11 research outputs found
Mechanical behavior and microstructure properties of titanium powder consolidated by high-pressure torsion
No full textResearch was conducted to investigate the potential for consolidating titanium powder using high-pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature. The nanostructured samples processed by HPT were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show there is a significant refinement of the Ti powder and it consolidates into bulk nanostructured titanium with a mean grain size estimated by TEM as ~200–300 nm and a mean crystallite size measured by XRD as ~20–30 nm. Microhardness measurements and tensile testing show high strength and low ductility after consolidation under a pressure of 6.0 GPa for 5 revolutions. Additional short annealing at a temperature of 300 °C for 10 minutes leads to a significant enhancement in ductility while maintaining the high strength
Literary games and videogames : for a ludological reading of Italo Calvino
No full textEn quoi Italo Calvino est-il un auteur ludique? Le but de cette thèse est de proposer une lecture ludologique d'Italo Calvino afin d'explorer les rapports structurels qu'entretiennent littérature et jeux vidéo. Après une première partie dans laquelle nous identifierons une certaine convergence entre la littérature informatique et interactive et l'utilisation de l'informatique à des fins ludiques, nous montrerons en quoi Calvino s'inscrit dans cette relation intermédiatique, comme le montre son intérêt pour les autres formes médiatiques, pour les progrès technologiques de son époque qui en a fait, malgré lui, un interlocuteur des sciences du jeu et de certains game designers. Nous verrons donc de quelle manière il est possible de voir dans la production calvinienne une logique de game design, qu'il s'agisse de la création de mondes fictionnels ou de l'organisation de leur exploitation, répondant à certains mécanismes appelant une certaine interactivité, et comment l'auteur peut être aussi défini comme un joueur dans son écriture, ainsi que ce que cette attitude implique et signifie. Cette approche ludologique nous amènera à proposer une définition de la littérarité calvinienne en regard avec sa ludicité. Autrement dit, explorer les aspects ludiques de la littérature calvinienne nous permettra de mieux la cerner, même dans ce qui échappe au jeu.What makes Italo Calvino a playful author? The aim of this thesis is to propose a ludological reading of Italo Calvino in order to explore the structural relationship between literature and video games. After a first part in which we will identify a convergence between interactive computer literature and the use of computer science for playful purposes, we will show how Calvino fits into this intermediatic connection, as shown by his interest in other media forms, in the technological progress of his time which made him, in spite of himself, an influential figure for game studies researchers and some game designers. We will therefore see how it is possible to perceive a logic inspired by game design in Calvino’s production, whether in the creation of fictional worlds or in the organization of their exploitation, which operates according to mechanisms calling for a certain form of interactivity, and how the author can also be defined as a player in his writing, as well as what this attitude implies and means. This ludological approach will lead us to propose a definition of Calvinian literality in relation to its ludicity. In other words, exploring the playful aspects of Calvinian literature will let us understand it more accurately, even in what is outside the sphere of play
« Si par une nuit d’été un game designer… » : un cas de mise en espace ludique d’Italo Calvino. Entre spatialisation thématique et ludoformation stylistique
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this article is to question the possibility of intersemiotic translation of a literary style through the analysis of a corpus of games from a series of game jams dedicated to the Italian author Italo Calvino. Through the study of each game created during this event, we explore the modalities by which the author’s stylistic elements are translated into the videogame grammar. The aim of this study is to ask how game designers appropriate this author and, consequently, how the ludoformation of an author’s work takes place when the themes that characterize him are less relevant than the style that identifies him.Le but de cet article est d’interroger la possibilité de traduction intersémiotique d’un style littéraire à travers l’analyse d’un corpus de jeux issus d’une série de game jams consacrées à l’auteur italien Italo Calvino. Par l’étude de chaque jeu proposé à cette occasion, les auteurs explorent les modalités par lesquelles les éléments de style de l’auteur sont traduits dans la grammaire vidéoludique. Il s’agira de se demander, au sein de cette étude, comment les game designers s’approprient cet auteur et, partant, comment s’opère la ludoformation de l’œuvre d’un auteur lorsque les thématiques qui le caractérisent sont moins pertinentes que le style qui l’identifie
Giochi letterari e videogiochi : Per una lettura ludologica di Italo Calvino
No full textWhat makes Italo Calvino a playful author? The aim of this thesis is to propose a ludological reading of Italo Calvino in order to explore the structural relationship between literature and video games. After a first part in which we will identify a convergence between interactive computer literature and the use of computer science for playful purposes, we will show how Calvino fits into this intermediatic connection, as shown by hisinterest in other media forms, in the technological progress of his time which made him, in spite of himself, an influential figure for game studies researchers and some game designers. We will therefore see how it is possible to perceive a logic inspired by game design in Calvino's production, whether in the creation of fictional worlds or in the organization of their exploitation, which operates according to mechanisms calling for a certainform of interactivity, and how the author can also be defined as a player in his writing, as well as what this attitude implies and means. This ludological approach will lead us to propose a definition