1,726,736 research outputs found
Multinationals and subsidiaries: A bibliometric study on Ghoshal?s managing across borders
Full text linkSome scholars? imprint an academic discipline by their contribution to the manner in which we think and research, namely by putting forward novel concepts and insights. In this paper we examine the impact of Sumantra Ghoshal?s work on the study of subsidiaries and multinational enterprises and organizational formats for foreign operations. Specifically we perform a bibliometric study focused on Bartlett and Ghoshal?s well-known book ?Managing across borders: The transnational solution? to assess its impact in international business (IB) research. We examine the entire record of publications in the top leading IB journal: Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS). Theoretically supported, Ghoshal?s work was keenly influenced by his corporate experiences and his constant questioning of the dominant theories and assumptions. Our analyses show the impact of the work on the ?transnational solution? namely on the understanding of multinationals and subsidiaries, thus being one of the most notable contributions for IB research over the past twenty years.Sumantra Ghoshal, international business research, bibliometric study, transnational solution, multinational corporations, subsidiaries
Lysiphyllum dewitii Bandyop. & Ghoshal 2014, comb. nov.
No full text1.Lysiphyllum dewitii (K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen) Bandyop. & Ghoshal, comb. nov. Bauhinia dewitii K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen, Gard. Bull. Singapore 31: 1. 1978. Type: Borneo, Mt. Doya, Bau, Chai, P., S. 29920 (holotype K000760792, image!, isotypes A00312895 image! (HUH 2014), L0018719 n.v., SING n.v.). DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Borneo.Published as part of Bandyopadhyay, Subir & Ghoshal, Partha Pratim, 2014, Two new combinations in Lysiphyllum (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), pp. 298-300 in Phytotaxa 178 (4) on page 298, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.178.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/514565
The individualized corporation: An interview with Sumantra Ghoshal
No full textSumantra Ghoshal discusses the main features of his and Christopher Bartlett's new book, The Individualized Corporation, leading on to some of his current thinking on management issues in multinational corporations. Much of the book is devoted to describing the new corporate model, and to suggesting how such a company can be built and managed. Ghoshal points out that the major challenge to an individualized corporation is to manage people. A successful firm has a 'smell of the place' which motivates and invigorates its people. It also is capable of joint learning and a transformation process that progressively involves rationalization, revitalization and continuous self-renewal: the last of these is called in the book 'cooking sweet and sour'. Reflecting Ghoshal's evolving thinking, the book moves well beyond managerial specifics to the realm of corporate philosophy. Management doctrine is changing from the old model of strategy, structure and systems to one built on purpose, process and people - a doctrine which embodies a new moral contact with employees. Looking at the future, Ghoshal insists we need an institutional theory of the firm, which recognizes their role as social institutions and also the role of management in distinguishing the visible hand of companies from the invisible hand of markets. This, and an inquiry into the management of the process of change - at a managerial, micro-level of analysis - is his new personal intellectual challenge.
Universality out of order
No full textFunding Information: The author thanks Gourab Ghoshal for comments and acknowledges financial support from JSPS KAKENHI grant no. JP21H04595.Peer reviewe
Lysiphyllum dipterum Bandyop. & Ghoshal 2014, comb. nov.
