130,552 research outputs found
The Right of Resistance as a State Law Basis for Transnational Regimes Self-Contestation
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A proposal for categorizing non uniform DIF in polytomous items
No full textDifferential item functioning (DIF) is present when something about the characteristics of a test taker interferes with the relationship between ability and item responses. Nonuniform DIF exists when there is interaction between ability level and group membership. The aim of the present study proposes a classification of nonuniform DIF severity grade, taking into account the family of Rasch models
Societal Constitutionalism: Background, Theory, Debates
No full textThe paper provides an outline and systematisation of societal constitutionalism (SC), one of the main frameworks emerged in contemporary legal theory to analyse constitutional phenomena. After a general introduction in section A, section B recalls SC’s theoretical background, namely the Economic Constitution (B.I), legal pluralism (B.II), systems theory (B.III), and the work of David Sciulli (B.IV). Section C explains SC’s analytical limb, which on the one hand de-constructs some tenets of state-centred constitutionalism (C.I); and on the other hand individuates the functions, arenas, processes, and structures of a constitutionalised system (C.II). Section D turns to SC’s normative limb, pointing to some legal policy proposals, aimed at the increase of social systems’ capacities of self-limitation (D.I); and at the development of a law of inter-systemic collisions (D.II). Section E concludes addressing some of the main competing approaches and criticisms, namely those coming from the proponents of state-centred constitutionalism (E.I); of international/global constitutionalism (E.II); and of contestatory/material constitutionalism (E.III)
The Right of Resistance as a State Law Basis for Transnational Regimes Self-Contestation
No full textIn section I of this article, the progressive neutralization/de-politicization of the right of resistance, from Middle Ages to modern constitutional States, is succintly recalled. Section II further analyses the positivization of the right of resistance in contemporary constitutions, and describes it as a necessary paradox for modern constitutional orders (and theory). In section III the positive law provisions concerning the right of resistance are analysed in their dynamic value, i.e. in their functions of self-subversion for legal orders. Sections IV and V put this theoretical framework in the broader context of globalization processes, where the right of resistance – as positivized in State constitutions – may serve as a legal basis for lato sensu contestatory practices. In this way, it could be understood as a tool of (internal) re-politicization of the normative systems of un-limited transnational actors, regimes and communicative processes. Thus, the (positivization of the) right of resistance may perform two functions at the same time: on the one hand, a conservative function for States political orders, where it may serve as a defence against un-limited powers and communicative processes; on the other hand, a constitutionalizing pressure towards transnational regimes’ internal operations, where it may serve as tool of self-contestation and democratic legitimation
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The effects of twodimensionality on pipe transient modeling
No full textThe paper discusses the rapid damping of pressure peaks in a water-hammer phenomenon after the end of a complete valve-closure maneuver. This effect is due to flow characteristics not considered when one-dimensional models are employed. Such an effect is linked to the cross-sectional velocity profiles, and therefore to the intrinsic two-dimensionality of the flow field. Applying a 2-0 model, recently proposed in the literature, to expand the limited experimental data available with numerical results, useful information on the evolution of the velocity profiles during a transient has been obtained. Starting from an in-depth inspection of the terms in the momentum equation, an additional term is introduced to mode I the effects of
the flow-field two-dimensionality in a l-D formulation. Finally, the adequacy of a relationship previously proposed by the writers to evaluate the additional term is specifically showed for fast transients in the field of low-Reynolds-number flows when no cavitation occurs, even if its validity has been prove n elsewhere for rather different conditions
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