of Calvinian literality in relation to its ludicity. In other words, exploring the playful aspects of Calvinian literature will let us understand it more accurately, even in what is outside the sphere of play.En quoi Italo Calvino est-il un auteur ludique? Le but de cette thèse est de proposer une lecture ludologique d'Italo Calvino afin d'explorer les rapports structurels qu'entretiennent littérature et jeux vidéo. Après une première partie dans laquelle nous identifierons une certaine convergence entre la littérature informatique et interactive et l'utilisation de l'informatique à des fins ludiques, nous montrerons en quoi Calvino s'inscritdans cette relation intermédiatique, comme le montre son intérêt pour les autres formes médiatiques, pour les progrès technologiques de son époque qui en a fait, malgré lui, un interlocuteur des sciences du jeu et de certains game designers. Nous verrons donc de quelle manière il est possible de voir dans la production calvinienne une logique de game design, qu'il s'agisse de la création de mondes fictionnels ou de l'organisation de leur exploitation, répondant à certains mécanismes appelant une certaine interactivité, et comment l'auteur peut être aussi défini comme un joueur dans son écriture, ainsi que ce que cette attitude implique et signifie. Cette approche ludologique nous amènera à proposer une définition de la littérarité calvinienne en regard avec sa ludicité. Autrement dit, explorer les aspects ludiques de la littérature calvinienne nous permettra de mieux la cerner, même dans ce qui échappe au jeu.Cosa fa di Italo Calvino un autore ludico? L'obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di proporre una lettura ludologica di Italo Calvino per esplorare le relazioni strutturali tra letteratura e videogiochi. Dopo una prima parte in cui individueremo una certa convergenza tra letteratura interattiva e l'uso dell'informatica a fini ludici, mostreremo come Calvino si inserisce in questo rapporto intermediatico, come dimostra il suo interesse per altreforme mediatiche, per il progresso tecnologico del suo tempo, che ne ha fatto, suo malgrado, un interlocutore delle scienze del gioco e di alcuni game designer. Vedremo quindi come sia possibile vedere nella produzione di Calvino una logica di game design, sia nella creazione di mondi fittizi che nell'organizzazione del loro sfruttamento, rispondendo a certi meccanismi che richiedono una certa interattività, e come l'autore possa anche essere definito come un giocatore nella sua scrittura, oltre a ciò che questo atteggiamento implica e significa. Questo approccio ludologico ci permetterà di proporre una definizione della letterarietà calviniano in relazione alla sua ludicità. In altre parole, esplorare gli aspetti ludici della letteratura calviniana ci permetterà di definirla meglio, anche in quello che sfugge al campo del gioco
Mechanical behavior and microstructure properties of titanium powder consolidated by high-pressure torsion
No full textResearch was conducted to investigate the potential for consolidating titanium powder using high-pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature. The nanostructured samples processed by HPT were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show there is a significant refinement of the Ti powder and it consolidates into bulk nanostructured titanium with a mean grain size estimated by TEM as ~200–300 nm and a mean crystallite size measured by XRD as ~20–30 nm. Microhardness measurements and tensile testing show high strength and low ductility after consolidation under a pressure of 6.0 GPa for 5 revolutions. Additional short annealing at a temperature of 300 °C for 10 min leads to a significant enhancement in ductility while maintaining the high strength.Peer Reviewe
In vitro corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of Ti6Al4V alloy in H2O2-containing physiological solutions
No full textTitanium and its alloys are among the most widely used non-biodegradable materials as implants in the human body. The corrosion resistance of titanium is mainly attributed to the presence of a thin passive layer on its surface that degrade in the presence of oxidizing species, such as oxygen peroxide (H2O2), leading to the device degradation and release of its constituents in the peri-implant tissues. H2O2 is produced by the immune system during inflammatory episodes and is also utilized by surgeons as antimicrobial treatment of peri-implant infection. Ti6Al4V alloy is a popular implant material because of its high mechanical properties, but it could be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) under mechanical load due to its β phase dissolution in H2O2-containing physiological solutions. However, no clear link has been established between the corrosive environment, the mechanical load and the microstructure of the Ti6Al4V alloy.
This contribution will report about the influence of H2O2 concentration on the corrosion of Ti6Al4V simulating in vitro inflammation conditions (low concentration) as well as disinfection procedures (high concentrations). Results on H2O2-driven degradation of the microstructure (mainly in the β phase ) and the mechanical properties of the alloy will be discussed
In vitro corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of Ti6Al4V alloy in H2O2-containing physiological solutions
No full textTitanium and its alloys are among the most widely used non-biodegradable materials as implants in the human body. The corrosion resistance of titanium is mainly attributed to the presence of a thin passive layer on its surface that degrade in the presence of oxidizing species, such as oxygen peroxide (H2O2), leading to the device degradation and release of its constituents in the peri-implant tissues. H2O2 is produced by the immune system during inflammatory episodes and is also utilized by surgeons as antimicrobial treatment of peri-implant infection. Ti6Al4V alloy is a popular implant material because of its high mechanical properties, but it could be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) under mechanical load due to its β phase dissolution in H2O2-containing physiological solutions. However, no clear link has been established between the corrosive environment, the mechanical load and the microstructure of the Ti6Al4V alloy.
