161,018 research outputs found
The determinants of apprenticeship training with particular reference tobusiness expectations
No full text"Whilst in applied empirical research, training in general human capital is mainly explained by structural characteristics of firms, this paper introduces business expectations as an additional explanatory factor. Business expectations are strictly time-variate and firm-specific and reflect both a firm's development in competitive markets and in the business cycle. We assume that a firm's business expectations strongly modify the cost-utility concept for firms' decisions as regards providing apprenticeship places. When controlling for firms' structural characteristics, static econometric models support our assumption that a change in business expectations leads to an asymmetric adjustment process of firms' qualitative decisions regarding apprenticeship training. Concerning the quantitative decision as to how many apprenticeship places a firm provides we found a significant but not asymmetric response to a change in business expectations. A dynamic approach confirms the results obtained in the static models of a symmetric quantitative adjustment process in a short-term perspective. In a longer perspective the dynamic model supports the assumption of an asymmetric quantitative adjustment process. Further on an application shows that an increasing uncertainty regarding business expectations tends to reduce the apprenticeship training at firm level." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) Additional Information Kurzfassung (deutsch) Executive summary (English)Ausbildungsverhalten - Determinanten, Betrieb, Ausbildungsbetrieb, Unternehmensentwicklung, Personalpolitik, Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse, Ausbildungskosten, betriebliche Berufsausbildung - Nutzen, betriebliche Berufsausbildung, Bildungsökonomie, Bildungsinvestitionen, wirtschaftliche Situation
Prof. Th. W. Adorno and the author Hans Erich Nossack.
No full textProf. Th. W. Adorno and the author Hans Erich Nossack at a reception of Insel Verlag, Buchmesse Frankfurt 1966LB
Nowe spojrzenie na planowanie architektury mieszkaniowej w afryce subsaharyjskiej
No full textThe author shares his reflections on state of art in housing and urban planning, deficiencies, expectations and possibilities in the Sahel region of Africa. He notices, that the housing problem in Africa is one of the challenges, which should be solved in order to recover life dignity of African people and secure their rights to traditional family life in acceptable conditions. The paper describes the studies on the typical dispersed urban structures and the need to foster this type of settlement structure and proposals of introduction of new on light steel frame housing system in the area of Sahel, combining the traditional way of building houses with modern technology. The particularly analysed case, is the housing problem in the Republic of Chad. The author presents the basic discussion on this topic and his architectural proposals. Unfortunately, the gap between the needs and the financial feasibility of housing construction in this area, makes this project already at the starting point extremely difficult to be realized without external subventions.Problem mieszkaniowy w Afryce jest jednym z wyzwań, które należy rozwiązać, aby Afrykanie mogli odzyskać godność życiową i zabezpieczyć swoje prawa do tradycyjnego życia rodzinnego w akceptowalnych warunkach. W artykule opisano badania nad typowymi rozproszonymi strukturami miejskimi i potrzebą wspierania tego typu struktur osadniczych oraz propozycji wprowadzenia nowego systemu konstrukcji domów, opartym na lekkim szkielecie stalowym, łączącym tradycyjny sposób budowania domów z nowoczesną technologią. Przypadkiem szczególnie analizowanym jest problem mieszkaniowy w Republice Czadu. Autor przedstawia podstawową dyskusję na ten temat i swoje propozycje architektoniczne. Niestety luka między potrzebami mieszkaniowymi w Czadzie a finansową wykonalnością budownictwa mieszkaniowego w tym obszarze sprawia, że projekt ten, już w punkcie wyjścia, jest niezwykle trudny do realizacji bez uzyskania zewnętrznych dotacji
Seeing the world anew : the radical vision of Martin Waldseemüller's 1507 & 1516 world maps /
