (307.52; F98.3; F50.8) osztályába tartozik. A diagnózis szerint a pica ) fogyasztásra nem alkalmas, nem tápláló anyagok állandó fogyasztása, amely egy hónapon túl is fennáll; 2) az egyén fejlődési szintjének nem megfelelő, fogyasztásra nem alkalmas, nem tápláló anyagok evése; 3) olyan táplálkozási magatartás, amely nem része a kulturálisan vagy szociális támogatott normatív gyakorlatnak; 4) olyan étkezési zavar, amely egyéb mentális zavarban (pl. szellemi fogyatékosság [szellemi fejlődési zavar]), autizmus spektrumzavar, skrizofénia) vagy bizonyos orvosi állapotban (beleértve a terhességet) jelenik meg, és kellően súlyos ahhoz, hogy indokolja a további klinikai beavatkozást (DSM-5, Feeding and eating disorder). Gyermek-, serdülő- és felnőttkorban férfiaknál és nőknél egyaránt előfordulhat. Csecsemő- és gyermekkori étkezési zavarról akkor beszélünk, ha a fogyasztásra nem alkalmas anyagok evése (föld, kavics, haj, homok, ürülék, kréta, radír, stb.) több mint egy hónap után is fennáll
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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