12 research outputs found
Handling Time-varying Tsp Instances
No full textMultimodal optimization algorithms are being adapted to deal with dynamic optimization, mainly due to their ability to provide a faster reaction to unexpected changes in the optimization surface. The faster reaction may be associated with the existence of two important attributes in population-based algorithms devoted to multimodal optimization: simultaneous maintenance of multiple local optima in the population; and self-regulation of the population size along the search. The optimization surface may be subject to variations motivated by one of two main reasons: modification of the objectives to be fulfilled and change in parameters of the problem. An immuneinspired algorithm specially designed to deal with combinatorial optimization is applied here to solve time-varying TSP instances, with the cost of going from one city to the other being a function of time. The proposal presents favorable results when compared to the results produced by a high-performance ant colony optimization algorithm of the literature. © 2006 IEEE.28302837George, A.J.T., Gray, D., Receptor Editing During Affinity Maturation Imm. Today, 20 (4), p. 196Zhou, A., Kang, L., Yan, Z., Solving Dynamic TSP with Evolutionary Approach in Real Time (2003) Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2, pp. 951-957Berek, C., Ziegner, M., The Maturation of the Immune Response (1993) Imm. Today, 14 (8), pp. 400-402Blum, C., Dorigo, M., The Hyper-Cube Framework for Ant Colony Optimization (2004) IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part B, 2 (34), pp. 1161-1172Blum, C., Roli, A., Dorigo, M., HC-ACO: The Hyper-Cube Frame-work for Ant Colony Optimization (2001) Proceedings of Meta-Heuristics International Conference, 2, pp. 399-403Eyckelhof, C.J., Snoek, M., Ant Systems for a Dynamic TSP: Ants Caught in a Traffic Jam (2002) Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2463, pp. 88-99. , Proceedings of ANTS 2002, M. Dorigo, G. Di Caro, M. Samples EdsApplegate, D., Bixby, R., Chvátal, V., Cook, W., History - Solving Travelling Salesman Problem, , http://www.math.princeton.edu/tsp/histmain.html, Available on lineWhitley, D., Rana, S., Heckendorn, R.B., Island Model Genetic Algorithms and Linearly Separable Problems (1997) Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1305, pp. 109-125. , Proceedings of the AISB Workshop on Evolutionary Computation, D. Corne and J. L. Shapiro Edsde França, F.O., Bio-Inspired Algorithms applied to Dynamic Optimization (2005) Campinas: FEEC/Unicamp, , December, Master Dissertation, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, 139 p, In Portuguesede França, F.O., de Castro, L.N., Von Zuben, F.J., An Artificial Immune Network for Multimodal Function Optimization on Dynamic Environments (2005) Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp. 289-296de França, F.O., de Castro, L.N., Von Zuben, F.J., A Max Min Ant System Applied To The Capacitated Clustering Problem (2004) Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing, 1, pp. 755-764de França, F.O., de Castro, L.N., Von Zuben, F.J., Max Min Ant System and Capacitated p-MediansExtensions and Improved Solutions (2005) Informatica, 29 (2), pp. l63-171Glover, F.W., Kochenberger, G.A., (2002) Handbook of Metaheuristics, , Kluwer Academic PublishersHeller, I., The Travelling Salesmans Problem: Part 1 - Basic Facts (1954) Research Report, , George Washington University Logistics Research Projectde Sousa, J.S., Gomes, L.C.T., Bezerra, G.B., de Castro, L.N., Von Zuben, F.J., An Immune-Evolutionary Algorithm for Multiple Rearrangements of Gene Expression Data (2004) Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 5 (2), pp. 157-179L. N. de Castro and F. J. Von Zuben. aiNet: An Artificial Immune Network for Data Analysis, In Data Mining: A Heuristic Approach, H. A. Abbass, R. A. Sarker, and C. S. Newton (Eds.), Idea Group Publishing, USA, Chapter