No full text9781929154470 (ISBN). 192915447X (ISBN). First edition 2012. Accompanied by 2 foldeds map in front and back pockets: 1507 map -- 1516 map.; Includes bibliographical references: pages 98-107.; Maps from pockets also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn6254227; Original version of the 1507 map: Universalis cosmographiae secundum Ptholomaei traditionem et Americi Vespucii alioru que lustrationes. [St. Dié, France? : s.n., 1507]; Original version of the 1516 map: Carta marina, navigatoria Portugallen, navigationes atque tocius cogniti orbis terre marisque formam naturamq[u]e situs et terminos nostris temporibus recognitos et ab antiquorum traditione differentes eciam quor[um] vetusti non meminerunt auctores hec generaliter indicat / consumatum est in oppido S. Deodati compositione et digestione Martini Waldseemuller Ilacomili. [St. Dié, France? : s.n., 1516]. Prologue: In a Renaissance Vision, a Glimpse of the Modern / John W. Hessler -- "An island surrounded on all sides by sea" : The World Map, 1507 / John W. Hessler -- "Land of Cuba, part of Asia" : The Carta marina, 1516 / Chet Van Duzer -- Epilogue: A Renaissance That Resonates Still / John W. Hessler -- Notes -- Afterword / Ralph E. Ehrenberg -- About the authors -- Acknowledgments -- The Maps: The 1507 World Map, 12 sheets, with commentary -- Composite: front pocket -- The 1516 Carta marina, 13 sheets, with commentary -- Composite: back pocket
Klimat społeczny w szkole inkluzyjnej
No full textAuthor presented in this paper theoretical approach to the building of social climate in an inclusive school. The publication indicatessome tendencies and directions of changes to improve the functioning of these institutions and to implement the idea of inclusive education.Autorka przedstawiła w artykule teoretyczne ujęcie zagadnienia związanego z budowaniem klimatu społecznego w szkole inkluzyjnej. W publikacji ukazano pewne dążenia i kierunki zmian, jakich należy dokonywać w masowych szkołach, aby poprawić jakość funkcjonowania tych placówek, tak by kierowały się one ideą edukacji włączającej
Ewolucja programowa FDP w polityce wschodniej w latach 1949-1969 w świetle nowych zasobów Archiwum Niemieckiego Liberalizmu
No full textZasadniczym celem artykułu jest analiza działalności programowej FDP w polityce wschodniej Republiki Federalnej Niemiec w latach 1949-1969. Autor wykorzystał nowe zasoby Archiwum Niemieckiego Liberalizmu w Gummersbach, co umożliwiło przedstawienie nowej oceny wpływu FDP na politykę wschodnią Republiki Federalnej Niemiec.The main goal of the article is to analyze the FDP's program activities in the eastern policy of the Federal Republic of Germany in the years 1949-1969. Of great importance here is the fact that the author used in this work new archives from the Archives of German Liberalism in Gummersbach. This enabled him to present a new assessment of the FDP's impact on the eastern policy of the Federal Republic of Germany
Zasady szacowania gruntów w postępowaniach scaleniowych w Polsce
No full textThe subject of the study was the principles of land estimation used for the purpose of consolidation
proceedings, as they are applied in Poland.
The work examines the legal conditions relating to the estimation of land for the purposes of
consolidation. Documents prepared in the years 2005–2017 concerning land estimation (resolutions
of the consolidation participants, and protocols from the value estimates) have been
collected for 41 consolidated sites, located in 28 districts of 11 voivodships (regions). A survey
was conducted among the surveyors-designers of the consolidation proceedings, consisting of
19 questions. In the current year, the co-author of the present article was present at meetings of
consolidation proceedings’ participants, convened in order to determine the rules for estimating
land value on two sites located in different regions, and the material she collected during those
meetings was used in the article.
The collected data were subjected to an analysis, which showed that within Poland there is no
homogeneity in the method of estimating land value for the purpose of consolidation proceedings,
and that the method used to determine the value of land, taking into account the 1-hectare
estimated rate, and the price of 1dt of rye grain, according to the provisions of the agricultural
tax, is incompatible with the principles for the valuation of agricultural real estate, as specified in
the law on real estate management.Przedmiotem badań były zasady szacowania gruntów stosowane w postępowaniach scaleniowych w Polsce.
