1,721,023 research outputs found
SPPADBASE: the first on-line searchable database of PCR primers for phytopathogenic fungi
No full textProteomics in Mycorrhizal and plant pathogenic fungi
No full textIn the last years, the use of new -omics techniques have improved fungal studies by leading to new research opportunities able to get new insight regarding all aspects of environmental adaption and life cycle. In this context, the use of proteomic tools revealed new information about the fungal lifestyle, highlighting new insights into their relationships with plants. The present article focuses on two important fungal research fields, mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi, to get an accurate picture from the most recent proteomic studies and the milestones that have improved the knowledge of the complex metabolism of these fascinating species called fungi
A new UHP unit in the Western Alps: First occurrence of coesite from the Monviso Massif (Italy)
No full textThe Western Alps are one of the most studied exhumed subduction-accretionary complexes worldwide. Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism has been documented there since the 1980s. We now report the first discovery of coesite in the meta-ophiolitic suite of the Monviso Massif, corresponding to the fourth UHP unit defined on the Western Alps. Previous petrographic studies and results from thermodynamic modeling already suggested that these Alpine units may have experienced UHP metamorphism, but no occurrences of index minerals, such as coesite, have been reported to date. The newly discovered coesite inclusions from the Monviso Massif occur as intact single crystals (10-60 mu m) hosted by garnet. The observations suggest that they have escaped re-equilibration and maintained all the original features from the trapping time. The reduced size of the crystals and the lack of re-equilibration significantly differ from the typical textural features described in past findings (i.e., radial cracks, palisade texture of quartz surrounding coesite relicts). Detailed garnet inclusions analysis and thermodynamic modeling constrained the metamorphic peak conditions at P = 2.8-2.9 GPa and T = 500-520 degrees C within the coesite stability field.The Lago Superiore Unit represents the fourth UHP unit discovered on the Western Alps. The UHP metamorphism on the Western Alps was considered rare due to the escape process of unusual units from mantle depths. In our view, the implication of our discovery provides new insight into UHP processes that seem to be more common than expected. Further tectonic reconstructions should take into account the common features observed in the UHP units to better constrain the subduction- and exhumation-related mechanisms that drove the actual stacking of mountain belts
Is the Imposition of Diamond Morphology on Mineral Inclusions a Syngenetic or Post-Genetic Process with Respect to Diamond Formation?
Full text linkRecent studies showed that inclusions of the same phasewithina single diamond are relicts of an original monocrystal that underwenta dissolution event during diamond growth. Interestingly, these inclusionsdeveloped both diamond-imposed (i.e., cubic-octahedral shape) andlobed morphologies with rounded shapes and/or embayments. Whetherthe diamond-imposed morphology is developed during or after entrapmentof the inclusion is unknown. We addressed the problem in two ways:(i) by determining the thermodynamic conditions under which mineralinclusions can modify their size (e.g., a single inclusion separatesto give two inclusions with different size) and morphology, when trappedin diamond and (ii) by critically reviewing and discussing the recentobservations on mineral inclusions in diamond. Accordingly, we developeda thermodynamic model which considers all the involved energetic contributions(i.e., surface and strain energies) to completely describe the Gibbsenergy of a closed system designed to forecast the size evolutionof two adjacent (or a single) inclusions, at constant T and P. Basedon this model and analyzing the existing scientific literature ondiamond, we propose an experimental/observational protocol to evaluatewhether post-entrapment modification of inclusions has occurred.A thermodynamic model was developed tounderstand whetherthe diamond-imposed morphology is developed during or after entrapmentof the inclusio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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