1,720,959 research outputs found
: Denial and Emotions in Institutional Stability and Change
No full textWhile there has been increased attention to emotions and institutions, the
role of denial and repression of emotions has been overlooked. We argue
that not only the expression and the feeling of emotions, but also their
control through denial contribute to stabilize institutional orders. The
role denial plays is that of avoiding the emergence of disruptive emotions
that might motivate a challenge to the status quo. Reflecting on the
example of the livestock industry, we propose a theoretical model that
identifies seeds for change in denied emotional contradictions in an integration of the cultural-relational and issue-based conceptions of organizational fields
The Hidden Paths of Category Research: Climbing new heights and slippery slopes
Get PDFCategory research has flourished over the last decade. While this body of work has prioritized the behavioral and economic consequences of stable classification systems, the papers in this special issue challenge this orientation by highlighting the importance of category dynamics for improving our understanding of markets and fields. We show how these papers support the emergence of category maintenance, the recategorization of mature categories, and the consolidation of new categories as understudied phenomena and as the next research challenges to pursue. After connecting the main findings of the papers in this special issue into a unified process model, we discuss various alternative pathways to further explore those challenges. We also point to how this theoretical endeavor runs on slippery slopes and might lead to cul-de-sacs such as terminological balkanization. We conclude by highlighting the need for developing a more comprehensive understanding of category dynamics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Normal practice: The institutionalization of a professional activity
No full textThis study examines why the prevalence of a professional practice, cesarean sections, increased over a twenty year period. Today almost 1 in 4 babies born in the United States are delivered surgically compared to only 5.5% in 1970 (Placek and Taffel, 1988). Using organizational theory, three explanations for the diffusion of cesarean sections were examined: technical efficiency, i.e. adoption of the most efficient technology, institutionalization, i.e. adoption of practices in response to norms, and interest motivated institutionalization, i.e. adoption in response to norms reflecting self interests. To evaluate these three perspectives, a variety of types of data related to the increases in cesarean sections were examined.This study found both some support for and some evidence inconsistent with each of these perspectives. For example, clinical research indicating improved outcomes with cesarean delivery supported a technical efficiency perspective but evidence that the increases were greater than warranted by research did not. An institutional model was supported by article trends in the popular press consistent with the argument that the medical model had become more technologically oriented and cesareans more accepted by women. However, evidence that self interests impacted standard setting activities and that cesareans diffused slower to hospitals with incentives inconsistent with this trend supported an interest motivated institutional perspective instead of an institutional model. And an interest motivated institutional perspective was contradicted by the finding that for-profit hospitals did not drive the increase in cesarean sections.These contradictions were resolved by placing the increases in cesarean sections within its institutional context, the medical model of childbirth. Interests and technical efficiency criteria get played out within the institutional environment in which a practice is embedded. The movement to cesareans was consistent with the underlying assumptions of the medical model, its new emphasis on the fetus and technological intervention, and was supported by some evidence that the change was beneficial. Interests were able to impact the diffusion of cesareans only in ways that were consistent with the logic of this institutional framework. Within this framework, interests constrained but did not directly motivate the increase because to do so would not have been appropriate.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:50:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Look what’s back! Institutional complexity, reversibility and the knotting of logics
Get PDFThrough a comparative historical study of community pharmacy in the UK, Italy, Sweden and the USA, the authors examine what happens to institutional arrangements designed to resolve ongoing conflicts between institutional logics over extended periods of time. It is found that institutional arrangements can reflect the heterogeneity of multiple logics without resulting in hybridization or dominance. Because logics remain active, similar conflicts can reappear multiple times. It is found that the durability of the configurations of competing logics reflects the characteristics of the polities in which fields are embedded. The dominance of any societal institutional order leads to more stable field-level arrangements. The authors suggest that the metaphor of institutional knots and the related image of institutional knotting are useful to capture aspects of this dynamic and to foreground the discursive and material work that allows multiple logics to coexist in local arrangements with variable durability
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