W ramach pracy przeanalizowano uwarunkowania prawne odnoszące się do szacunku gruntów na potrzeby scaleń. Zebrano dokumentację sporządzoną w latach 2005-2017 dotyczącą szacunku gruntów (uchwały uczestników scalenia i protokoły z przeprowadzonego szacunku) dla 41 obiektów scaleniowych, położonych na terenie 28 powiatów z 11 województw. Przeprowadzono ankietę wśród geodetów-projektantów scaleń, składającą się
z 19 pytań. Współautorka artykułu w bieżącym roku była obecna na spotkaniach uczestników scalenia, zwołanych w celu ustalenia zasad szacowania gruntów na dwóch obiektach, zlokalizowanych w różnych województwach i zebrane materiały dotyczące tych spotkań wykorzystane zostały w artykule.
Zgromadzone dane poddano analizie, która wykazała, że w Polsce nie ma jednolitości
w sposobie szacowania gruntów na potrzeby postępowań scaleniowych oraz że stosowany sposób określania wartości gruntów z uwzględnieniem stawek szacunkowych 1 ha oraz ceny 1dt żyta wg przepisów o podatku rolnym jest niezgodny z zasadami wyceny nieruchomości rolnych określonymi w ustawie o gospodarce nieruchomościami
Ograniczenia wolności słowa w Internecie
No full textThe development of Internet services lead to many changes in forms of expression of our opinions and ideas. The author shall discuss whether the term “freedom of speech” is still suitable for modern times, regarding the conversations in the social media. As we all know, the freedom of speech and the freedom of expression were never absolute and certain limitations of them are completely legal and necessary. However, as the author will try to prove, there are some serious concerns about executing such limitations online as well as effectively proving if someone’s rights have been violated due to excess of freedom of expression. The possible ideas of fighting the hate speech and other acts of trespassing the right to free expression shall also be presented.Rozwój usług Internetowych spowodował wiele zmian w sposobach wyrażania naszych opinii i pomysłów. Autor przeprowadzi rozważania odnośnie tego czy określenie “wolność słowa” jest wciąż adekwatne do współczesnych czasów, odnosząc się do rozmów w przestrzeni mediów społecznościowych. Powszechnie wiadomo, że wolność słowa i wolność wypowiedzi nigdy nie były absolutne i pewne ich ograniczenia są całkowicie legalne oraz konieczne. Jednakże, jak autor spróbuje wykazać, istnieją poważne wątpliwości odnośnie wykonalności takich ograniczeń w sieci, a także efektywnego dowodzenia, że cudze prawa zostały naruszone w związku z przekroczeniem granic wolności wypowiedzi. Propozycje możliwych rozwiązań w walce z mową nienawiści i innymi przejawami przekraczania prawa do wolności wypowiedzi także zostaną zaprezentowane
Abstract PL01-04: ODC genotype as prognostic and predictive factors in colorectal carcinogenesis and prevention
No full textAbstract
Polyamines are increased in many intraepithelial neoplasia, which are risk factors for cancer in humans (1). Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), the first enzyme in polyamine synthesis, is regulated in part by Ebox transcription factors including MYC and MAD family members. The ODC1 gene contains several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are associated with risk of colorectal neoplasia. A SNP located 316 nucleotides from the start of transcription (rs2302615) has functional consequences for Ebox transcription factor binding and promoter activity. Both the transcription activator MYC and transcriptional repressors in the MAD family preferentially bind the ODC promoter element containing the minor A allele, which is flanked by two canonical E-boxes, resulting in allele-specific expression (2, 3). This SNP is associated with both risk of metachronous colorectal adenoma (CRA), in several independent studies (2, 4), and survival of patients with stages I-III colon cancer (3). The ODC1 SNP was also found to be predictive of reduced risk of CRA in association with aspirin use by three independent groups (2, 4, 5). The mechanism underlying the relationship between the ODC1 SNP and aspirin appears to involve the action of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on polyamine