No full text2.Lysiphyllum dipterum (Blume ex Miq.) Bandyop. & Ghoshal, comb. nov. Bauhinia diptera Blume ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. -Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3,3: 12. 1850 (Miquel 1850a: 12). Type: Borneo, G [unung] Prarawin, Korthals s.n. (neotype here determined, L0504140, image!); Borneo, Sabah, Sandakan, Lahad Datu district, Silam, 500 ft, 20.7.1966, Ahmad Talip 54902 (epitype here designated, L0504136 image!, isoepitype K000980011, image!). Note. B. diptera Collett & Hemsl. (1890: 52), the name given to a Burmese species from the Shan hills, is an illegitimate later homonym of B. diptera Blume ex Miq. (1850a: 12). The accepted name of this species, now known from Myanmar, China and Thailand (Wunderlin 2011), is Phanera yunnanensis (Franchet) Wunderlin (2011: 1). Miquel (1850a) in the protologue of B. diptera Blume ex Miq. did not cite any specimen; thus there was no cited type for this name. In the protologue, however, he did include the information ‘ Flores desunt’, denoting that the description was created from specimen lacking flowers. Miquel (1850a) cited the name as ‘ B.? diptera, BLUME, mss.’ which indicates that he had used the manuscript name written by Blume. An additional issue is the use of the ‘?’ in the name. De Wit (1956) stated that Miquel (1850a) had added a question mark to the epithet ‘ diptera’ but accepted it without expression of doubt in a later publication (Miquel 1855) under Phanera. Dr. K. N. Gandhi (pers. comm. 2014) stated that the query sign given in the protologue as ‘ B.? diptera’ refers to the genus, rather than the species epithet. Miquel (1850a) was certain that his taxon was a new species, but he was uncertain about the genus. This does not invalidate a name according to Art. 36.1(a) (McNeill et al. 2012). Three of the sheets at L (Doeson, Korthals 22, L 0504119 image!; Doeson, Korthals 22a, L 0504127 image!; G [unung] Prarawin, L 0504128 image!) bear the annotation ‘ Bauhinia? diptera Bl ’ in Blume’s handwriting (see Van Steenis 1950: CXLVIII). We have therefore questioned whether these specimens may represent the original material used by Miquel in creating the taxon description. This question is explored here. The specimens annotated by Blume (L 0504119, L 0504127, L 0504128) are sterile, as was the material used by Miquel. However, the dimensions of these specimens do not agree with the description created by Miquel. The specimen L 0504119 consists of a single leaf which is slightly more than 14 inches in length, and on L 0504127 the length of the longest leaf, which is broken at the apex, is c. 7.5 inches. The length of these leaves therefore considerably exceeds the range of lengths given in the protologue, of ‘5–5½ poll’ [a poll. = an inch, i.e. 2.5 cm (Stearn 1983: 371)]. The dimensions of specimen L 0504128 come close to those given by Miquel in the protologue but do not exactly agree with it. The leaves are c. 4.5–5.5 inches long, and the petiole length c. 2.5–4 inches, compared with leaves 5–5½ inches (‘poll.’) long and petioles 2–4 inches long in the protologue. Moreover, Miquel does not cite the collection locality of this specimen, G [unung] Prarawin, making it more doubtful that Miquel used this specimen on which to base his description. None of the above collections annotated by Blume can thus be considered with confidence to be the specimens on which Miquel based the description in the protologue. In his 1956 revision of Malaysian Bauhinieae, de Wit created a new genus, Bracteolanthus, into which he placed the species Bauhinia diptera, as the comb. nov. Bracteolanthus dipterus (Blume ex Miq.) de Wit. In doing so, he overlooked the protologue of B. diptera Blume ex Miq. (Miquel 1850a). He had seen instead the reproduction of the protologue in part I of Miquel (1850b), a book consisting of the collation of three of this author’s earlier publications (see Stafleu & Cowan 1981). This, however, does not invalidate his new combination B. dipterus (Blume ex Miq.) de Wit because it is considered as an error correctable under Art. 41.8(a) of the Code (McNeill et al. 2012). De Wit (1956) cited a sterile specimen (Borneo, Mount Prarawin, Korthals s.n. L 908.112 – 117; barcode no. L0504140) as the type of Bracteolanthus dipterus. The sheet L0504140 does not bear the collector name Korthals; however, it is assumed that Korthals was the collector, as the original label appeared to bear his handwriting (Dr. Bijmoer, pers. comm.), and the sheet has the same kind of printed label as L0504128, which was a collection of Korthals. Additionally, the locality given is the same for both of these specimens. We examine here whether this specimen may have been used by Miquel in creating the species