107,009 research outputs found
Ion-exchange enhancement of borosilicate glass vials for pharmaceutical packaging
No full textPharmaceutical containers for parenteral use, including vials, ampoules, prefilled syringes, and cartridges, are traditionally made of glass. However, the most commonly used type, borosilicate glass, is susceptible to issues such as breakage, corrosion, and delamination, which can jeopardize the safety and efficacy of the enclosed drugs. To address these concerns without compromising the visual or qualitative aspects of borosilicate medical glass vials, this study aimed at the enhancement of their mechanical, chemical, and corrosion resistance. A single ion exchange treatment (IET) in a salt bath of molten KNO3 at temperatures of 400, 450, and 500 °C for 2, 12, and 24 h was applied. The effects of the ion exchange process performed under different conditions were assessed by measuring Vickers hardness, crushing load, and chemical durability. The mechanical load required to crush full-body vials after the ion exchange process at 500 °C for 2, 12, and 24 h showed an increase in the applied force values (1650 ± 80, 2340 ± 80, and 2325 ± 40 N) compared to untreated vials (1157 ± 20 N). No radial cracks were observed on the surface of treated glass vials after indentation, indicating the presence of compressive stresses that prevented the initiation and propagation of cracks. The EDS analysis confirmed an increase in potassium concentration and a decrease in sodium content near the surface of samples modified by ion exchange treatment. The treated samples showed appropriate chemical stability in different acidic, basic, and neutral solutions. Conspicuous changes are noticed in the Raman spectra after IET, specifically in the Qn species region. The results indicate the potential of the ion exchange treatment in enhancing the properties of borosilicate glass vials by relatively simple and easily scalable techniques
Bobot Organ Limfoid dan Rasio Heterofil-Limfosit pada Kalkun yang Diberi Daun Gamal dan Cekuti sebagai Substitusi Poultry Meat Meal
No full textABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggantian poultry meat meal (PMM) dengan tepung daun gamal dan cekuti terhadap ketahanan tubuh kalkun berdasarkan bobot relatif bursa, limpa, timus dan rasio heterofil-limfosit (H/L). Manfaat dari penelitian untuk meminimalisir biaya pengeluaran bahan pakan hewani yang mahal dengan sumber protein nabati yang tersedia lokal. Ternak yang digunakan adalah kalkun sebanyak 100 ekor unsex umur 2,5 bulan dan ransum mengandung tepung daun gamal serta cekuti. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 kelompok. Perlakuan penelitian terdiri dari T0 (ransum kontrol dengan PMM sebagai sumber protein hewani), T1 (ransum dengan 5% tepung daun gamal sebagai pengganti PMM), T2 (ransum dengan 10% tepung daun gamal, tanpa PMM), T3 (ransum dengan 5% tepung daun cekuti sebagai pengganti PMM), dan T4 (ransum dengan 10% tepung daun cekuti, tanpa PMM). Pengelompokan berdasarkan bobot badan yaitu K1 (bobot 300 – 375 g), K2 (376 – 450 g), K3 (451 – 525 g), dan K4 (526 – 600 g). Data diolah menggunakan analysis of variance dan uji lanjut dengan duncan multiple range test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa substitusi tepung daun gamal dan cekuti terhadap PMM tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap bobot relatif timus dan bursa, tetapi berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap bobot relatif limpa dan rasio H/L. Simpulan dari penelitian bahwa tepung daun gamal dan cekuti pada level 5% sebagai pengganti PMM menunjukkan ketahanan tubuh lebih baik dilihat dari penurunan rasio H/L dan bobot relatif limpa dengan bobot bursa fabrisius sama dengan kontrol.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Tuning of pH enables carbon-13 hyperpolarization of oxalates by SABRE
No full textNuclear spin hyperpolarization transforms typically weak NMR responses into strong signals paving the way for low-gamma nuclei detection within practical time-frames. SABRE (Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange) is a particularly popular hyperpolarization technique due to its simplicity but the pool of molecules it can polarize is limited. The recent advancement in the form of co-ligands has made SABRE applicable towards molecules with O-donor sites e.g. pyruvate, a key step towards its potential clinical application. Here we explore the SABRE hyperpolarization of another compound with an alpha-keto motif, namely oxalate. We show that hyperpolarization of oxalate may be achieved by adjusting the pH in the presence of sulfoxide co-ligands. The SABRE effect for oxalate in methanol solutions is most effective for the mono-protonated form, which is dominant in the solution around pH ∼2.8. The polarization levels become markedly lower at both higher and lower pH. Employing 50% enriched pH2 we achieve up to 0.33% net 13C polarization in mono-protonated oxalate. In an alternative procedure we show that the hyperpolarization effect in oxalates can also be realised by synthesizing an esterified version of it, without any substantive pH implications. Further, the procedures to create hyperpolarized singlet orders in such substrates are also investigated
