9 research outputs found
Preliminary Notes on Behaviour of a Blindfolded Free-Swimming Dolphin Performing a Target Echolocation Task in a Pool
No full textCaratteristiche distintive e strategie di prevenzione e intervento sul cyber-bullismo in Italia [Distinctive features, prevention and intervention strategies on cyberbullying in Italy]
No full textNel corso degli ultimi anni la continua evoluzione dei mezzi di comunicazione ha fatto sì che una parte significativa della comunicazione e delle relazioni interpersonali si spostasse su un piano virtuale. La familiarità di bambini e adolescenti con i nuovi strumenti di comunicazione, tuttavia, può avere conseguenze dannose a causa di un utilizzo non consapevole della tecnologia, ponendo questi soggetti in una condizione di vulnerabilità. Il cyberbullismo si configura come una nuova forma di comportamento aggressivo, per certi aspetti più dannosa rispetto al bullismo tradizionale, perché difficilmente controllabile dalla vittima che ha un’oggettiva difficoltà nel difendersi rispetto a un autore che si muove in un mondo contraddistinto dall’immaterialità ed è spesso protetto dall’anonimato della rete. Il presente lavoro si propone di fornire una revisione critica della letteratura sul cyberbullismo analizzandone le definizioni disponibili, le relative concettualizzazioni teoriche e le loro criticità, in- dividuando le caratteristiche distintive a confronto con il bullismo tradizionale ed esaminando le evidenze scientifiche disponibili circa le strategie di intervento e prevenzione nel contesto italiano.During the last years, the continuous evolution of the social media has led to a shift of the communication and interpersonal relationships towards a virtual level. However, the familiarity of children and adolescents with the new communication tools can have harmful consequences due to an unaware use of technology, making these subjects more vulnerable for new forms of aggression. Cyberbullying is a new form of aggressive behaviour, in some respects more harmful than traditional bullying, because the victim has an objective difficulty defending himself/herself against an author who moves in a world characterized by immateriality and is often protected by network anonymity. This paper aims to provide a critical review of the literature on cyberbullying by analysing the available theoretical conceptualizations, identifying the distinctive features in comparison with traditional bullying and examining the scientific evidence about intervention and prevention strategies in the Italian context
Excessive daytime sleepiness in myotonic dystrophy: a narrative review
No full textIntroductionExcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common and debilitating symptom in both forms of myotonic dystrophy (DM), significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. The review focuses on the purpose of examining the current understanding of EDS in these conditions, the difficulty in correctly accessing it, the recent findings related to its etiology and prevalence, and a summary of potential therapeutic implications.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search through PubMed, selecting studies that provided significant insights into the mechanisms, prevalence, and management of EDS in DM1 and DM2.Results and discussionEDS is highly prevalent in both DM1 and DM2. Polysomnographic studies have revealed prominent dysregulation of REM sleep in DM1, suggesting a possible narcoleptic-like phenotype and alterations in NREM sleep that contributes to daytime sleepiness. Other factors have been proposed to explain EDS in DM1, including dysregulation of the sleep-wake circadian rhythm through nocturnal actigraphy analysis. The central origin of EDS is increasingly delineated supported by serotonin and orexin pathways dysfunction, and recent neuroradiological findings showing that in DM1 hippocampus volume was positively correlated with self-reported fatigue and somnolence. Sleep-disordered breathing and respiratory dysfunctions are prevalent in DM, their direct correlation with EDS remains complex and inconclusive, but respiratory evaluation should be recommended if obstructive sleep apneas or respiratory muscle dysfunctions are suspected. Drug interventions, such as modafinil and mexiletine, have shown promise in managing excessive daytime sleepiness and reducing myotonia without significant cardiac conduction effects. Enhancing EDS management in myotonic dystrophy is key to improving overall patient well-being
Caratteristiche distintive e strategie di prevenzione e intervento sul cyber-bullismo in Italia
