130,529 research outputs found
The impact of local government restructuring on the functioning of the Kai !Garib Local Municipality
No full textDissertation (M.Pub. (Public Management))--University of the Free State, 2005The ultimate aim of government is to act on behalf of the citizens they serve. In doing so, governments have to render basic services and create an environment in which citizens can initiate endeavours to improve their living conditions. Government in South Africa was transformed in 1994 and the post 1994 government has since had the challenging task of providing services to citizens and eradicating the legacy of a previous system, characterised by disparities. / As far as direct responsibility for service rendering is concerned, local government has a particularly meaningful role, because it is the sphere of government people relate to most easily. In order to be able to meet the increasing challenges of governance, local government also underwent fundamental changes. 5 December 2000 heralded a new era for local government in South Africa, with the transformation of local government leading to the number of municipalities in the country being reduced from more than 800 to 284. These changes meant that many formerly independent municipalities have amalgamated to form new municipal organisations. Change in organisations invariably leads to conflict that, if not sufficiently dealt with can have a negative impact on the functioning of an organisation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of local government restructuring on municipalities with specific reference to the Kai !Garib Local Municipality in the Northern Cape. The study focuses on aspects such as the historical development of local government in South Africa, the legislative framework for the new system of local government in the country as well as the need for efficient organisational structures as a means to deal with potential ill effects of the restructuring of local government. Finally, empirical research is conducted at the Kai ! Garib Local Municipality in order to determine the views of role players in the Municipality, and finding solutions to potential problem areas.
___________________________________________________________________Die uiteindelike doelwit van 'n regering is om namens die burgers wat dit dien op te tree. Om dit te doen moet regerings basiese dienste lewer en 'n omgewing skep waarbinne burgers inisiatiewe van stapel kan stuur om hul lewensomstandighede te verbeter. Die regering in Suid Afrika is in 1994 getransformeer en die post 1994 regering het sedertdien die uitdagende taak om dienste aan burgers the lewer en om die nalatenskap van 'n vorige bedeling wat / gekenmerk is deur ongelykhede uit te wis. In terme van direkte verantwoordelikheid vir dienslewering, het plaaslike regering 'n betekenisvolle rol, omdat dit die sfeer van regering verteenwoordig met wie mense die maklikste kan assosieer. Ten einde die toenemende uitdagings van regering na te kan kom, het plaaslike regering ook fundamentele veranderinge ondergaan. 5 Desember 2000 het 'n nuwe era vir plaaslike regering in Suid Afrika ingelui met hierdie transformasie wat gelei het tot die vermindering van die aantal munisipaliteite in die land van nagenoeg 800 tot 284. Hierdie veranderinge het in baie gevalle beteken dat voorheen onafhanklike munisipaliteite saamgevoeg is om nuwe munisipale organisasies te vorm. Verandering in organisasies lei dikwels tot konflik wat, indien dit nie aangespreek word nie, 'n negatiewe impak op die funksionering van 'n organisasie kan hê. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die impak van die herstrukturering van plaaslike regering op munisipaliteite te ondersoek met spesifieke verwysing na die Kai !Garib Plaaslike Munisipaliteit. Die studie fokus op aspekte soos die historiese ontwikkeling van plaaslike regering in Suid Afrika, die wetlike raamwerk vir die nuwe plaaslike regeringstelsel sowel as die belangrikheid daarvan om te midde van die herstrukturering doeltreffende organisatoriese strukture te vestig om moontlike negatiewe uitwerkings van herstrukturering die hoof te bied. Ten laaste is 'n empiriese ondersoek by die Kai !Garib Plaaslike Munisipaliteit onderneem om rolspelers by die munisipaliteit se mening rakende herstrukturering te bepaal en oplossings te vind vir potensiële probleemareas.