description. In the protologue of B. diptera (Miquel 1850a) the leaflets were stated to be ‘abrupte acuminata, acumine lineari obtuso’, but all the four leaves of L 0504140 are broken at the apex. Moreover, the longest leaf on this specimen is c. 12.5 inches long instead of ‘5–5½ poll. [inches] longa’, as in the description of Miquel. The fact that Miquel did not mention the locality of this specimen, G [unung] Prarawin in his description, also suggests that he had not seen this specimen. We conclude, therefore, that Miquel did not base the description of B. diptera on this specimen. In the absence of specimens verifiable as original material (Art. 9.3; McNeill et al. 2012), we here confirm the specimen that was cited as the type of Bracteolanthus dipterus by de Wit, and inadvertently therefore as the type of B. diptera (Korthals s.n. L 908.112–117; barcode no. L 0504140), to be the neotype of B. diptera Blume ex Miq. A flowering specimen has also been designated here as the epitype because this sterile specimen will not serve the purpose of the precise application of the name. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Borneo.Published as part of Bandyopadhyay, Subir & Ghoshal, Partha Pratim, 2014, Two new combinations in Lysiphyllum (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), pp. 298-300 in Phytotaxa 178 (4) on pages 298-299, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.178.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/514565
The Biased Homogeneous r-Lin Problem
Full text linkThe p-biased Homogeneous r-Lin problem (Hom-r-Lin_p) is the following: given a homogeneous system of r-variable equations over m{F}₂, the goal is to find an assignment of relative weight p that satisfies the maximum number of equations. In a celebrated work, Håstad (JACM 2001) showed that the unconstrained variant of this i.e., Max-3-Lin, is hard to approximate beyond a factor of 1/2. This is also tight due to the naive random guessing algorithm which sets every variable uniformly from {0,1}. Subsequently, Holmerin and Khot (STOC 2004) showed that the same holds for the balanced Hom-r-Lin problem as well. In this work, we explore the approximability of the Hom-r-Lin_p problem beyond the balanced setting (i.e., p ≠ 1/2), and investigate whether the (p-biased) random guessing algorithm is optimal for every p. Our results include the following:
- The Hom-r-Lin_p problem has no efficient 1/2 + 1/2 (1 - 2p)^{r-2} + ε-approximation algorithm for every p if r is even, and for p ∈ (0,1/2] if r is odd, unless NP ⊂ ∪_{ε>0}DTIME(2^{n^ε}).
- For any r and any p, there exists an efficient 1/2 (1 - e^{-2})-approximation algorithm for Hom-r-Lin_p. We show that this is also tight for odd values of r (up to o_r(1)-additive factors) assuming the Unique Games Conjecture. Our results imply that when r is even, then for large values of r, random guessing is near optimal for every p. On the other hand, when r is odd, our results illustrate an interesting contrast between the regimes p ∈ (0,1/2) (where random guessing is near optimal) and p → 1 (where random guessing is far from optimal). A key technical contribution of our work is a generalization of Håstad’s 3-query dictatorship test to the p-biased setting
India's responses to the complex Rohingya crisis in Myanmar
Full text linkFor more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/Baladas Ghoshal, Secretary General of the Society for Indian Ocean Studies, explains that “New Delhi has to balance between its security concerns and moralism on humanitarian issues.
Tres visiones éticas de la economía: Galbraith, Drucker y Ghoshal
Full text linkCon motivo de la reciente desaparición de tres importantes economistas de relevancia internacional –John K. Galbraith, Peter Drucker y Sumantra Ghoshal– se realiza unas reflexiones, no tanto respecto a sus contribuciones técnica-económicas, sino de los planteamientos éticos en sus respectivas concepciones de la Economía como ciencia. Aunque el perfil profesional e intelectual de los tres autores son muy diferentes, se intenta identificar los elementos comunes que puedan incidir en el futuro de los fundamentos éticos de la Economía. ____________________________________________Three great economists have died recently: John K. Galbraith, Peter Drucker and Sumantra Ghoshal. This short paper considers not their technical and economic contributions, but rather their respective ethical approaches with regard to their concept of Economics as a science. Although the professional and intellectual profiles of the three economists are very different, an attempt is made to identify the common elements which may affect the future of the ethical grounds of Economics
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