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Pemikiran tasawuf sistem lathaif menurut Robert Frager: Robert Frager’s perspective on lathaif system in sufism (نظام اللطائف في التفكير التصوفي) لروبرت فراجر
Full text linkPara ahli menamai era ini dengan istilah abad kecemasan (The Age of anxiety). Hal ini dikarenakan pada abad ini lahir sejumlah kekacauan, peperangan antar etnis, antar suku ataupun antara Negara dan terus berlangsung, belum lagi masalah ekonomi yang menimpa berbagai negara di belahan dunia, peningkatan penduduk yang yang jauh lebih pesat dari sebelumnya, kemudian dampak dari peperangan yang melahirkan kebudayaan yang penuh akan kekerasan serta melonjaknya para pengungsi akibat perang, dan juga pandemi covid-19 yang melanda dunia hari ini, menjadi latar belakang lahirnya berbagai permasalahan social, ekonomi dan politik.
Untuk terbebas dari belenggu yang mengurung manusia dalam alam materi saat ini, yang hanya menyajikan kenikmatan semu dan terbatas pada sebuah banyang-bayang kenikmatan yang hakiki. Manusia harus dapat mendaki sebuah anak tangga spiritual dengan harapan dapat melepas diri dari berbagai batasan biologis-psikologis-dan fisiknya. Melihat pentingnya usaha pendakian spiritual dalam menghadapi abad kecemasan pada saat ini, maka pengalaman spiritual seorang sufi sebagai tokoh spiritual menarik untuk dikaji ataupun diteliti. Tradisi perjalanan spiritual seorang sufi yang kian hari kian mengakar dalam kebudayaan umat manusia, menjadi pembelajaran tersendiri bagi manusia itu sendiri. Melalui berbagai peninggalan yang ditinggalkan oleh seorang sufi, baik itu bentuk meditasi, cara, dan metode ritual yang ditawarkannya untuk mendekatkan hati dengan sang pencipta dapat dijadikan sebuah pembelajaran bagi yang hendak mengikuti jalan tersebut. Ajaran sufi yang berkembang hingga saat ini merupakan tradisi multikultural bagi manusia, ia tidak terikat oleh satu ras, keyakinan, atau budaya, tradisi tersebut menjadi tradisi universal yang bisa diikuti oleh seluruh masyarakat dunia.
Sebagai seorang Profesor Psikologi dan juga syekh sufi, Robert Frager memandang psikologi spiritual sufi sebagai sebuah disiplin ilmu dengan memiliki titik berat pada pemahaman perihal berbagai tindakan hati. Ia menggambarkan dengan sistematis bagaimana sufi melakukan perjalanan spiritual yang dibangun melalui berbagai bentuk ajaran dan tradisi peninggalan leluhur serta dengan keadaan atau pengalaman pribadinya dalam menempuh jalan sufi. Tasawuf dalam pandangan Frager merupakan sebuah usaha manusia untuk dapat mendaki hirarki kejiwaan melalui sebuah pendekatan holistik, di mana terdapat sebuah integrasi di dalamnya, antara jiwa, pshikis, dan fisik. Kemudian melalui integrasi tiga konsep dasar dalam diri manusia inilah dijadikan sebagai konsep dasar dalam tasawuf transformatif, di mana setiap konsep dasar tersebut memiliki tingkatan hierarki dalam diri manusia untuk mencapai sebuah keseimbangan dan kesempurnaan manusia. Ringkasnya, tema Sistem lathaif dalam perspektif tasawuf transformative inilah yang menjadi pendakian dan pembebasan spiritual yang dapat kita ungkapkan, bila hendak mendalami berbagai jenis rumusan teoritis tasawuf (konsep dasar tasawuf transformatif). Maka dalam konteks ini tergambar jelas bahwa pembahasan pengalaman mistik/spiritual sejati memiliki keterkaitan dengan tema pendakian tingkatan struktur spiritual manusia. Hal inilah mejadi latar belakang dari penulisan proposal i
EFEKTIVITAS PRE-FABRICATED VERTICAL DRAINS KOMBINASI PRE-FABRICATED HORIZONTAL DRAINS DALAM PROSES KONSOLIDASI LEMPUNG LUNAK
Full text linkPermasalahan yang ditemukan sebelum mendirikan bangunan diatas tanah lunak yang sangat tebal adalah penurunan tanah yang akan terjadi sangat besar serta membutuhkan waktu yang sangat lama untuk mencapai konsolidasi lebih dari 90%. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, umumnya menggunakan vertikal drain (PVD), tujuan dari pemasangan vertikal drain ini adalah untuk mempercepat proses konsolidasi dengan memperpendek lintasan pengaliran air pori di dalam tanah.
