859 research outputs found
Database used in Machine Learning Methods to Map Stabilizer Effectiveness based on Common Soil Properties
No full textThis database consists of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of chemically stabilized soil along with data such as percentage of sand, silty, and clay, Liquid Limit (LL), Plastic Limit (PL), Plasticity Index (PI), percentage of stabilizer, and organic content. All of these data were digitized from the reports, articles, dissertations, etc. that are listed in the journal related to this database.
The UCS values are provided for 7 days soaked, 7 days unsoaked, 28 days Soaked, and 28 days unsoaked strength for 237 sample
Reading: Amit Majmudar
No full textBecause of COVID-19 this event is canceled.
Amit Majmudar, a multi-genre author and translator, offers a Sacred Arts Festival reading that explores the concept of Building Bridges.
Co-sponsored by the Department of English and the Sacred Arts Festival
Exploring young students creativity: The effect of model eliciting activities
No full textThe aim of this paper is to show how engaging students in real-life mathematical situations can stimulate their mathematical creative thinking. We analyzed the mathematical modeling of two girls, aged 10 and 13 years, as they worked on an authentic task involving the selection of a track team. The girls displayed several modeling cycles that revealed their thinking processes, as well as cognitive and affective features that may serve as the foundation for a methodology that uses model-eliciting activities to promote the mathematical creative process
Reviewing the Author-Function in the Age of Wikipedia
No full textIn Reviewing the Author-Function in the Age of Wikipedia, Amit Ray and Erhardt Graeff examine how wiki technology challenges traditional concepts of authorship and authority in knowledge production. The authors build on poststructuralist theory, particularly Roland Barthes\u27s Death of the Author and Michel Foucault\u27s concept of the author-function, to analyze how wikis destabilize individual authorship in favor of collaborative, community-driven content creation.
The essay argues that wikis represent a fundamental shift from the Romantic notion of the solitary author-genius to what they term the wiki writing process —a dynamic system where traditional roles of reader, writer, and editor blur into a unified community of users. Using Wikipedia as a primary case study, the authors demonstrate how the platform\u27s structure (article, discussion, and history pages) creates a digital palimpsest that archives all contributions while enabling continuous revision.
Through analysis of Wikipedia\u27s editing patterns and community oversight mechanisms, Ray and Graeff show how wikis embody poststructuralist principles in practice, creating what they call serial collaborations that exist in perpetual flux. The authors conclude that wikis represent an evolved form of textual production that realizes Foucault\u27s vision of discourse freed from traditional authorial constraints, offering new possibilities for collaborative knowledge creation while challenging established notions of intellectual authority and ownership
The Architecture of India
No full textBook review of "India: Modern Architecture in History" and author interview with Peter Scriver and Amit Srivastav
Machine Learning Methods to Map Stabilizer Effectiveness Based on Common Soil Properties
No full textUnconfined compressive strength (UCS) has been widely used as one of the primary criteria for the selection of optimum type and amount of chemical stabilizer for subgrade/base stabilization. Guidelines established by various state and federal agencies aid in selecting these optimum values by recommending an initial type and amount based on a wide range of soil index properties. A significant number of laboratory trials have to be done to establish the optimum type and amount of stabilizer for a given target strength. This process takes a copious amount of time, money, and the workforce. In addition to that, the finite number of samples brought to the laboratory for characterization of chemical stabilization might not be representative of the problematic area. This study proposes the use of machine learning models to minimize the number of trials and assist in sample collection strategies by spatial mapping of predicted stabilized strength. Supervised machine-learning approaches including regression and classification were used for predicting the quantitative and categorical (pass/fail for a given threshold strength) response respectively. The parameters that didn’t have collinearity issues and are available in the Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) were chosen as input parameters for model development. An existing dataset from Australia was used to study the effectiveness of classification techniques in establishing optimum stabilizer type and amount. This analysis showed that classification methods performed well with a median correct-rate of 0.88 and median True Positive Rate (TPR) of 0.94. After this initial analysis, a database consisting of US soils and the corresponding stabilization data was compiled. Regression models using this new dataset for US soils showed comparable or better performance than regression models reported by other researchers to predict UCS values with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.50 MPa (72.52 psi) for lime treated soils and 0.53MPa (76.87 psi) for cement treated soils. The classification model for the US soils had a median correct-rate of 0.92 and TPR of 0.94 for lime treated soils, while the same for cement treated soils were 0.80 and 0.77. The carefully chosen model input parameters (soil properties from SSURGO) in this study not only assist in arriving at an optimal type and amount of stabilizer but also help visualize the spatial distribution of UCS values for any given area within the US thereby enhancing sample collection strategies
Haloacetonitriles (HANs): Factors Affecting Their Formation and Mitigation
