1,720,974 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Kinmen, un archipel entre Taiwan et la Chine
No full textInternational audienceC’est le reliquat de la guerre civile chinoise (1946-1950) et de la Guerre froide. À quelques kilomètres seulement des côtes de la République populaire de Chine, aux portes de la province continentale du Fujian, le drapeau de la République de Chine (Taiwan) flotte encore sur le petit archipel de Kinmen (Quemoy). La lecture de cet ouvrage s’impose à qui veut comprendre la question sino-taiwanaise et la menace qu’elle fait peser sur la paix mondiale, en ces temps dangereux. Et aussi à qui veut reprendre à nouveaux frais le rapport de l’État à la nation, dans une perspective comparative
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
La République de Chine (hors Taiwan) : construction et territorialisation du politique à travers le détroit de Formose vues depuis Kinmen (Quemoy)
No full textContrary to generally accepted ideas, the territorial configuration stemming from the partition of China is not perfectly congruent to the median line of the Formosa Strait. Admittedly, Taiwan Island, a border area integrated lately to the Chinese Empire before becoming a Japanese colony (1895-1945), was used as a fallback base by the Republic of China as early as December 1949, two months after the proclamation of the People’s Republic of China. Yet, Chiang Kai-shek also managed to maintain his control at the gates of the mainland he ambitioned to recover, by transforming Kinmen (Quemoy) into a stepping stone for a potential counteroffensive. This small archipelago, located a short distance from the Chinese coastline, was therefore subjected to military administration until 1992, while Taiwan Island became the crucible of the Republic of China’s indigenization post-1949 – and of its democratization post 1987. In other words, although nothing predestined Kinmen to be cut off from the Chinese mainland and governed from the other side of the Formosa Strait, the small archipelago is now placed under the sovereignty of a state conveying an imagined community supposed to exclude it: the Republic of China (Taiwan). By exploring the mismatch between the limits of the Taiwanese imagined community and the territorial borders of the Republic of China, this thesis – coming under historical sociology and comparative politics, and nourished by a 12-month field survey – reintroduces the place and the role assigned to Kinmen inhabitants, as well as the place and the role Kinmen inhabitants have assigned to themselves, within the framework of cross-Strait relations since 1949.Contrairement aux représentations communément admises, la partition chinoise ne s’est pas parfaitement cristallisée de part et d’autre du détroit de Formose. Certes l’île de Taiwan, terre de frontières administrée tardivement par l’Empire chinois puis devenue colonie japonaise (1895-1945), a servi de base de repli à la République de Chine dès décembre 1949, deux mois après la proclamation de la République populaire de Chine. Mais Chiang Kai shek est également parvenu à se maintenir aux portes du continent qu’il souhaitait reconquérir, faisant de Kinmen (Quemoy) le tremplin d’une potentielle contre-offensive. Ce petit archipel, situé à quelques encablures des côtes chinoises, a donc été placé sous administration militaire jusqu’en 1992 tandis que l’île de Taiwan est devenue le creuset de l’indigénisation de la République de Chine post partition – puis de sa démocratisation à partir de 1987. Ainsi, alors que rien ne prédestinait l’archipel de Kinmen à être détaché du continent qui l’enserre pour être gouverné depuis la rive opposée du détroit, il se retrouve aujourd’hui sous souveraineté d’un État vecteur d’une communauté imaginée censée l’exclure a priori : la République de Chine (Taiwan). En raisonnant à partir de la non congruence entre limites de la communauté imaginée taiwanaise et frontières de l’État République de Chine, la thèse – inscrite dans le champ de la sociologie historique et comparée du politique et nourrie par douze mois d’enquête de terrain – restitue la place et le rôle attribués à Kinmen et à ses habitants, de même que la place et le rôle que les habitants de Kinmen s’attribuent, dans les relations à travers le détroit de Formose depuis 1949
Beyond the median line: reassessing Kinmen's geostrategic significance, past and present
No full textTaiwan Security and Diplomacy Program, FRSKinmen holds a singular position in cross-Strait relations. Located mere kilometers from Xiamen (People’s Republic of China, PRC) yet administered by Taipei (Republic of China, ROC), the archipelago defies geographic logic through historical contingency. As tensions escalate and Crimea comparisons multiply in strategic analyses, assessing the contemporary significance of Kinmen becomes essential for understanding Beijing’s broader Taiwan strategy and evaluating invasion scenarios that dominate current policy debates. Drawing on Michel Foucher’s definition of borders as “time inscribed in space”,1 this note argues that Kinmen’s geopolitical significance cannot be grasped without historicizing it at the intersection of World War II, the Chinese Civil War, and the Cold War. Only through such analysis can we understand how the archipelago contingently emerged as one of the world’s most critical flashpoints in the 1950s before gradually fading from view and, crucially, how its function has been reconfigured rather than extinguished. The thesis is twofold. First, while Kinmen retains symbolic importance as an ‘anchor’ tying Taiwan to the mainland, its function has radically shifted: from first-order military front during the 1954-1958 crises to gray zone instrumentalized for cross-Strait rapprochement and hybrid operations testing. Second, contrary to predictions drawing parallels with Crimea, a Kinmen invasion remains fundamentally counterproductive for Beijing, which derives greater strategic benefit from maintaining the archipelago under Taipei’s control as a platform for graduated pressure than from military conquest. This reassessment challenges prevailing assumptions about proximity, vulnerability, and escalation dynamics in the Taiwan Strait