XII, 2001, pp. 231-259de Castro, L.N., Von Zuben, F.J., Learning and Optimization Using the Clonal Selection Principle (2002) IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 3 (6), pp. 239-251de Castro, L.N., Timmis, J., An Artificial Immune Network for Multimodal Function Optimization (2002) Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 1, pp. 699-674Dorigo, M., Optimization, Learning and Natural Algorithms (1992), Ph.D.Thesis, Politecnico di Milano, ItalyFarina, M., Deb, K., Amato, P., Dynamic Multiobjective Optimization Problems: Test Cases, Approximation, and Applications (2004) IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 8 (5), pp. 425-442. , OctoberGuntsch, M., Middendorf, M., Pheromone Modification Strategies for Ant Algorithms Applied to Dynamic TSP (2001) EvoWorkshops, pp. 213-222Guntsch, M., Middendorf, M., Schmeck, H., An Ant Colony Optimization Approach to Dynamic TSP (2001) Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp. 860-867Flood, M.M., The Traveling-Salesman Problem (1956) Operations Research, 4, pp. 61-75Jerne, N.K., Towards a Network Theory of the Immune System (1974) Ann. Immunol. (Inst. Pasteur), 125 C, pp. 373-389Nakaya, N., Yoshida, H., Miura, M., Genetic Approach to Dynamic Traveling Salesman Problem (2000) Proceedings of International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications, pp. 708-711Antia, R., Pilyugin, S.S., Ahmed, R., Models of Immune Memory: On the Role of Cross-Reactive Stimulation, Competition, and Homeostasis in Maintaining Immune Memory (1998) Proc. Nat. Ac. Sc. USA, 95 (25), pp. 14926-14931Lin, S., Kernighan, B.W., An Effective Heuristic Algorithm for the Travelling-Salesman Problem (1973) Operations Research, 21, pp. 498-516Stützle, T., Hoos, H.H., The MAX-MIN Ant System and Local Search for the Traveling Salesman Problem (1997) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 309-314TSPLIB, A., (1995) Traveling Salesman Problem Library, , http://www.iwr. uni-heidelberg.de/groups/comopt/soft/TSPLIB95/TSPLlB.htmlJin, Y., Branke, J., Evolutionary Optimization in Uncertain Environments - A Survey (2005) IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 9 (3), pp. 303-317Liu, Z., Kang, L., A Hybrid Algorithm of n-OPT and GA to Solve Dynamic TSP (2004) Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3033, pp. 1030-1033. , Proceedings of the Grid and Cooperative Computing, M. Li, X.-H. Sun, Q. Deng, J. Ni Ed
Functional outcomes of patients in ICU using the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool : an integrative review
No full textDATA AVAILABILITY : All the data that support the findings of our study can be
made available by the corresponding author, L.C.T., upon
reasonable request.BACKGROUND : Outcome measures can assess the change in the health status of a patient in
an intensive care unit (ICU). The Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment (CPAx) tool
is used to assess the functional outcomes to monitor patient progression or regression in
an ICU.
OBJECTIVES : Our study aimed to identify studies that assess the functional outcomes of patients
nursed in ICUs that use the CPAx tool.
METHOD : An integrative review framework was used. Data were analysed in five steps to
formulate a conclusion that aligned with the objective of our study. Data were extracted from
peer-reviewed articles published online between 2013 and 2022. Databases that were used
include Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and PubMed for reviewed
articles. Keywords were used in the search strategy, and screening of abstracts was done to
extract studies that met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS : We retrieved 41 studies, of which 11 matched the inclusion criteria. Data were
thematically arranged into studies measuring the validity and reliability of the CPAx tool,
using the CPAx tool to measure outcomes in the ICU, the tool used at ICU and hospital
discharge.
