768 research outputs found
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Resilience as a positive lever: An analysis of sensemaking and meaningful work in the context of organizational change
No full textAuthor Katja SchwarzMasterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2024Arbeit nach Ablauf der Sperre auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Resilience as a positive lever: An analysis of sensemaking and meaningful work in the context of organizational change
No full textAuthor Katja SchwarzMasterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2024Arbeit nach Ablauf der Sperre auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
"Meghillàt Estèr". Toward a Transcultural Concept of Religion in Katja Petrowskaja\u27s Novel Vielleicht Esther
No full textIl presente contributo intende rileggere il romanzo Vielleicht Esther (2014) di Katja Petrowskaja proponendo come chiave di lettura la Meghillàt Estèr della Bibbia ebraica. Si vuole dimostrare come, attraverso questo implicito ma preciso riferimento intertestuale, l’autrice affronti nel romanzo anche una riflessione su una possibile transreligione capace di rispecchiare il contesto transculturale contemporaneo.This contribution analyzes Katja Petrowskaja’s novel Vielleicht Esther (2014) by proposing the Megillàt Estèr from the Hebrew Bible as a key interpretative lens. The aim is to demonstrate how, through this subtle yet deliberate intertextual reference, the author weaves into the novel a reflection on the notion of a transreligion, one that resonates with and articulates the complexities of our contemporary transcultural landscape
Die Entwicklung der ostdeutschen Regionen
No full text'Die ostdeutschen Regionen haben seit der Vereinigung mit Westdeutschland bereits eine wechselvolle Geschichte hinter sich. Auch mehr als ein Jahrzehnt nach dem Fall der Mauer gehen die Bewertungen des wirtschaftlichen Aufholprozesses der neuen Bundeslaender noch weit auseinander. Die Entwicklung der Regionen Ostdeutschlands von 1993 bis 1999 ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Analysen. Ziel ist es, Ursachen fuer unterschiedliche Entwicklungspfade herauszuarbeiten. Ansatz, Theorie, Daten, Methoden und vor allem die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen werden umfassend dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse beruhen auf einer selten angewandten Kombination von flaechendeckenden quantitativen und von qualitativen Methoden in Fallstudien. Eingeschlossen sind Aussagen zu verschiedenen arbeitsmarkt- und wirtschaftspolitischen Massnahmen, die ebenfalls einem Test unterzogen werden konnten. Wichtige Fragen zur Regionalentwicklung konnten sehr differenziert bearbeitet werden: Wie wirkt sich die sektorale Spezialisierung auf die regionale Entwicklung aus? Welchen Einfluss hat die Lage einer Region auf die Beschaeftigungsentwicklung? Welche Effekte haben verschiedene wirtschaftspolitische Instrumente und welchen Einfluss hat die regionale Lohnentwicklung? Wie wirkt sich die Rolle lokaler 'Leitpersoenlichkeiten' aus? Die Ergebnisse sind nicht nur relevant fuer die Erklaerung von Vorgaengen in den Regionen Ostdeutschlands. Sie dienen generell dazu, Einsicht ueber oekonomische Prozesse zu gewinnen und wichtige Fragen von allgemeiner Bedeutung zu klaeren'. (Autorenreferat). Inhaltsverzeichnis: Teil 1: Determinanten der Regionalentwicklung in Ostdeutschland (Uwe Blien, Erich Maierhofer, Dieter Vollkommer, Katja Wolf -verantwortlich fuer Teil 5-Lorenz Blume, Alexander Eickelpasch, Kurt Geppert) 1. Motivation und Ueberblick, 2. Erklaerungsansaetze und methodisches Vorgehen, 3. Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der ostdeutschen Regionen im Ueberblick, 4. Ergebnisse der flaechendeckenden Analysen, 5. Vergleichende Analyse ausgewaehlter ostdeutscher Regionen, 6. Ueberblick und Schlussfolgerungen. Teil 2: Einflussfaktoren der Entwicklung ostdeutscher Regionen Theorie, Daten, Deskriptionen und quantitative Analysen (Uwe Blien, Erich Maierhofer, Dieter Vollkommer, Katja Wolf) 1. Rahmenbedingungen fuer die Entwicklung der Regionen Ostdeutschlands, 2. Ein modelltheoretischer Erklaerungsansatz fuer die Entwicklung der Regionen in den oestlichen Bundeslaendern, 3. Datengrundlagen und Methoden zu ihrer Gewinnung bzw. Organisation, 4. Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der ostdeutschen Regionen im Ueberblick, 5. Modelle fuer die flaechendeckenden Analysen, 6. Oekonometrische Analysen als Grundlagen fuer die Auswahl von Regionen, 7. Determinanten der Regionalentwicklung: Ergebnisse der flaechendeckenden Tiefenanalysen. Teil 3: Einzelfallstudien ausgewaehlter Regionen (Lorenz Blume, Alexander Eickelpasch, Kurt Geppert) 1. Vergleichende Analyse ostdeutscher Regionen, 2. Vergleich mit westdeutschen Regionen. Teil 4: Zusammenfassung von wichtigen Ergebnissen und SchlussfolgerungenAvailable from IAB / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman
Casanovas are liars : behavioral syndromes, sperm competition risk, and the evolution of deceptive male mating behavior in live-bearing fishes [version 2; referees: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