catabolism and export. NSAIDs, including aspirin and sulindac, and celecoxib transcriptionally activate SAT1, a spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase, by unique mechanisms (6-8). Acetylation targets these polyamines for export by an SLC3A2-dependent arginine antiporter (9). Thus, NSAIDs and celecoxib, by activating polyamine export, complement ODC1 inhibitors, which suppress polyamine synthesis, to reduce tissue polyamine contents. In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a selective ODC1 inhibitor, and the NSAID sulindac for three years, combination treatment was associated with a 70% reduction of all, and over a 90% reduction of advanced and/or multiple CRAs, in patients with prior colon polyps (10). The 30% rate of non-advanced CRA development in the treatment arm was strongly associated with both the ODC1 SNP and dietary polyamines (11). Consideration of homeostatic regulatory processes, supported by measurements of tissue polyamine contents in participants in this trial, support the interpretation that decreased ODC transcription, resulting from the ODC1 SNP, is associated with altered polyamine transport. Treatment-associated toxicities were rare and associated with pretreatment clinical and genetic risk factors. The ODC1 SNP was predictive of ototoxicity in this trial (11). These studies identify genetic variability in ODC1, a MYC target gene, as a prognostic factor for colorectal carcinogenesis and as a predictive factor for treatments targeting this pathway. The role(s) of other ODC1 SNPs in colorectal or other cancers remains to be established.
References:
1. Gerner EW, Meyskens FL, Jr. Polyamines and cancer: old molecules, new understanding. Nature Reviews Cancer 2004;4(10):781-92.
2. Martinez ME, O'Brien TG, Fultz KE, et al. Pronounced reduction in adenoma recurrence associated with aspirin use and a polymorphism in the ornithine decarboxylase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100(13):7859-64.
3. Zell JA, Ziogas A, Ignatenko N, et al. Associations of a polymorphism in the ornithine decarboxylase gene with colorectal cancer survival. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):6208-16.
4. Hubner RA, Muir KR, Liu JF, Logan RF, Grainge MJ, Houlston RS. Ornithine decarboxylase G316A genotype is prognostic for colorectal adenoma recurrence and predicts efficacy of aspirin chemoprevention. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14(8):2303-9.
5. Barry EL, Baron JA, Bhat S, et al. Ornithine decarboxylase polymorphism modification of response to aspirin treatment for colorectal adenoma prevention. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2006;98(20):1494-500.
6. Babbar N, Ignatenko NA, Casero RA, Jr., Gerner EW. Cyclooxygenase-independent induction of apoptosis by sulindac sulfone is mediated by polyamines in colon cancer. J Biol Chem 2003;278(48):47762-75.
7. Babbar N, Gerner EW, Casero RA, Jr. Induction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) by aspirin in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Biochemical Journal 2006;394(Pt 1):317-24.
8. Ignatenko NA, Besselsen DG, Stringer DE, Blohm-Mangone KA, Cui H, Gerner EW. Combination chemoprevention of intestinal carcinogenesis in a murine model of familial adenomatous polyposis. Nutr Cancer 2008;60 Suppl 1:30-5.
9. Uemura T, Yerushalmi HF, Tsaprailis G, et al. Identification and characterization of a diamine exporter in colon epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2008;283(39):26428-35.
10. Meyskens FL, Jr., McLaren CE, Pelot D, et al. Difluoromethylornithine plus sulindac for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas: a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa) 2008;1(1):32-8.
11. Zell JA, McLaren CE, Chen WP, Thompson PA, Gerner EW, Meyskens FL. Ornithine Decarboxylase-1 Polymorphism, Chemoprevention With Eflornithine and Sulindac, and Outcomes Among Colorectal Adenoma Patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; epub ahead of print.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):PL01-04.</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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