CONCLUSION : The use of the CPAx tool has no impact on measuring the hospital length of stay
or quality of life.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS : The tool is comprehensive and enhances the accuracy of patient
assessment.http://www.sajp.co.zaam2024PhysiotherapySDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein
Multiple Criteria Optimization Based On Unsupervised Learning And Fuzzy Inference Applied To The Vehicle Routing Problem
No full textThis paper presents a neuro-fuzzy system based on competitive learning to solve multiple criteria optimization problems. The proposed method promotes the simultaneous self-organization of several networks, employing unsupervised learning guided by a fuzzy rule base. The algorithm implements a policy of penalties and rewards, a strategy of neuron inhibition, insertion and pruning, and also takes into account certain statistical characteristics of the input space. A fuzzy inference system is designed to implement the decision making process under a multiobjective scenario, leading to an adaptive process of constraint relaxation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is attested by means of a series of computational simulations performed on standard data. In our simulations, we address two variants of the vehicle routing problem: the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) and the multiple traveling salesman problem (MTSP). There are a few works treating the vehicle routing problem by means of competitive learning. These approaches are briefly reviewed in this paper. We also present some improvements in the results of an implementation of tabu search by providing the solutions obtained by the neuro-fuzzy system as initial condition, showing that the proposed method can effectively produce satisfactory results when used in association with more dedicated approaches.1302/04/15143154Angéniol, B., Vaubois, C., Le Texier, J.Y., Self-organizing feature maps and the travelling salesman problem (1998) Neural Networks, 1, pp. 289-293Caprara, A., Fischetti, M., Branch-and-cut algorithms (1997) Annotated Bibliographies in Combinatorial Optimization, pp. 45-64. , M. Dell'Amico, F. Maffioli AND S. Martello, eds, WileyChristofides, N., Eilon, S., An algorithm for the vehicle dispatching problem (1969) Operational Research Quartely, 20, pp. 309-318Dantzig, G.B., Ramser, R.H., The truck dispatching problem (1959) Management Science, 6, pp. 80-91De Castro, L.N., Timmis, J., (2002) Artificial Immune Systems: A New Computational Intelligence Approach, , Springer-VerlagDorigo, M., Di Caro, G., Ant algorithms for discrete optimization (1999) Artificial Life, 2 (5), pp. 137-172Fogel, D.B., (1995) Evolutionary Computation: Toward a New Philosophy of Machine Intelligence, , IEEE PressGarey, M.R., Johnson, D., (1979) Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-completeness, , FreemanGhaziri, H., Solving routing problems by a self-organizing map (1991) Artificial Neural Networks, pp. 829-834. , T. Kohonen, K. Makisara, O. Simula and J. Kangas, edsGlover, F., Laguna, M., (1997) Tabu Search, , Kluwer Academic PublishersGlover, F., Kochenberger, G.A., (2002) Handbook of Metaheuristics, , Kluwer Academic PublishersGomes, L.C.T., Von Zuben, F.J., A heuristic method based on unsupervised learning and fuzzy inference for the vehicle routing problem (2002) Proc. of VII Brazilian Symposium on Neural Networks, pp. 130-135Gong, D., Gen, M., Yamazaki, G., Xu, W., Neural network approach for general assignment problem (1995) Proc. of International Conference on Neural Networks, 4, pp. 1861-1866Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R.C., Shi, Y., (2001) Swarm Intelligence, , Morgan Kaufmann PublishersKirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C.D., Vecchi, M.P., Optimization by simulated annealing (1983) Science, 4598 (220), pp. 671-680Kohonen, T., (1997) Self-organizing Maps, (2nd Ed.), , Springer VerlagMatsuyama, Y., Harmonic competition: A self-organizing multiple criteria optimization (1996) IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 7 (3), pp. 652-668Modares, A., Somhom, S., Enkawa, T., A self-organizing neural network approach for multiple traveling salesman and vehicle routing problems (1999) Int. Transactions in Operational Research, 6, pp. 591-606Nemhauser, G.L., Wolsey, L.A., (1988) Integer and Combinatorial Optimization, , John Wiley and SonsSmith, K.A., Neural networks for combinatorial optimization: A review of more than a decade of research (1999) INFORMS Journal on Computing, 11 (1), pp. 15-34Toth, P., Vigo, D., (2002) The Vehicle Routing Problem, , Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM)Vakhutinsky, A.I., Golden, B.L., Solving vehicle routing problems using elastic nets (1994) Proc. of IEEE Int. Conf. on Neural Networks, 7, pp. 4535-4540Zadeh, L.A., Fuzzy sets (1965) Inform. Control, 8, pp. 338-35
