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The core curriculum in the university training of the teacher of physical education in Italy
Full text linkStructural, organizational and normative developments in the school setting in Italy, in the last fifty years, suggest that teachers role should be considered throughout the social, cultural and scientific innovations that lead these changes. Based on this theoretical proposition, the purpose of the present study was to identify some key elements of Physical Education Teacher Training Core Curriculum in Italy. The study takes a documental-based approach to the development of teaching skills and lists action supported by Italian Ministry of Education in the last decades to foster adequate teacher training programs, with particular reference to Physical Education teacher training in the low and high school, since the earlier courses in 18th century till now. The results revealed that teacher training programs in Italy sometimes lacked of adequate methods and significant contents, so it is very important to underline the value of a new approach in teacher training that aim to ensure the acquisition of key competence, according to Recommendation of the European Parliament and to create a cooperation between University and the Italian Olympic Committee. In conclusion, a new approach in teacher training could foster a broad advance in specialization and professional development of physical education teacher, adjusting our educational path to the European best practices
EXTRA PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS
No full textThis study aimed at investigating whether the Extra Physical Activity has a chronic impact on the psychological functions such as self-esteem and the ability to storage information. In the recent literature the acute effect of the intense cardiovascular activity has been already shown to enhance the cognitive functions.
4 classes of a Rimini school participated to the study. In total 76 students filled the self-esteem questionnaires, performed a Free Memory Recall Test. The students were divided according to gender, self-esteem and EPA. The MANOVA were run in order to test the memory skills for gender, self-esteem and EPA score
Data analysis show EPA male participants reported a higher score in self-esteem compared with EPA female students and males who did not take part to EPA. The MANOVA for the two memory tasks highlighted significate interaction only for Self-esteem score. Difference were also detected in the Gender and Gender X Self-esteem. The post-hoc ANOVA in Memory task 1showed a significant interaction for Self-esteem. No differences emerged from the post-hoc ANOVA for self-esteem in Memory task 2. Students with high self-esteem performed memory 1 task better than low self-esteem.
The male students seemed to have higher self-esteem scores than their counterpart that did not participated to the extra activities. As well as differences emerged between males and female who practiced the EPA. The memory tests results did not revealed differences between the EPA and non-EPA groups, but student with high Self-esteem were able to remember more words than low self-esteem students
Analysis of learning a basketball shot
No full textThis paper tries to clarify from various points of view, physical and athletic, technical, tactical and
especially from that biomechanical, those that are the fundamental elements of the shot to basket, in order to
optimize the setting and specific preparation. The shot is a fundamental attack in basketball, offers many points
to be analyzed from technical point of view that the biomechanical point of view, this article will try to do it on
both aspect, trying to provide some elements technical and scientific to whom refer and the description of the
biomechanical elements characterizing the execution of the shot at basket, to improve the whole process of
teaching and learning
Self-esteem in physically active middle school students
Full text linkThe present research examined the effect of physical fitness on self-esteem of pre-adolescent children. Students performed the MOTORFIT tests and filled IPAQ-C and Self-Esteem questionnaires. According to the level of the physical fitness we evaluated the self-esteem. Results showed no gender differences, while differences for the level of physical fitness was found. In particular, participants who performed better the MOTORFIT test reported a higher self-esteem compared to less physical fit participants. However, a discrepancy emerged when the self-esteem was analysed as a function of the physical activity reported where no differences emerged between the groups. In conclusion, our results provided an effect of physical activity on self-esteem through objective measure
The effect of physical fitness and physical activity level on memory storage of Italian pre-adolescent secondary school students
Full text linkIntroduction. Physical activity could enhance some psychological functions, and it is crucial for the growth of individuals. Aim of Study. The present investigation aimed at testing pre- adolescent students’ memory functions to understand whether physical activity and physical fitness can increase memory storage. Material and Methods. A battery of physical tests (MOTORFIT) and questionnaire (PAQ-C, RSES – self-esteem) were administered to identify the physical and psychological characteristic of the students. A Free Recall Memory Test was performed by the children in order to assess their memory skills. In the memory test, participants had to memorize as many words as possible from a list of 20 words presented. Participants had to write down as many words as possible in two different times, 100 seconds after the presentation (e.g., immediate recall) of the 20 words and after 12 minutes (e.g., delayed recall). Results. The results showed an effect of physical fitness but did not show an effect of physical activity level. In particular, results highlight that students with high physical fitness are able to remember more words than pre-adolescent with low physical fitness. Conclusions. Our results provide evidence that physical practice could lead to an enhancement of memory functions
Detection of physical efficiency in footballers using a GPS 50 Hz and K4 Metabolimeter: a deeper understanding and literature review of metabolic power
No full textThe aim of this paper was to analyze the internal load of footballers, comparing the metabolic power (MP)
approach by Osgnach and Di Prampero, derived from the external load detected using GPS or video tracking
system, with the real metabolic effort gained with a portable metabolimeter used as a gold standard. Two
different protocols were used. First protocol was performed on 20 amateur footballers from 7th Italian League
(Age: 27,3 ± 3,3, eight: 1,77 ± 3,4 and weight: 80 ± 4,5). Subjects were running 10 minutes with two different
velocities, 8 km/h and at 16 km/h (5 minutes for both) and have a 5 minutes pause between them. The type of
running was circular asking the players to maintain the velocity without any changes of speed or direction;
during the test, the players were analyzed usinga 50Hz GPS (K-Sport Universal, Italia) and a portable
metabolimeter, Cosmed K4 b2. The second protocol was performed by 20 semi-professional football players
(Age: 26,3 ± 3,6, eight: 1,78 ± 4,5 and weight 77 ± 4,3) from a football team of 4th Italian Championship league.
The change of the sample was important in order to investigate the possible differences that can be recorded
between amateur and semi-professional athletes. The test protocolincluded 6 parts (18 minutes) inside which 2
recovery periods, one at the beginning of the test in order to evaluate the individual basal metabolism and one at
the end of the test to determine the recovery time. Osgnach’s MP approach results to be an invalid method for
deriving theinternal load of the athletes because individual physiological differences makeit impossible to
accurately estimate the real energy expenditure of each individual with the simple use of a pre-built
formula.Another critical point of Osgnach’s method is based on the formulas of Minetti et al. (2002) which were
derived from a study carried out on cross-country athletes. In order to detect the true energy expenditure
provided by the aerobic mechanism duringtraining or competitions, will be necessary to integrate a respiratory
rate sensor into the GPS shirts. Analysisof the player performance model (PPM) during training and match,
result to be crucial to determinate the performance of teams and individual players, to create specific training
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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