1,720,968 research outputs found
A model of collective interpretation
Get PDFWe propose a cognitively plausible formal model of collective interpretation. The model represents how members of a collective interact to interpret their environment. Current theories of collective interpretation focus on how heedful communication among members of a collective (i.e., how much individuals pay attention to others’ interpretations) improves interpretive performance; their general assumption is that heed tends to be uniformly beneficial. By unpacking the micro-mechanisms that underlie such performance, our model reveals a more complex story. Heedfulness can benefit interpretive performance. It can help collectives properly interpret situations that are especially ambiguous, unknown, or novel. Conversely, heedfulness also generates conformity pressures that induce agents to give too much weight to others’ interpretations, even if erroneous, thereby potentially degrading interpretive performance. These two effects join into a non-monotonic trajectory that represents how heed relates to interpretive performance: due to its beneficial properties, performance increases with heed until it peaks before degrading due to conformity pressures. The form of this non-monotonic relationship is contingent on the nature of the task: ambiguous situations make collectives vulnerable to too much heed: ambiguity ignites conformism; novel situations make collectives dependent on heed: novelty requires multiple eyes to be seen. In addition to these results, our model offers a flexible platform that future work can use to explore collective interpretation in a variety of organizational and supra-organizational contexts
Searching, Shaping, and the Quest for Superior Performance
No full textThis article has three premises. First, much strategy work has tended to focus
more on search than shaping the business context. Second, prior research has yet to precisely
define and elucidate conceptually what it means to shape the business context.
We argue that shaping entails creating or changing the payoff structure—the mapping
between the choices that firms make and the payoffs to them—for all firms in a particular
business context. Third, research has paid limited attention to the interdependencies
between search and shaping, and to what we call the “paradox of shaping.” That is, firms
face the paradox that although they can improve their performance by shaping the business
context or landscape, the more often other firms reshape the landscape and the more
elements of the landscape that other firms alter, the less sustainable are any competitive
advantages derived from shaping. Taken together, these premises highlight an important
gap–that most theories and formal models of firm performance, strategic opportunities,
and competitive advantage, miss an important component of the profitability equation—
and addressing it is precisely what this article aspires to do
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cognition, capabilities, and the evolutionary dynamics of organizations
No full textUnderstanding the genesis and evolution of organizational capabilities is one of the central concerns of recent theoretical work in strategic management and organization theory. Answering this question is particularly important to the search for an intellectual framework that explains differential performance of firms in Schumpeterian business environments. Following the evolutionary theory of Nelson and Winter (1982), much of this literature emphasizes processes of experiential learning and local search, which lead to the evolution of relatively stable organizational routines. This work proposes that capabilities slowly evolve on the basis of performance feedback from past experience, or as a result of positive and negative reinforcement from prior choices. Although this perspective powerfully describes many aspects of behavior in organizations, it less successfully captures other key organizational phenomena such as intentionality, deliberation, agency and explicit cognition: intelligent action is driven not only by actors\u27 experience in the world, but also by these actors\u27 beliefs or theories about the world. As boundedly rational actors, managers develop simplified representations of their decision problem, and use them to explicitly consider the possible consequences of the choices they make. This thesis attempts to develop a more comprehensive theory about the genesis and evolution of organizational capabilities. It complements evolutionary explanations by jointly considering managerial cognitive processes and the local intelligence of experiential learning. These issues are examined in three essays. The first develops theoretical foundations by using a formal model of organizational cognition and action. The second essay explores the relationship between cognition and action via an in-depth field study of a firm undergoing a radical transition. This study grounds the development of a model, explicated in the third essay, that examines how these processes occur within organizational hierarchies and attempts to show how corporate executives can influence the evolutionary dynamics of firm capabilities
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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