Peixes recifais de ocorrência no Brasil: ameaças, atributos bioecológicos e percepção humana para a conservação
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Florianópolis, 2010Intensos impactos aos ecossistemas recifais como mudanças climáticas, poluição, doenças e sobreexplotação, ameaçam a biodiversidade destes ambientes, como a ictiofauna recifal. Espécies cujas populações encontram-se sob risco de extinção são indentificadas em listas vermelhas, importantes ferramentas utilizadas globalmente para a conservação de espécies. Entretanto, apesar do ritmo alarmante em que espécies são adicionadas à estes inventários, em muitos locais os dados são insuficientes para avaliar o status de conservação de espécies. Neste contexto, o Conhecimento Ecológico Local (CEL) daqueles que interagem com o recurso como pescadores artesanais e peixes recifais constitui importante fonte de informações. Todavia, o CEL de pescadores e sua percepção ambiental pode estar sujeito à mudanças graduais de referencial (Shifting baseline syndrome), devendo ser investigado. Buscamos por espécies de peixes recifais brasileiros na lista vermelha global da IUCN, nacional do MMA e inventários regionais. Investigamos os atributos bioecológicos e os principais impactos sobre populações de peixes recifais brasileiros, contrastanto espécies ameaçadas e não-ameaçadas em nossas análises. Trinta e seis espécies de peixes recifais encontram-se sob risco de extinção, citadas por seis inventários. As principais ameaçadas à estas espécies incluem sobrepesca, perda de hábitat, by-catch e o comércio ornamental. A interação entre estes impactos e atributos bioecológicos de peixes recifais os torna ainda mais vulneráveis à mudanças ambientais. Nossas análises revelaram que espécies de tamanho corpóreo grande, macrocarnívoros, endêmicas, espécies com reversão sexual e Elasmobrânquios são as espécies de peixes recifais brasileiros.mais vulneráveis. Espécies das famílias Epinephelidae e Lutjanidae correspondem à 27.7% (n=11) da ictiofauna recifal ameaçada. Entrevistamos 53 pescadores de comunidades do entorno do Parque Muncipal Marinho do Recife de Fora (50 anos) em relação a oito espécies de peixes recifais ameaçadas. Pescadores com mais de 50 anos reconheceram maior número de espécies como sobreexplotadas (x=3.36±3.88) quando comparados aos mais jovens (50 years) regarding eight threatened reef fish species conservation status. Fishermen older than 50 years were able to recognize a greater number of species as overharvested (x=3.36±3.88) when compared to younger fishers (<50 years; x=1.86±0.81). Shifting perspectives were also evident when contrasting fishers of different age categories and the greater fish of each species ever caught: older fishermen caught larger fish back in the old days, and the biggest fish are scarce. It is alarming that among threatened Brazilian reef fishes only nine are recognized by federal authorities as endangered. A reassessment of the national list and management measures of currently listed species are urgent
Distribuição espacial de fezes de bovinos em sistema silvipastoril e em convencional: estudo de caso no noroeste do Paraná
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Florianópolis, 2009.Os sistemas silvipastoris (SSPs) estão sendo amplamente adotados por agricultores do noroeste paranaense, região pecuária mais importante do Estado, onde a introdução desses sistemas alternativos de produção está baseada principalmente nas necessidades de redução do desconforto térmico dos animais e diminuição da degradação dos solos da região. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a distribuição espacial das fezes depositadas por bovinos em um sistema silvipastoril e um sistema convencional (pastagem não arborizada), em condições representativas do noroeste do Paraná. O trabalho foi conduzido em uma propriedade familiar, onde foi utilizado um piquete com pastagem arborizada, composto pela forrageira Megatyirsus maximus cv. Tanzania e por renques de árvores de Grevillea robusta, dispostos em curvas de nível, espaçados 20/25 metros entre renques e 5 metros entre árvores, e outro piquete com pastagem não arborizada (convencional) composto pela forrageira Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça, no município de Tapejara, região noroeste do Estado do Paraná. Foram utilizadas no experimento, 35 vacas leiteiras de predominância racial Girolando, que foram colocadas nos piquetes alternando-se os dias, durante 12 dias, compreendendo seis