393 research outputs found
Improving the Memory through Singing Method of Children Ages 5 - 6 Years in Kindergarten Insan Pandhega
No full textThe problem in this study was that 48% of children had difficulty remembering their parents 'full names, 72% of children did not remember the full address of their residence, and 100% of children did not remember their parents' telephone numbers. This study aims to develop children's memory of their important personal identity through singing methods. This type of research is classroom action research by model Kemmis and Mc. Taggart. This research was carried out in the Kindergarten Insan Pandhega with a total subject of 25 children, consisting of 11 girls and 14 boys. The object of this research is the singing method. The technique of collecting children's memory data is done by non-formal test techniques, namely writing important information that describes the child's memory. Furthermore, the data is processed to obtain a memory percentage value of children categorized into: undeveloped, developing, developing well, developing very well. This study was successful if the memory of children who reached the criteria of developing well and developing very well reached more than 75%. The study was conducted in two cycles. Overall, the average memory of children in the first cycle which is in the well-developed and developing category is 36%. Whereas in the second cycle the average memory of children in the well-developed and very well-developed category was 80%
MEMBANGUN PENGETAHUAN ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI PERMAINAN KONSTRUKTIF BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF TEORI PIAGET
Get PDFAbstractKnowledge is important in the child development process because knowledge is the basis of attitudes and self skills formation . Familiarizing children to build their own knowledge early can make them capable for finding ideas to solve problems, having good self-confidence and initiative. Children are active beings who can build their own knowledge through play. When playing, child exploring, finding and utilizing the objects around them to be meaningful. Exploring objects enable the assimilation and accommodation process occur in forming new schemes. Constructive play is one of the game that is exploring objects. By constructive play it is possible for the child to acquire knowledge through assimilation and accommodation process, so the game can help the child form a new scheme based on the experience as well as generate knowledge.Keywords: Knowledge, Constructive Play, Piaget Theor
Childhood socioeconomic position and objectively measured physical capability levels in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDF<p><b>Background:</b> Grip strength, walking speed, chair rising and standing balance time are objective measures of physical capability that characterise current health and predict survival in older populations. Socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood may influence the peak level of physical capability achieved in early adulthood, thereby affecting levels in later adulthood. We have undertaken a systematic review with meta-analyses to test the hypothesis that adverse childhood SEP is associated with lower levels of objectively measured physical capability in adulthood.</p>
<p><b>Methods and Findings:</b> Relevant studies published by May 2010 were identified through literature searches using EMBASE and MEDLINE. Unpublished results were obtained from study investigators. Results were provided by all study investigators in a standard format and pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. 19 studies were included in the review. Total sample sizes in meta-analyses ranged from N = 17,215 for chair rise time to N = 1,061,855 for grip strength. Although heterogeneity was detected, there was consistent evidence in age adjusted models that lower childhood SEP was associated with modest reductions in physical capability levels in adulthood: comparing the lowest with the highest childhood SEP there was a reduction in grip strength of 0.13 standard deviations (95% CI: 0.06, 0.21), a reduction in mean walking speed of 0.07 m/s (0.05, 0.10), an increase in mean chair rise time of 6% (4%, 8%) and an odds ratio of an inability to balance for 5s of 1.26 (1.02, 1.55). Adjustment for the potential mediating factors, adult SEP and body size attenuated associations greatly. However, despite this attenuation, for walking speed and chair rise time, there was still evidence of moderate associations.</p>
<p><b>Conclusions:</b> Policies targeting socioeconomic inequalities in childhood may have additional benefits in promoting the maintenance of independence in later life.</p>
A meta-analysis on the malleability of automatic gender stereotypes
No full textThis meta-analytic review examined the efficacy of interventions aimed at reducing automatic gender stereotypes. Such interventions included attentional distraction, salience of within-category heterogeneity, and stereotype suppression. A small but significant main effect (g?=?.32) suggests that these interventions are successful but that their scope is limited. The intervention main effect was moderated by publication status, sample nationality, and intervention type. The meta-analytic findings suggest several issues worthy of further investigation, such as whether (a) other categories of intervention not yet identified or tested could be more effective, (b) suppression necessarily produces ironic effects in automatic stereotyping, (c) various indirect measures are differentially sensitive to stereotype change, and (d) automatic stereotypes about men differ in their malleability from those about women.<br/