In Memory of Prof. Yehia El-Gamal
No full textWith great sorrow, the editorial team of the Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology announce the sad demise of Professor Yehia El-Gamal, the Editor-in Chief, who passed away, on Saturday March 6, 2021 .Prof. El-Gamal established the specialty of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology in Egypt and the Middle East and founded the first specialized unit in this specialty in 1988 which has been accredited as a WAO International Center of Excellence since 2018. Prof. El-Gamal chaired the Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University from 1997 till 2001. He founded the Egyptian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (ESPAI) in 2002 which produces this journal since 2003. With his devotion and tremendous efforts, the journal became acknowledged by the Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB) and has become indexed in the Web of Science (Clarivate) since 2019. It is, therefore, considered an international publication by the Supreme Councils of Egyptian Universities .Prof. El-Gamal received many prestigious awards including the State Merit Prize in Medicine (2014), the National First-Degree Golden Medal for Science and Art, the Discretionary Award of Ain Shams University (2011) and Egypt's 1st Degree Golden Medal for Science and Art in 2016. He was also granted the WAO Distinguished International Service Award in 2011 and the ACAAI Distinguished International Fellow Award in 2009. He was granted with a group of researchers the Elsevier Atlas Award 2017. The Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology grants a 15,000 Egyptian pound distinction award carrying his name yearly since 1989 and he was granted the title of Ideal Medical Educator by the Egyptian Medical Syndicate in 1995.As a known international figure, Prof. Yehia El-Gamal was member of the World Allergy Organization (WAO) Board of Directors (2007 - 2011) and Chair of the WAO Bylaws Committee and Co-Chair of its Ethics Committee. He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) since 1992 and chaired its Middle East and Africa Region Committee (2008 - 2011). He was also member of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) since 2001 and fellow of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) since 2007. He was instrumental in founding the Pan-Arab Society of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (PASAAI) in 2019. He served as member of the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) of the World Health Organization (WHO) for polio eradication.His Scopus h-index is 23 which reflects citations from 145 publications in international, regional, and national periodicals and is member of the editorial board and regular reviewer of many national and international journals and he authored and co-authored chapters in several books including the World Allergy Organization White Book in Allergy. Supervised 30 PhD and 103 Masters’ theses in pediatrics and Allergy/Immunology and he participated in 167 international, regional, and local congresses and scientific meetings.As a mentor and leader, Prof El-Gamal was always a great gift, gracious and wonderful professor, true gentleman, and a kind benevolent father to all of us. We do pay tribute to such a great physician and educator .We are truly saddened by his demise and do miss his sincere mentorship and support but will do our very best to ensure that his legacy stays alive .The Editorial Boar
Pengaruh Umur Pemotongan Terhadap Produktivitas Gamal (Gliricidia Sepium)
No full textThe purpose of the study was to determine the effect of cutting interval on production, and nutrition of gamal (Gliricidia sepium). The study was conducted on Agriranch sheep farm, Pandan Rejo Subdistrict, Bumi Aji District of Malang Regency from May 25th to August 25th 2012. Proximate Analysis was carried out at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Animal Husbandry Faculty, Brawijaya University. The study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) which consisted of four treatments and three cutting age groups. The treatments were U60 (60 days of cutting age), U80 (80 days of cutting age), U100 (100 days of cutting age), and U120 (120 days of cutting age). The study found that the lowest production of leaves, twigs, dry matter, organic matter, and fibre were at 60 days of cutting age. Meanwhile the highest production of them was at 120 days of cutting age. However, the lowest crude protein content was found at 120 days cutting age. The study suggests that gamal was able to provide better nutrition as animal forages at 80 days of cutting age
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’S H-Index
No full textThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear
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