ocupações em cada piquete. Os piquetes foram subdivididos em quadrantes de 20x20m (400m²), onde após cada ocupação foi contado e registrado o número de fezes em cada quadrante. Também foram instaladas 20 parcelas de 10x10m (100 m²) no SSP, sendo 10 parcelas sob os renques de árvore e 10 entre os renques arbóreos, onde também foi feita a contagem das fezes dos bovinos. A comparação da distribuição das fezes entre os dois piquetes foi feita através do cálculo do Índice de Dispersão, que mostra se a distribuição ocorreu de forma agregada, aleatória ou uniforme na pastagem. Os resultados mostraram que as fezes dos bovinos foram melhores distribuídas no sistema silvipastoril (SSP) do que na pastagem não arborizada (PANA), onde no SSP após as seis ocupações dos animais, a distribuição ocorreu de forma uniforme na pastagem. Na PANA, houve concentração das fezes, acarretando em uma distribuição agregada das fezes na pastagem, onde 58% do total de fezes foram depositadas em uma área muito restrita do piquete, que corresponde a apenas 13,84% da área total. Analisando as deposições das fezes dos bovinos entre os renques e sob os renques de árvores, foi observado que houve maior deposição sob os renques, ou seja, em baixo das copas das árvores, que recebeu 64% das fezes, enquanto que 36% das fezes foram depositadas entre os renques de árvores. As árvores afetam o comportamento dos animais, o que fez com que a distribuição espacial das fezes ocorresse de forma mais homogênea na pastagem, sendo de suma importância na ciclagem de nutrientes e fertilidade do solo, uma vez que grandes quantidades de nutrientes ingeridos pelos animais através do consumo de forragem retornam ao solo através das fezes
Distribuição espacial e abundância de caranguejos (Decapoda: Brachyura e Anomura) em costões rochosos na Costa de Santa Catarina
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Curso de Ciências Biológicas
Valor nutritivo do bagaço de cevada como aditivo em silagem de milho
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Curso de Zootecnia.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de bagaço de cevada sobre a composição química, digestibilidade in vitro da MS e perfil fermentativo de silagens de milho. Os tratamentos foram: 0%, 15%, 30%, 45% de bagaço de cevada em substituição à silagem de milho, distribuídos num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os ingredientes foram armazenados em minisilos experimentais, confeccionados em canos de PVC de 500 mm de altura e 150 mm de diâmetro. A seguir, cada silo foi fechado e após 90 dias de estocagem foram abertos para a coleta de amostras. Parte das amostras, após secas foram moídas e encaminhadas para análise da composição química. Outra parte, foi prensada para extração do suco da silagem e determinação do pH. Uma terceira parte foi congelada e posteriormente preparada para determinação do Nitrogênio amoniacal. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as equações de regressão, quando significativas, foram estimadas utilizando o procedimento CORR (SAS, 2008). Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,01) entre as médias de matéria seca, matéria mineral, matéria orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e pH do material ensilado nos diferentes tratamentos. A adição de bagaço à silagem proporcionou efeito linear crescente para os teores de proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. A análise de regressão indicou efeito linear decrescente (P<0,01) dos níveis de bagaço de cevada sobre os teores de fibra em detergente ácido, carboidratos não fibrosos, digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e nutrientes digestíveis totais das silagens com inclusão do bagaço. Para os teores de N-NH3 a análise de regressão indicou efeito cúbico (P<0,01) e os teores se mantiveram na faixa desejável. A adição de bagaço de cevada refletiu positivamente sobre os teores de EE e PB. A inclusão do resíduo não influenciou significativamente os teores de MS, MO, FDN, e pH, entretanto, proporcionou efeito decrescente para as frações de FDN, CNF, DIVMS e NDT . Sugere-se a inclusão de até 15% do subproduto em silagem de milho
Diagnóstico de unidades produtoras de leite no Planalto Norte Catarinense: o caso da SISCLAF-PLAN