No full textDuring the last years, the continuous evolution of the social media has led to a shift of the communication and interpersonal relationships towards a virtual level. However, the familiarity of children and adolescents with the new communication tools can have harmful consequences due to an unaware use of technology, making these subjects more vulnerable for new forms of aggression. Cyberbullying is a new form of aggressive behaviour, in some respects more harmful than traditional bullying, because the victim has an objective difficulty defending himself/herself against an author who moves in a world characterized by immateriality and is often protected by network anonymity. This paper aims to provide a critical review of the literature on cyberbullying by analysing the available theoretical conceptualizations, identifying the distinctive features in comparison with traditional bullying and examining the scientific evidence about intervention and prevention strategies in the Italian context.Nel corso degli ultimi anni la continua evoluzione dei mezzi di comunicazione ha fatto sì che una parte significativa della comunicazione e delle relazioni interpersonali si spostasse su un piano virtuale. La familiarità di bambini e adolescenti con i nuovi strumenti di comunicazione, tuttavia, può avere conseguenze dannose a causa di un utilizzo non consapevole della tecnologia, ponendo questi soggetti in una condizione di vulnerabilità. Il cyberbullismo si configura come una nuova forma di comportamento aggressivo, per certi aspetti più dannosa rispetto al bullismo tradizionale, perché difficilmente controllabile dalla vittima che ha un’oggettiva difficoltà nel difendersi rispetto a un autore che si muove in un mondo contraddistinto dall’immaterialità ed è spesso protetto dall’anonimato della rete. Il presente lavoro si propone di fornire una revisione critica della letteratura sul cyberbullismo analizzandone le definizioni disponibili, le relative concettualizzazioni teoriche e le loro criticità, in- dividuando le caratteristiche distintive a confronto con il bullismo tradizionale ed esaminando le evidenze scientifiche disponibili circa le strategie di intervento e prevenzione nel contesto italiano
Automated identification of leukocyte subsets improves standardization of database-guided expert-supervised diagnostic orientation in acute leukemia: a EuroFlow study
No full text© The Author(s) 2020.Precise classification of acute leukemia (AL) is crucial for adequate treatment. EuroFlow has previously designed an AL orientation tube (ALOT) to guide toward the relevant classification panel and final diagnosis. In this study, we designed and validated an algorithm for automated (database-supported) gating and identification (AGI tool) of cell subsets within samples stained with ALOT. A reference database of normal peripheral blood (PB, n = 41) and bone marrow (BM; n = 45) samples analyzed with the ALOT was constructed, and served as a reference for the AGI tool to automatically identify normal cells. Populations not unequivocally identified as normal cells were labeled as checks and were classified by an expert. Additional normal BM (n = 25) and PB (n = 43) and leukemic samples (n = 109), analyzed in parallel by experts and the AGI tool, were used to evaluate the AGI tool. Analysis of normal PB and BM samples showed low percentages of checks ( 0.95 for all cell types in PB and r2 > 0.75 in BM) and resulted in highly concordant classification of leukemic cells by our previously published automated database-guided expert-supervised orientation tool for immunophenotypic diagnosis and classification of acute leukemia (Compass tool). Similar data were obtained using alternative, commercially available tubes, confirming the robustness of the developed tools. The AGI tool represents an innovative step in minimizing human intervention and requirements in expertise, toward a “sample-in and result-out” approach which may result in more objective and reproducible data analysis and diagnostics. The AGI tool may improve quality of immunophenotyping in individual laboratories, since high percentages of checks in normal samples are an alert on the quality of the internal procedures.The EuroFlow Consortium received support from the FP6- 2004-LIFESCIHEALTH-5 program of the European Commission (grant LSHB-CT-2006-018708) as Specific Targeted Research Project (STREP). The Prague team received support from the grant number NV18-03-00343. The Salamanca team received support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI16/00787-FEDER) and from Agencia Estatal de Investigación (RTC-2016-4865-1-FEDER), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain. AHD is supported from the program DI-17-09591 from Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Madrid, Spain. SB is supported from the program PTQ16-08364 from Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Madrid, Spain. Medical University of Silesia in Katowice team was supported by the Strategmed III PersonALL grant [No. 304586/5/NCBR/2017] from the Polish National Center of Research and Development. The EuroFlow Consortium is part of the European Scientific Foundation for Hemato-Oncology (ESLHO), a Scientific Working Group (SWG) of the European Hematology Association (EHA)