This contribution will report about the influence of H2O2 concentration on the corrosion of Ti6Al4V simulating in vitro inflammation conditions (low concentration) as well as disinfection procedures (high concentrations). Results on H2O2-driven degradation of the microstructure (mainly in the β phase ) and the mechanical properties of the alloy will be discussed
Fatigue-corrosion behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloys in H2O2-containing physiological solution
No full textTitanium and its alloys stand out as widely employed non-biodegradable materials for medical implants. Among these alloys, Ti6Al4V is the prevalent biomedical implant material. However this materials suffers from degradation when exposed to reactive oxygen species, including oxygen peroxide (H2O2), especially during acute or chronic inflammation phases. This degradation process can lead to the deterioration of the implant device and the subsequent release of its constituents into the surrounding tissues, potentially giving rise to health issues. Moreover, for duplex α/β microstructures, selective dissolution of the β phase has been observed under such conditions, leading to sharp corrosion damage at the grain boundaries of α grains. These damages stand as initiation sites for fatigue mechanism.
This study, conducted within the context of the French-Swiss project LoCoMecha, investigates the fatigue-corrosion properties of Ti6Al4V with different microstructures when exposed to an H2O2-containing solution. To gain deeper insights into the underlying damaging mechanisms, the research involves not only comprehensive in situ electrochemical measurements but also ex-situ characterization of the crack path (e.g. 2D BIB-SEM and 3D FIB-SEM). The results are discussed, focusing on the initiation of corrosion defects at the surface, particularly in the β phase, and the subsequent fatigue propagation within the microstructure
Fatigue-corrosion behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloys in H2O2-containing physiological solution
No full textTitanium and its alloys stand out as widely employed non-biodegradable materials for medical implants. Among these alloys, Ti6Al4V is the prevalent biomedical implant material. However this materials suffers from degradation when exposed to reactive oxygen species, including oxygen peroxide (H2O2), especially during acute or chronic inflammation phases. This degradation process can lead to the deterioration of the implant device and the subsequent release of its constituents into the surrounding tissues, potentially giving rise to health issues. Moreover, for duplex α/β microstructures, selective dissolution of the β phase has been observed under such conditions, leading to sharp corrosion damage at the grain boundaries of α grains. These damages stand as initiation sites for fatigue mechanism.
This study, conducted within the context of the French-Swiss project LoCoMecha, investigates the fatigue-corrosion properties of Ti6Al4V with different microstructures when exposed to an H2O2-containing solution. To gain deeper insights into the underlying damaging mechanisms, the research involves not only comprehensive in situ electrochemical measurements but also ex-situ characterization of the crack path (e.g. 2D BIB-SEM and 3D FIB-SEM). The results are discussed, focusing on the initiation of corrosion defects at the surface, particularly in the β phase, and the subsequent fatigue propagation within the microstructure
Interdisciplinary strategies to reduce surgical infectious risk in the operating theater ::protocol for scoping review
No full textBackground: Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent one of the most prevalent and significant complications associated with surgical procedures, often leading to prolonged hospitalization and delayed patient recovery. While recent international consensus guidelines have proposed evidence-based strategies to mitigate SSIs, they fall short in addressing the efficient and interdisciplinary implementation of these measures within the operating theater. Consequently, further research is required to identify and evaluate optimal interdisciplinary organizational approaches for the prevention of SSIs. Objective: This study aims to map the scope, diversity, and nature of research on interdisciplinary strategies aimed at reducing SSIs and to analyze the impact of interdisciplinary on the effectiveness of preventive interventions. Methods: Using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews, a comprehensive search will be conducted across databases including Embase (encompassing MEDLINE and PubMed-not-MEDLINE), CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library, supplemented by manual searches of reference lists from included papers. This review targets studies published between 2016 and 2024, aligning with the World Health Organization’s 2016 SSI prevention guidelines, which introduced significant advancements in practice and remain the global benchmark. Only studies published in English or French will be considered. Around 5 reviewers independently distributed the included papers for detailed reading and data extraction, while the lead author concurrently and independently reviewed all papers. Inclusion criteria follow the Participants, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework, specifying that the eligible population comprises surgical teams. The primary concept of interest is interdisciplinary strategies aimed at preventing infection risk. The context focuses on adult surgical procedures within the operating room during turnover periods. Studies using experimental, quasi-experimental, preexperimental, observational, case-control, or cross-sectional designs will be included. Results: From the 1679 papers initially identified, 45 were selected for detailed analysis by 5 reviewers, with the selection process completed by November 2024. Conclusions: Emerging interdisciplinary strategies demonstrate significant potential in reducing the incidence of SSIs. This initiative forms part of a broader global project focused on codeveloping standardized protocols for preoperative preparation within the operating room to mitigate SSI risks. The findings of this scoping review will serve as the foundation for a subsequent qualitative survey and a pre-post quasi-experimental quantitative study to evaluate the integration and effectiveness of these strategies in clinical practice. The review protocol will be formally registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) in 2024