Heme iron from meat and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and a review of the mechanisms involved
Get PDFRed meat and processed meat intake is associated with a risk of colorectal cancer, a major cause of death in affluent countries. Epidemiological and experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that heme iron present in meat promotes colorectal cancer. This meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of colon cancer reporting heme intake included 566,607 individuals and 4,734 cases of colon cancer. The summary relative risk of colon cancer was 1.18 [95%C.I.: 1.06-1.32] for subjects in the highest category of heme iron intake compared with those in the lowest category. Epidemiological data thus show a suggestive association between dietary heme and risk of colon cancer. The analysis of experimental studies in rats with chemically-induced colon cancer showed that dietary hemoglobin and red meat consistently promote aberrant crypt foci, a putative pre-cancer lesion. The mechanism is not known, but heme iron has a catalytic effect on (i) the endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds and (ii) the formation of cytotoxic and genotoxic aldehydes by lipoperoxidation. A review of evidence supporting these hypotheses suggests that both pathways are involved in heme iron toxicit
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA AUDIOVISUAL GURU TRIGUNTAR DALAM MEMBANGUN MOTIVASI BELAJAR MANDIRI MATEMATIKA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR
Get PDFTujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur tingkat kelayakan media Audiovisual Guru Triguntar sebagai media pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar, serta mendeskripsikan perkembangan motivasi belajar mandiri anak melalui pemanfaatan media Audiovisual Guru Triguntar. Prosedur pengembangan media mengikuti model ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahap, yaitu: analysis, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation. Sampel penelitian adalah individu yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling, dengan syarat memenuhi karekteristik yang telah ditetapkan. Teknik pengumpulan data untuk menghimpun data kelayakan media Audiovisual Guru Triguntar menggunakan kuesioner angket rating scale, dianalisis dengan rumus persentase hasil. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data perkembangan motivasi belajar mandiri sampel penelitian menggunakan instrumen observasi, catatan temuan, dokumentasi dalam bentuk video, dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan teknik reduksi data. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa: (1) Media Audiovisual Guru Triguntar sangat layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar dan relevan untuk anak kelas rendah maupun kelas tinggi, karena penggunaannya dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan; (2) Pemenuhan kebutuhan anak akan rasa aman, cinta dan rasa dihargai selama proses pengenalan dan penggunaan media Audiovisual Guru Triguntar dalam menyelesaikan masalah geometri, dapat menjadi pemicu tumbuhnya motivasi belajar mandiri
Variants in ADCY5 and near CCNL1 are associated with fetal growth and birth weight
Get PDFTo identify genetic variants associated with birth weight, we meta-analyzed six genome-wide association (GWA) studies (n = 10,623 Europeans from pregnancy/birth cohorts) and followed up two lead signals in 13 replication studies (n = 27,591). rs900400 near LEKR1 and CCNL1 (P = 2 x 10(-35)) and rs9883204 in ADCY5 (P = 7 x 10(-15)) were robustly associated with birth weight. Correlated SNPs in ADCY5 were recently implicated in regulation of glucose levels and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes, providing evidence that the well-described association between lower birth weight and subsequent type 2 diabetes has a genetic component, distinct from the proposed role of programming by maternal nutrition. Using data from both SNPs, we found that the 9% of Europeans carrying four birth weight-lowering alleles were, on average, 113 g (95% CI 89-137 g) lighter at birth than the 24% with zero or one alleles (P(trend) = 7 x 10(-30)). The impact on birth weight is similar to that of a mother smoking 4-5 cigarettes per day in the third trimester of pregnancy
Improving the Meta-Grip: Redesigning for unsupervised use
No full textThe Meta-Grip is a tool for climbers to measure hand and finger strength. A climber uses the Meta-Grip by hanging on either a sloper or crimp. The Meta-Grip measures the force through a load cell and transfers the data to a computer where the data can be viewed and analyzed. The current Meta-Grip is built for research. Because of this, the current Meta-Grip cannot be used unsupervised, the embodiment needs improvements and the price of 2520 euros for the costs is too high for the intended market. The current Meta- Grip can only do measurements, an addition to its functionalities would be the ability to also train on the Meta-Grip. This let to the following goal for redesigning the Meta-Grip: “Redesign the Meta-Grip in such a way that it becomes an affordable and recognizable tool that measures finger and hand strength and provides immediate and understandable feedback to the climber, that can be used unsupervised by climbers and is an addition to the currently available training tools.