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MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Es-Sicistânî'nin Nüzhetü'l-Kulûb ve Emîr es-San'ânî'nin Tefsîru Garîbi'l-Kur'ân isimli eserlerinin mukayesesi Comparison of es-Sicistânî's Nüzhet al-Kulûb and Emir es-Sanânî's Tafsîru Garib al-Qur'an
No full textxi, 122 sayfa29 cm. 1 CDÖZETGarîbü'l-Kur'ân, Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'deki garîb lafızların tefsirini konu alan bir ilimdir. Geçmişten günümüze kadar birbirinden farklı hacim ve üslupla pek çok Garîbü'l-Kur'ân eseri kaleme alınmış ve bu vesileyle zengin bir literatür ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışma, hicrî 4. yüzyılda yaşamış olan Muhammed b. Uzeyz es-Sicistânî'nin Nüzhetü'l-Kulûb adlı eseri ile hicrî 12. yüzyıl gibi, nispeten daha geç bir dönemde yaşamış olan Emîr es-San'ânî'nin Tefsîru Garîbi'l-Kur'ân adlı eserini konu almaktadır. Çalışmamız bir giriş, üç bölüm ve sonuç kısmından oluşmaktadır. Giriş kısmında araştırmanın amacı ve metodu hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Birinci bölümde Muhammed b. Uzeyz es-Sicistânî (ö.330) ile Emîr es-San'ânî'nin (ö.1182) hayatları, ilmî kişilikleri ve Garîbü'l-Kur'ân'a dair kaleme aldıkları eserleri tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. Müellifler ve eserleriyle ilgili yapılan çalışmalara da yine bu bölümde yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde garîb kelimesinin lügat ve ıstılah anlamları incelenerek, garîb kelimesinin kavramsal çerçevesi çizilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ardından Garîbu'l- Kur'ân ilminin tanımı, doğuş ve gelişme süreci ile öneminden bahsedilerekayrıca kapsamlı bir Garîbü'l-Kur'ân literatürüne yer verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde teze konu edilen iki Garîbü'l-Kur'ân eseri kaynaklar, metot, içerik ve biçim (tertip) gibi pek çok yönden karşılaştırmaya tabi tutulmuştur. Gerekli görülen yerlerde tablolar kullanılarak elde edilen veriler daha somut ve pratik bir biçimde ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç kısmında ise çalışmadan elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Her iki eser arasında üslup ve kelimelerin anlamlarınının tespiti açısından yüksek oranda benzerliklerin bulunduğuaynı kelimeye zıt manaların verilmesi gibi büyük mana farklılıkların bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte eserlerde yer verilen garîb kelimelerin sayısı, şiir ile istişhâda başvurma sıklığı ve kelimelerin imlası vb. konularda az da olsa farklılıklar belirlenmiştir.ABSTRACTGarib al-Qur'an is a science that deals with the interpretation of garib (meaning unclear) words in the Qur'an. From the past to the present, many Garib al-Qur'an, on this occasion, works have been written in various volumes and genres, and a vast literature has been presented. Research scope is include Muhammad b. Uzeyz es-Sicistani's Nuzhet al-Kulûb fî Tafsîr Garib al-Qur'an al-Aziz and the study deals with the works of Emir es-San'ani, who lived in a slightly later period, such as the 12th century, called Tafsîru Garib al-Qur'an . This study consists of these sections: introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The objective and methods of the research are explained in the introduction section. In the first chapter, the lexical and terminology meanings of the word garîb are examined, The conceptual framework of the word garîb has been attempting to drawned. Then, by mentioning the definition of the discipline of Garib al-Qur'an, the dawn of Garib al-Qur'an and development process and emphasize of importance tried to be defined. In addition, a comprehensive Garib al-Qur'an literature is included in the end of chapter. In the second chapter, The lives of Muhammad b. Uzeyz es-Sicistânî (d.330) and Emir es-San'ani (d.1182), their academic lifes and their bibliographies on Garib al-Qur'an were aimed to be introduced. Authors publications and their works are also included in this section. Within the third chapter, the two Garib al-Qur'an works, which are the subject of the proposal, have been compared in numerous ways such as sources, strategy, substance and frame (contexture). In the summary, there is the the data obtained from the study were evaluated. It has been determined that there are high similarities between the two works in terms of determining the style and the meanings of the Garib al-Qur'an's words. It has been determined that there are no big meaning differences such as giving opposite meanings to the same word. However, there were slight differences in matters such as the number of Garib al-Qur'an words included in the worksthe frequency of reference to poetry and istişhâd method, the spelling of the words are the small differences found out
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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