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Florianópolis, 2015.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um diagnóstico das unidades produtoras de leite pertencentes a SISCLAF-PLAN, de acordo com suas características socioeconômicas, produtivas e de manejo de rebanho e pastagens. O estudo foi desenvolvido em 59 estabelecimentos rurais distribuídos na região do planalto norte do estado de Santa Catarina, durante junho e julho de 2013 e janeiro e fevereiro de 2014. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise estatística multivariada - ACM. A partir das variáveis que se apresentaram como significativas (P Abstract : The present study goal was a typify productive units of milk belonging to SISCLAF ?PLAN, of the agreement with their features socioeconomic , production and herd management and pastures. The study was conducted on 59 farms distributed in the northern plateau region of the state of Santa Catarina, in june and july of 2013 and January and february of 2014. The data was subjected to multivariate statistical analysis - MVA . Four main groups of dairy farmers were identified from the variables that were found to be significant (P <0.05). Rudimentary group: covers 16 properties, with less specialized production units. Producers are aged between 36-55 years; The predominant labor is family-based with (2) persons managing the activity; These production units have lower monthly incomes from milk (up to R0.81-R 6,000.00; They control production costs and receive the highest price paid for the milk liter, more than R1,501.00 to R1,501.00 to R$ 3,000.00; They have dairy production as the main activity of the properties; Regarding financial control, few properties manage control of production costs; Many properties already do insemination; This classification allowed to characterize in more detail the predominant groups in the region, as well as made possible to identify bottlenecks and opportunities regarding the management of the dairy activity in each group. Therefore concluded that?s a heterogeneity between milk producers belonging to SISCLAF ?PLAN, wherever the rudimentary group and Initial Transition group is most vulnerable in the Economic viewpoint. The tobacco farming is still significantly present among the producers of the region
Morphology Of The Male Reproductive System And Spermatozoa In Centris Fabricius, 1804 (hymenoptera: Apidae, Centridini)
No full textThe genera Centris and Epicharis constitute the Centridini and are widely distributed in the Neotropical region. Centris is also found in the southern portion of the Neartic region, although both genera are more abundant in the humid tropical regions. To describe the structure of the male reproductive system and spermatozoa, light and transmission electron microscopy were used. The male reproductive system of Centris sp. is formed by a pair of testes, a pair of deferent ducts, a pair of seminal vesicles, a pair of accessory glands and an ejaculatory duct connected to the external genitalia, the aedeagus. In this species, testes and the pre-vesicular deferens ducts as well as the seminal vesicles are encapsulated in a single conjunctive capsule, the scrotal membrane. Each testis consists of four testicular follicles, made up of cysts with up to 64 germinative cells. Histologically, the seminal vesicles are formed by a simple cylindrical epithelium, basal membrane and muscular tunic. The spermatozoa of Centris analis, C. fuscata, C. tarsata and Centris sp. are morphologically similar. They have two easily distinguishable regions: the head and flagellum. The head is formed by the two-layer acrosome, the linear nucleus and the flagellum, the centriole adjunct, the axoneme of pattern 9. +. 9. +. 2 microtubules, two asymmetric mitochondrial derivatives and two accessory bodies. These Centris species share various morphological characteristics of the male reproductive system and spermatozoa with the other bees previously described, indicating that several characteristics are synapomorphic for the family Apidae. Studies on the morphology of the male reproductive system and spermatozoa in Hymenoptera have demonstrated the diversity of the information provided by these reproductive structures, which can be used in taxonomy studies and the phylogeny of this important group of insects. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.436695704Araújo, V.A., Zama, U., Neves, C.A., Dolder, H., Lino-Neto, J., Ultrastructural, histological and histochemical characteristics of the epithelial wall of the seminal vesicle of mature Scaptotrigona xanthotricha Moure males (Hymenoptera Apidae, Meliponini) (2005) Braz. J. Morphol. Sci., 22, pp. 129-137Araújo, V.A., Zama, U., Neves, C.A., Dolder, H., Lino-Neto, J., Seminal vesicle in Meliponini: passive organ to storage spermatozoa? (2005) Braz. J. Morphol. Sci., 22, pp. 181-182Araújo, V.A., Zama, U., Dolder, H., Lino-Neto, J., Morphology and ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of Scaptotrigona xanthotricha Moure (Hymenoptera Apidae. Meliponini) (2005) Braz. J. Morphol. 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