Untuk mengetahui besar penurunan dan waktu konsolidasi yang diperlukan, dilakukan analisis manual menurut teori konsolidasi satu dimensi Terzaghi dengan menggabungkan pola dan jarak pada pemasangan vertikal drain. Sebagai akibat dari penurunan maka dilakukan penimbunan agar tidak terjadi perbedaan ketinggian tanah pada areal yang sama.Hasil yang didapatkan dari perhitungan manual dengan menggunakan dan tanpa menggunakan vertikal drain adalah berupa waktu yang diperlukan dan besarnya penurunan total yang akan terjadi selama proses konsolidasi, serta jumlah kebutuhan bahan vertikal drain, untuk pola segitiga dan pola bujur sangkar.
Kata kunci : penurunan, konsolidasi, vertikal drai
PSIKOLOGI ISLAMI (Sebuah Pendekatan Alternatif Terhadap Teori-teori Psikologi)
No full textSecular psychology has undergone an out of ideas in understanding the attitude and the uniqueness of human being. According to this psychology, all of human attitudes stand on physical-psychological, educational, and social-cultural dimentions, so that it is not able to answer the deepest aspect of transcendent human attitudes. Islamic psychology offers an integral concept based on revelation on the uniqueness of human being by studying the structure of man, namely what we called latha’if consist of nafs, qalb, aql, and ruh. These four components moved various potentials of man. Therefore, without abolishing the discoveries of seculer psychology, the perception of Islamic psychology was built based on Quranic verses, painted in the universe (afaq) and written in the human itself (nafsani). Islamic psychology has to be seen as an effort to open the sacret of divine laws (sunnatullah) in the human being itself (nafsani verses), to study and to discover various pillars, elements, processes, functions and laws on the psychological aspects of human being
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
PENGARUH SALAT DUHA TERHADAP KETENANGAN JIWA PADA MAHASISWA TINGKAT AKHIR (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Program Beasiswa Santri Berprestasi Angkatan 2015 Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung)
No full textStudents of Achievement Santri Scholarship Program which is then abbreviated as PBSB is a student who gets a scholarship in the form of funding during the education process both in the form of college funding and providing assistance for daily life. According to the researchers\u27 assumptions, PBSB students are more prone to anxiety than other students because they are burdened with demands to graduate on time by the state. This study aims to determine the intensity of the implementation of the students \u27prayer, to know the condition of students\u27 peace of mind, and the effect of the implementation of the prayer of the students on the peace of mind of the 2015 PBSB students of Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University, Bandung. The purpose of the holding of this research is expected to be able to add new insights in the development of Sufistic spiritual psychotherapy, as a new reference for the world of psychotherapy regarding the improvement of mental tranquility through duha prayer. Duha prayer is one of the sunnah prayers whose implementation starts when the sun rises until the noon time has arrived. The minimum number of rakaat duha prayers is two rak\u27ahs and the most they can (Yazid, 2014). While people who are calm souls are people who have regularity and harmony in the functions of their souls, able to solve various problems of living with a person who has confidence, courage in undergoing life\u27s challenges and can adjust to their environment (Zakiah, 1982). The method that I use in this research is a quantitative method with correlative study design. The process of collecting data in this study is by distributing questionnaires (questionnaire) online to the respondents. The data that has been obtained is then processed into numbers through the IBM SPSS Statistics 24 application. After going through the process of analyzing data obtained by the author in the field, it can be revealed that: 1) The intensity of the implementation of the Duha Prayer for 2015 PBSB students of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung is 73% of the criteria determined in the study. 2) The peace of mind of PBSB UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung students reached 73% of the categories determined by the author in the study. 3) Duha prayer has a good influence on the peace of mind of the 2015 PBSB students of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, reaching 50.2%, while the rest is influenced by other aspects outside the study. This research data shows that; the better the intensity of the implementation of the duha prayer the more calm the student\u27s soul is, and the worse the intensity of the implementation of the duha student prayer the more uneasy the student\u27s soul
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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