No full textMale reproductive biology can by characterized through competition over mates as well as mate choice. Multiple mating and male mate choice copying, especially in internally fertilizing species, set the stage for increased sperm competition, i.e., sperm of two or more males can compete for fertilization of the female’s ova. In the internally fertilizing fish Poecilia mexicana, males respond to the presence of rivals with reduced expression of mating preferences (audience effect), thereby lowering the risk of by-standing rivals copying their mate choice. Also, males interact initially more with a non-preferred female when observed by a rival, which has been interpreted in previous studies as a strategy to mislead rivals, again reducing sperm competition risk (SCR). Nevertheless, species might differ consistently in their expression of aggressive and reproductive behaviors, possibly due to varying levels of SCR. In the current study, we present a unique data set comprising ten poeciliid species (in two cases including multiple populations) and ask whether species can be characterized through consistent differences in the expression of aggression, sexual activity and changes in mate choice under increased SCR. We found consistent species-specific differences in aggressive behavior, sexual activity as well as in the level of misleading behavior, while decreased preference expression under increased SCR was a general feature of all but one species examined. Furthermore, mean sexual activity correlated positively with the occurrence of potentially misleading behavior. An alternative explanation for audience effects would be that males attempt to avoid aggressive encounters, which would predict stronger audience effects in more aggressive species. We demonstrate a positive correlation between mean aggressiveness and sexual activity (suggesting a hormonal link as a mechanistic explanation), but did not detect a correlation between aggressiveness and audience effects. Suites of correlated behavioral tendencies are termed behavioral syndromes, and our present study provides correlational evidence for the evolutionary significance of SCR in shaping a behavioral syndrome at the species level across poeciliid taxa
Bayesian and frequentist regression approaches for very large data sets
No full textThis thesis is concerned with the analysis of frequentist and Bayesian regression models for data sets with a very large number of observations. Such large data sets pose a challenge when conducting regression analysis, because of the memory required (mainly for frequentist regression models) and the running time of the analysis (mainly for Bayesian regression models). I present two different approaches that can be employed in this setting.
The first approach is based on random projections and reduces the number of observations to manageable level as a first step before the regression analysis. The reduced number of observations depends on the number of variables in the data set and the desired goodness of the approximation. It is, however, independent of the number of observations in the original data set, making it especially useful for very large data sets. Theoretical guarantees for Bayesian linear regression are presented, which extend known guarantees for the frequentist case. The fundamental theorem covers Bayesian linear regression with arbitrary normal distributions or non-informative uniform distributions as prior distributions. I evaluate how close the posterior distributions of the original model and the reduced data set are for this theoretically covered case as well as for extensions towards hierarchical models and models using q-generalised normal distributions as prior.
The second approach presents a transfer of the Merge & Reduce-principle from data structures to regression models. In Computer Science, Merge & Reduce is employed in order to enable the use of static data structures in a streaming setting. Here, I present three possibilities of employing Merge & Reduce directly on regression models. This enables sequential or parallel analysis of subsets of the data set. The partial results are then combined in a way that recovers the regression model on the full data set well. This approach is suitable for a wide range of regression models. I evaluate the performance on simulated and real world data sets using linear and Poisson regression models.
Both approaches are able to recover regression models on the original data set well. They thus offer scalable versions of frequentist or Bayesian regression analysis for linear regression as well as extensions to generalised linear models, hierarchical models, and q-generalised normal distributions as prior distribution. Application on data streams or in distributed settings is also possible. Both approaches can be combined with multiple algorithms for frequentist or Bayesian regression analysis
Analiza jezika vrednotenja v knjižnih recenzijah: študija primera
No full textThis master’s thesis presents an analysis of appraisal in the case of ten book reviews. Their selection is based on several criteria that make them representative of this text type. The selected texts evaluate novels, novellas and short stories that were ranked top 300 according to the Open Syllabus Project 2.0 online data base. This means that they fall into the category of the most often assigned books in educational institutions. The authors of the selected texts are editors, journalists and writers, and there is an even number of male and female reviewers. The purpose of the study is the appraisal analysis of the contemporary English languagetherefore, only the recently published texts were selected.
The main methodology used in this master’s thesis is the appraisal theory developed by James Martin and Peter White (Martin and White). This theory evolved in the systemic functional linguistics, and it relies on the theoretical concepts of Michael Halliday (Halliday). The appraisal analysis was conducted with help of the analytical tool Catma 5.0, which enables annotation of texts, their analysis and the visualization of data.