No full textHaloacetonitriles (HANs) are nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (DBPs) detected frequently in chlorinated and chloraminated water. HANs are considered a serious concern in drinking water and water reuse, as some unregulated HANs have been found to be more cytotoxic and genotoxic compared to regulated DBPs. This research focused on two issues regarding HAN formation during chlorination and chloramination of source waters. The first issue investigated the effects of various water quality and operation parameters, including disinfection mode, chlorine (or chloramine) dose, chlorine (or chloramine) contact time, pH, and bromide concentration, on the formation of HANs during the chlorination and chloramination of a tertiary filtered wastewater effluent and surface water used as a drinking water source. HAN formation potentials in two sources were determined under varying levels of the aforementioned factors, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess their significance. Tertiary wastewater effluent exhibited a higher potential for HAN formation compared to surface water samples. HAN formation was greater during free chlorination than during in-situ chloramination with prechlorination and preformed monochloramination. Dihalogenated acetonitriles (DHANs) were the predominant HAN species across all the disinfection schemes for both source waters. The results indicated that disinfectant dosage and contact time consistently and positively correlated with HAN formation across all disinfection schemes. Conversely, pH demonstrated an inverse relationship with HAN formation, which was significant only during preformed monochloramination of both water sources. The net DHAN formation was higher at lower pH levels and decreased as pH increased from 7 to 9. Bromide concentration significantly impacted net DHAN concentrations across all disinfection schemes for both samples except during preformed monochloramination of wastewater effluent, with bromide having the greatest influence on HAN formation among all considered factors. The HAN speciation shifted toward brominated HANs from their chlorinated analogs in presence of bromide in source water. Therefore, water treatment authorities should monitor bromide concentrations of source water whenever HAN formation is a concern.The second issue examined the effects of prechlorination time on the formation of chlorinated and brominated HANs during in-situ chloramination of two surface waters and aimed to identify an optimal prechlorination strategy that minimized DBP-associated toxicity while achieving the oxidant exposure necessary for pathogen inactivation. Chlorination was performed at different doses until achieving a free chlorine exposure sufficient for the three-log inactivation of Giardia cysts at pH 7 and 20 °C. DBP analysis indicated that DHANs and total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) were the predominant HAN and THM species, while haloacetic acids (HAAs) were detected below method reporting levels. Both THM and HAN concentrations as well as toxicity associated with them decreased with increasing chlorine dose and shorter prechlorination time. DBP-associated toxicity was higher in Virgin River samples compared to blended surface water samples under all conditions of initial chlorine concentration and reaction time used to achieve the targeted Ct. DBP analyses and their associated toxicity revealed that employing a high chlorine dosage and a brief prechlorination time effectively minimized both DBP formation and associated toxicity during in-situ chloramination of source waters. This research identifies optimizing prechlorination time as a viable strategy to reduce DBP formation and subsequent toxicity during water treatment
The complex interplay between mechanical forces, tissue response and individual susceptibility to pressure ulcers
No full textObjective: The most recent edition of the International Clinical Practice Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries was released in 2019. Shortly after, in 2020, the first edition of the SECURE Prevention expert panel report, focusing on device-related pressure ulcers/injuries, was published as a special issue in the Journal of Wound Care. A second edition followed in 2022. This article presents a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of the causes of pressure ulcers/injuries (PU/Is) as detailed in these globally recognised consensus documents. Method: The literature reviewed in this summary specifically addresses the impact of prolonged soft tissue deformations on the viability of cells and tissues in the context of PU/Is related to bodyweight or medical devices. Results: Prolonged soft tissue deformations initially result in cell death and tissue damage on a microscopic scale, potentially leading to development of clinical PU/Is overtime. That is, localised high tissue deformations or mechanical stress concentrations can cause microscopic damage within minutes, but it may take several hours of continued mechanical loading for this initial cell and tissue damage to become visible and clinically noticeable. Superficial tissue damage primarily stems from excessive shear loading on fragile or vulnerable skin. In contrast, deeper PU/Is, known as deep tissue injuries, typically arise from stress concentrations in soft tissues at body regions over sharp or curved bony prominences, or under stiff medical devices in prolonged contact with the skin. Conclusion: This review promotes deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of PU/Is, indicating that their primary prevention should focus on alleviating the exposure of cells and tissues to stress concentrations. This goal can be achieved either by reducing the intensity of stress concentrations in soft tissues, or by decreasing the exposure time of soft tissues to such stress concentrations. Declaration of interest: The author has no conflicts of interest
Advancing Health Research in Humanitarian Crises
No full textAUTHOR AFFILIATION: Amit Mistry, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States, [email protected] media can be accessed here:
http://streaming.osu.edu/knowledgebank/PREA/PREA_Session7A_Mistry_20190325.mp4This presentation identifies the mission of the Fogarty Center at the National Institutes of Health. Within this, the Advancing Health Research in Humanitarian Crises program has been initiated recently. Specific projects within this program will be described, as well as resources and funding streams within Fogarty. Research ethics is an important cross-cutting strand across these projects
- …