“. To redesign the Meta-Grip, the design process is structured in four phases: analysis, ideation, concept design and final validation. The following methods were used: literature research, online market research, online surveys, sketching, prototyping, user testing, hosting creative sessions and expert interviews. The redesigned Meta-Grip is a product-service system. The Meta-Grip, made for fanatic climbers, has a range in holds that differ in type and difficulty. Holds are available in alder wood for skin friendliness or polyurethane coated with quartz sand for high friction, to the user’s discretion. With two load cells and a Bluetooth module , a connection can be established to the mobile phone application of the Meta-Grip. This application, the service, is used to execute measurements, follow exercises and training plans and determine climbing goals. A button on the Meta-Grip allows users to turn the Meta-Grip on and connect the Meta-Grip via Bluetooth to the application on their phone. To instruct the user on how to use the Meta-Grip before the Bluetooth connection is available, instructions are placed on the left side of the Meta-Grip. The system is powered by a 9V battery. The installation of the Meta-Grip is made such that it will fit any normal climbing gym with two M10 bolts. This research has shown the potential of a redesigned Meta-Grip. Through the application, the Meta-Grip can be used unsupervised and changing the design has made the Meta-Grip more versatile and recognizable for climbers. The cost price is estimate at 120 euros, making it a large price reduction. The next step is to further elaborate the concept and all parts of the product-service system to make it ready for launching the Meta-Grip to the market. <br/
The association between histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
No full textBackground
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major health problem. Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is an association between acid suppression therapy and development of CDI.
Purpose
We sought to systematically review the literature that examined the association between histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and CDI.
Data source
We searched Medline, Current Contents, Embase, ISI Web of Science and Elsevier Scopus from 1990 to 2012 for all analytical studies that examined the association between H2RAs and CDI.
Study selection
Two authors independently reviewed the studies for eligibility.
Data extraction
Data about studies characteristics, adjusted effect estimates and quality were extracted.
Data synthesis
Thirty-five observations from 33 eligible studies that included 201834 participants were analyzed. Studies were performed in 6 countries and nine of them were multicenter. Most studies did not specify the type or duration of H2RAs therapy. The pooled effect estimate was 1.44, 95% CI (1.22–1.7), I2 = 70.5%. This association was consistent across different subgroups (by study design and country) and there was no evidence of publication bias. The pooled effect estimate for high quality studies was 1.39 (1.15–1.68), I2 = 72.3%. Meta-regression analysis of 10 study-level variables did not identify sources of heterogeneity. In a speculative analysis, the number needed to harm (NNH) with H2RAs at 14 days after hospital admission in patients receiving antibiotics or not was 58, 95% CI (37, 115) and 425, 95% CI (267, 848), respectively. For the general population, the NNH at 1 year was 4549, 95% CI (2860, 9097).
Conclusion
In this rigorous systematic review and meta-analysis, we observed an association between H2RAs and CDI. The absolute risk of CDI associated with H2RAs is highest in hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics
Service provision and barriers to care for homeless people with mental health problems across 14 European capital cities
No full textAbstract Background Mental health problems are disproportionately higher amongst homeless people. Many barriers exist for homeless people with mental health problems in accessing treatment yet little research has been done on service provision and quality of care for this group. The aim of this paper is to assess current service provision and identify barriers to care for homeless people with mental health problems in 14 European capital cities. Method Two methods of data collection were employed; (i) In two highly deprived areas in each of the 14 European capital cities, homeless-specific services providing mental health, social care or general health services were assessed. Data were obtained on service characteristics, staff and programmes provided. (ii) Semi-structured interviews were conducted in each area with experts in mental health care provision for homeless people in order to determine the barriers to care and ways to overcome them. Results Across the 14 capital cities, 111 homeless-specific services were assessed. Input from professionally qualified mental health staff was reported as low, as were levels of active outreach and case finding. Out-of-hours service provision appears inadequate and high levels of service exclusion criteria were evident. Prejudice in the services towards homeless people, a lack of co-ordination amongst services, and the difficulties homeless people face in obtaining health insurance were identified as major barriers to service provision. Conclusions While there is variability in service provision across European capital cities, the reported barriers to service accessibility are common. Homeless-specific services are more responsive to the initial needs of homeless people with mental health problems, while generic services tend to be more conducive to long term care. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of different service delivery models, including the most effective coordination of homeless specific and generic services.</p
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