The results of the research show that the most frequently used attitudinal resources are the expressions of appreciation. Therefore, the evaluation of the story and everything associated with it is in the foreground of the book reviews. The analysis of the selected texts reveals that evaluation is mostly explicit, meaning that the reader is directly invited to engage with the book. The findings indicate that the attitudinal resources are graded more according to intensity and quantity and less according to prototypicality and marginality. This conclusion draws attention to the variety of lexical and grammatical structures in the selected texts that are assumed to be characteristic of this text type in general. The results also show that the reviewers do not include many external sources into the text, which consequently narrows down the dialogistic space and excludes alternative views and attitudes.
The appraisal analysis points toward the text-structural and semantic characteristics of book reviews in general. The structure of the selected texts consists of the following elements: information about the author and the book, the plot summary and evaluation of these elements, which are often intertwined. Some reviews also include personal accounts, book details and/or numeric ratings. The most significant semantic characteristic of evaluation expressed in the selected book reviews is the critique of the Western oppressor. The reviewers judge crimes against humanity and question Western perspectives. They also imply the complicity of the readers because they are viewed as members of the Western identity. Additionally, the results of the analysis show that the book reviews are contextual and intertextual text types, which include various means for the realization of appraisal. A vast spectrum of lexical and grammatical structures makes book reviews an interesting research topic with many possibilities for further research.Pričujoča magistrska naloga se ukvarja z analizo jezika vrednotenja na primeru desetih knjižnih recenzij. Njihov izbor temelji na več kriterijih, ki prispevajo k reprezentativnosti te besedilne vrste. Izbrana besedila vrednotijo romane, novele in kratke zgodbe, ki so uvrščene med najboljših 300 v spletni podatkovni bazi Open Syllabus Project 2.0. To pomeni, da spadajo v kategorijo najpogosteje dodeljenih knjig v izobraževalnih ustanovah. Avtorji izbranega korpusa so uredniki, novinarji in pisatelji, med katerimi sta oba spola zastopana v enakem številu. Izbrana so bila le besedila, objavljena pred kratkim, saj je predmet magistrskega dela analiza vrednotenja sodobnega angleškega jezika.
Glavna metodologija, ki je uporabljena v magistrski nalogi, je teorija vrednotenja, ki sta jo razvila James Martin in Peter White (Martin in White). Teorija je bila osnovana znotraj sistemskega funkcionalnega jezikoslovja in se nanaša na teoretične koncepte Michaela Hallidayja (Halliday). Analiza jezika vrednotenja se je izvedla s pomočjo analitičnega orodja Catma 5.0, ki omogoča komentiranje besedil, njihovo analizo in vizualizacijo podatkov.
Rezultati analize kažejo, da so najbolj številčni primeri sredstev vrednotenja primeri presoje oz. odnosa do stanj, procesov in entitet (ang. appreciation). Iz tega izhaja, da je vrednotenje zgodbe in vsega, kar je z njo povezanega, v ospredju knjižnih recenzij. Nadalje analiza razkriva, da je vrednotenje v večji meri neposredno in je bralec direktno povabljen k branju knjige. Jezikovna sredstva odnosa (ang. attitude) se v izbranih besedilih stopnjujejo bolj glede na stopnjo in količino in manj glede na prototipičnost in marginalnost. Rezultati kažejo tudi, da recenzenti ne vključujejo veliko zunanjih virov v besedila in posledično zaprejo dialoški prostor za drugačne vidike in stališča.
Analiza jezika vrednotenja opozarja tudi na nekatere besedilno strukturne in semantične značilnosti knjižnih recenzij kot besedilne vrste. Izbrana besedila vsebujejo informacije o avtorju in knjigi, obnovo zgodbe ter ovrednotenje omenjenih elementov, ki se velikokrat prepletajo. Nekatere recenzije vsebujejo še osebne pripovedi, podrobnosti o knjigi in/ali numerično oceno. Najpomembnejša tematska značilnost vrednotenja v izbranih knjižnih recenzijah je kritika zahodnega zatiralca. Recenzenti obsojajo zločine proti človeštvu in dvomijo v zahodnjaške poglede, ki jih očitajo tudi bralcu, v katerem vidijo pripadnika omenjene identitete. Poleg tega rezultati analize kažejo, da so knjižne recenzije sobesedilna in medbesedilna vrsta, v kateri je vrednotenje realizirano na mnogo načinov. Obravnavana besedila in knjižne recenzije na splošno vsebujejo širok spekter leksikalnih in slovničnih struktur, zaradi česar predstavljajo zanimivo raziskovalno temo
Author Correction: The dengue-specific immune response and antibody identification with machine learning
No full textCorrection to: npj Vaccineshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-023-00788-7, published online 20 January 2024 In this article, the affiliation details for author Alexander Horst were incorrectly given as Alexander Horst1,2 but should have been Alexander Horst1 and other affiliations are renumbered. The original article has been corrected
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