The Republic of China (beyond Taiwan) : political construction and territorialization through the Formosa Strait viewed from Kinmen (Quemoy)
No full textContrairement aux représentations communément admises, la partition chinoise ne s’est pas parfaitement cristallisée de part et d’autre du détroit de Formose. Certes l’île de Taiwan, terre de frontières administrée tardivement par l’Empire chinois puis devenue colonie japonaise (1895-1945), a servi de base de repli à la République de Chine dès décembre 1949, deux mois après la proclamation de la République populaire de Chine. Mais Chiang Kai shek est également parvenu à se maintenir aux portes du continent qu’il souhaitait reconquérir, faisant de Kinmen (Quemoy) le tremplin d’une potentielle contre-offensive. Ce petit archipel, situé à quelques encablures des côtes chinoises, a donc été placé sous administration militaire jusqu’en 1992 tandis que l’île de Taiwan est devenue le creuset de l’indigénisation de la République de Chine post partition – puis de sa démocratisation à partir de 1987. Ainsi, alors que rien ne prédestinait l’archipel de Kinmen à être détaché du continent qui l’enserre pour être gouverné depuis la rive opposée du détroit, il se retrouve aujourd’hui sous souveraineté d’un État vecteur d’une communauté imaginée censée l’exclure a priori : la République de Chine (Taiwan). En raisonnant à partir de la non congruence entre limites de la communauté imaginée taiwanaise et frontières de l’État République de Chine, la thèse – inscrite dans le champ de la sociologie historique et comparée du politique et nourrie par douze mois d’enquête de terrain – restitue la place et le rôle attribués à Kinmen et à ses habitants, de même que la place et le rôle que les habitants de Kinmen s’attribuent, dans les relations à travers le détroit de Formose depuis 1949.Contrary to generally accepted ideas, the territorial configuration stemming from the partition of China is not perfectly congruent to the median line of the Formosa Strait. Admittedly, Taiwan Island, a border area integrated lately to the Chinese Empire before becoming a Japanese colony (1895-1945), was used as a fallback base by the Republic of China as early as December 1949, two months after the proclamation of the People’s Republic of China. Yet, Chiang Kai-shek also managed to maintain his control at the gates of the mainland he ambitioned to recover, by transforming Kinmen (Quemoy) into a stepping stone for a potential counteroffensive. This small archipelago, located a short distance from the Chinese coastline, was therefore subjected to military administration until 1992, while Taiwan Island became the crucible of the Republic of China’s indigenization post-1949 – and of its democratization post 1987. In other words, although nothing predestined Kinmen to be cut off from the Chinese mainland and governed from the other side of the Formosa Strait, the small archipelago is now placed under the sovereignty of a state conveying an imagined community supposed to exclude it: the Republic of China (Taiwan). By exploring the mismatch between the limits of the Taiwanese imagined community and the territorial borders of the Republic of China, this thesis – coming under historical sociology and comparative politics, and nourished by a 12-month field survey – reintroduces the place and the role assigned to Kinmen inhabitants, as well as the place and the role Kinmen inhabitants have assigned to themselves, within the framework of cross-Strait relations since 1949
Une épistémologie de la « question taiwanaise »: Ce que Kinmen (Quemoy) révèle du détroit de Taiwan
No full textInternational audienceThe Taiwan Strait is commonly regarded as the border area which articulates the relationship between the entities circumscribed by its two shores: the Chinese mainland on the West and Taiwan (Island) on the East. Yet, this representation contradicts the political cartography of this area. The Taipei government’s sovereignty actually spans the Taiwan Strait to include Kinmen, an archipelago located off the coast of Mainland China, i.e. twenty times closer to the city of Xiamen (PRC) than to Taiwan Island. This paper, based on Michel Foucault’s concept of “eventialization”, aims at unveiling the mechanisms responsible for Kinmen’s invisiblisation in the imagined cartography of the Taiwan Strait. Such a genealogical approach reveals that the so-called “Taiwan issue” actually stems from an amalgam between two distinct sovereignty issues taking place in the same maritime space.Il est coutume de se représenter le détroit de Taiwan comme l’espace articulant les relations entre les entités circonscrites par ses deux rives : le continent chinois à l’Ouest et (l’île de) Taiwan à l’Est. Cette représentation contredit pourtant la cartographie politique réelle de la zone dans la mesure où la souveraineté du gouvernement de Taipei enjambe le détroit en s’exerçant sur l’archipel de Kinmen, situé à une dizaine de kilomètres de la ville de Xiamen (en République populaire de Chine), soit vingt fois plus loin de l’île de Taiwan proprement dite. En se fondant sur le concept foucaldien d’"événementialisation", le présent article propose d’étudier les mécanismes ayant conduit à l’invisibilisation de Kinmen dans la cartographie imaginée du détroit de Taiwan. Cette approche généalogique révèle que la "question taiwanaise" procède en réalité d’un amalgame entre deux conflits de souveraineté articulés autour du même espace maritime
Kinmen, un archipel entre Taiwan et la Chine
No full textInternational audienceC’est le reliquat de la guerre civile chinoise (1946-1950) et de la Guerre froide. À quelques kilomètres seulement des côtes de la République populaire de Chine, aux portes de la province continentale du Fujian, le drapeau de la République de Chine (Taiwan) flotte encore sur le petit archipel de Kinmen (Quemoy). La lecture de cet ouvrage s’impose à qui veut comprendre la question sino-taiwanaise et la menace qu’elle fait peser sur la paix mondiale, en ces temps dangereux. Et aussi à qui veut reprendre à nouveaux frais le rapport de l’État à la nation, dans une perspective comparative
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